Download or read book Four essays on education growth and labour economics written by Miguel Angelo Portela and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Education Expectations and the Economy written by Andreas Leibing and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Four Essays on Labour Economics written by Weiwei Ren and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis consists of four self-contained essays. Essay I, This paper examines the gender differential in the payoff to schooling in rural China. The analyses are based on a framework provided by the over education/required education/under education literature, and the decomposition developed by Chiswick and Miller (2008). It shows that the payoff to correctly matched education in rural China is much higher for females than for males. Associated with this, the wage penalty where workers are under qualified in their occupation is greater for females than for males. Both of these factors are linked to the higher payoff to schooling for females than for males. Over educated females, however, are advantaged compared with their male counterparts, though this has little effect on the differential in the payoff to schooling between males and females. These findings are interpreted using the explanations offered for the gender differential in the payoff to schooling in the growing literature on earnings determination in China. Essay II, Studies of the return to education in urban China have reported that this has increased over time, and that females typically have a higher return than males. In this paper we adopt a framework provided by the over education/required education/under education literature, and the decomposition developed by Chiswick and Miller (2008), to investigate the reasons for these findings. The finding by Chen and Hamori (2009), from analysis of data for 2004 and 2006, of the return to schooling for males exceeding that for females, is also examined using this decomposition. Essay III, This paper uses data from the 1993 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey to explore the determinants of fertility in rural China. Using an ordered logit model, our analysis shows that measures of family planning including fines for above the quota children, subsidies for "one child" families, and the Hukou status of the "one child" have affected fertility. However, the influences of these factors differ among women with different household income. Our results show that, 15 years after the one child policy was enacted in 1979, family planning was not the unique factor underlying the fertility decline in China. Socio-economic factors such as education, marriage age and occupations of women have also affected fertility in rural China. Essay IV, Using the 1991-2009 waves of China Health and Nutrition Survey, we explore whether there is any evidence of gender gap in children health outcomes in rural China and then its determinants in different size of families, which is influenced by family planning policy to a very great extent in China. We find that the existence of gender gap in child health only in non-one-child households but not in one-child households. We further observe that sibling rivalry does not affect boys' health but worsens girls' health in non-one-child households. Our findings also show that the increase of household income and father s education can reduce the gender gap in child health to some extent. The degree of gender bias in child health is computed based on Oaxaca and Blinder decomposition model.
Download or read book Essays in Economic Theory Growth and Labour Markets written by George Bitros and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distinguished contributors in this volume provide a variety of essays, which are written in honor of Emmanuel Drandakis. These essays fall into four uniform areas of economics: economic growth, general equilibrium, labor economics and game theory and applications. The editors focus on a select set of issues that stand high on the agenda of academic research. They provide fresh insights and approaches to the analysis of these issues, and thus open up wider avenues for our understanding of the dilemmas posed for theory and policy. Readers are offered new empirical evidence on such thorny social problems as, for example, unemployment, the intergenerational transmission of human capital and the response of wages to price and endowment changes.
Download or read book Four Essays on the Economics of Education written by Melissa A. Clark and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Four Essays on the Economics of Education and Inequality written by Markus Zimmermann and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Four Essays in Labour Economics written by Michael F. Maier and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zusammenfassung: This dissertation includes four studies in the field of empirical labour economics with a focus on risk in labour markets. In Chapter 1 the effect of an employment subsidy programme on early apprenticeship dropout is evaluated. The programme can be considered a preventive intervention to avoid unsuccessful labour market careers. Even though the subsidy provides strong incentives to discourage dropout, the programme does not significantly lower dropout from apprenticeship. Chapter 2 presents an analysis on the influence of individual risk attitudes on job mobility and the consequences for wage growth in the early career. The analysis is based on the proposition that job change is a risky move, since it involves substantial costs, whereas future benefits cannot be entirely foreseen. Accordingly, the results show that individuals with higher degree of risk aversion change jobs less frequently during their early career. Moreover, since risk-averse individuals demand more compensation for the risk associated with changing jobs, the observed wage increases are on average higher for risk-averse than for more risk-tolerant individuals. Chapter 3 investigates the role of skill mismatch for earnings variation among individuals with the same education. The analysis uses a general measure of skill mismatch which represents labour market frictions on a broad scale. The results show that skill mismatch is an important factor for wage inequality within education groups. Overeducation as a specific measure for skill mismatch among university graduates contributes to wage inequality due to differences in the mean and dispersion of wages between matched and mismatched workers. Chapter 4 examines whether occupational earnings risks are compensated in a lifetime perspective. The results show, that only the permanent component of earnings risk is compensated by higher wages while transitory risks are associated with a wage penalty. The consideration of heterogeneous risk attitudes and occupational mobility provides a nuanced view on the risk compensation in wages: Firstly, compensation for earnings risk is considerably higher for less risk averse workers. Secondly, the compensating wage differential is lower after an occupational change suggesting a trade-off between occupational mobility and compensation for earnings risk
Download or read book Essays in Education and Labour Economics written by Lina Marcela Cardona Sosa and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first two substantive chapters of the thesis estimate the effect of single sex secondary school education on educational achievement and labour market out- comes. The last chapter evaluates the impact of a tax credit aimed to encourage disabled people to work. The analysis is carried out using data from the UK and particular attention is paid to issues of endogeneity. Chapters 2 and 3 explore the association between single sex education and indi- viduals' achievement at school and in the labour market, respectively using data from the National Child Development Study (NCDS). The main findings from Chapter 2 suggest, after accounting for endogeneity, that single sex schooling increases the probability of continuing with education at the age of 16 by 14 percentage points (ppts). However, no effect was found for other educational outcomes. The analysis in Chapter 3 suggests the existence of a positive relationship with fulltime employment at the age of 33, and a positive effect on individuals' wages among those working fulltime at the age of 23. The quantile regression analysis suggested that the effect is mainly observed at the lower-middle part of the wage distribution. Finally, we found evidence that women from single sex schools are more likely to have a professional partner. In Chapter 4, using data from the UK Labour Force Survey, we evaluate the effectiveness of the Disabled Person's Tax Credit (DPTC). Using a difference in differences approach, we find an increase of 6.5 ppts in the employment rates of lone mothers with a disability and an increase of 5 ppts in the looking for a job probability of single men. This thesis contributes to the existing literature on the effects of single sex education by using a different identification strategy from other authors. It also provides evidence of the effectiveness of the DPTC, which has not been studied in a comprehensive way until now.
Download or read book Education Matters written by Alan B. Krueger and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of economic research on education conducted by Krueger in the 1990s. The papers are divided into four major sections: estimating the payoff of completing more education; estimating the payoff of school quality; issues related to race and education; and changes in educational payoff over time, including technological change. A final two essays consider education and economic growth, with a focus on Sweden, and evaluate whether American schools are "broken." Krueger (economics and public affairs, Princeton U.) is also author of Education matters and served as the chief economist of the U.S. Labor Department of in 1994 and 1995. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Empirical Essays on Economics of Education and Labour Economics written by Barbara Masi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education and Labour written by Greta Morando and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kahnemann and Tversky and the making of behavioral economics written by Floris Heukelom and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Education and the Family written by Helena Holmlund and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Come Close and Co create written by Sandra Phlippen and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access to relevant external knowledge is crucial for a firms' competitiveness in innovation-driven industries. This thesis focuses on how different forms of proximity affect a firm's ability to access such knowledge. We consider the influence of being co-located in space, of being embedded in a network, and of being active in similar knowledge domains. By integrating these three proximity perspectives, we contribute to various disciplines such as economic geography, organizational sociology and innovation studies. Further, we investigate the make, buy or ally strategies that pharmaceutical firms employ to maximize the probability of innovation (finding new drugs). Our findings suggest that firms employ multiple governance structures simultaneously, even when targeting similar innovations. These insights contribute to our understanding of the boundaries of the firm.
Download or read book Essays in Economic Development written by Salma Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents four self-contained essays that explore issues that are crucial in improving human well-being in a developing country: improving health, minimising child labour and reducing gender inequality. The analysis is focused on Bangladesh where the prevalence of child labour and gender differences in several domains is still widespread. The first essay aims to examine the gender wage gap along the entire wage distribution into an endowment effect and a discrimination effect, taking into account possible selection into full-time employment. Applying a new decomposition approach to the Bangladesh Labour Force Survey (LFS) datasets of 1999 and 2005, we find that women are paid less than men everywhere on the wage distribution and the gap is higher at the lower end of the distribution. Discrimination against women is the primary determinant of the wage gap. We also find that this gap has widened between 1999 and 2005. The second essay examines whether gender differences in tertiary enrolment rates can be explained by wage premiums in returns from secondary to tertiary education levels. Using LFS data, we find that wage premiums do not have any significant effect on the gender gap in tertiary enrolment rates. We also note that wage premiums in returns from secondary to tertiary education significantly influence tertiary enrolment rates for males but not for females, once additional variables are added. We offer evidence that part of the explanation for low female enrolment in tertiary education is attributable to demographic factors. The third essay investigates whether there is any trade-off between child labour hours and schooling. By drawing on the 2002 dataset of the Bangladesh National Child Labour Survey (NCLS), we find that working hours adversely affect child schooling from the very first hour of work. However, the marginal impact of child labour hours weakens when working hours increase; yet, working hours always negatively affect schooling when we use a non-parametric approach. We find that parents do not have identical preferences towards schooling decisions concerning boys and girls. Both mother and father show a significant preference for educating a female child. The same incentive effect is not found for a male child. These conclusions persist, even after allowing for sample selection in child labour. The fourth essay tests the effect of child labour on child health outcomes in Bangladesh. We use self-reported injury or illness due to work as a general measure of health status. Using NCLS data, we find that child labour is positively and significantly associated with the probability of being injured or becoming ill, once the endogenous relationship between these factors is accounted for. These findings remain robust when we consider child labour hours and restrict our analysis to rural areas. Moreover, the intensity of injury or illness is significantly higher in construction and manufacturing than in other sectors.
Download or read book Post Keynesian Essays from Down Under Volume IV Essays on Theory written by G. Harcourt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Joseph Halevi, G. C. Harcourt, Peter Kriesler and J. W. Nevile bring together a collection of their most influential papers on post-Keynesian thought. Their work stresses the importance of the underlying institutional framework, of the economy as a historical process and, therefore, of path determinacy. In addition, their essays suggest the ultimate goal of economics is as a tool to inform policy and make the world a better place, with better being defined by an overriding concern with social justice. Volume IV explores theory.
Download or read book Three Essays in Labour Economics and the Economics of Education written by Mohsen Javdani Haji and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three empirical essays. The first chapter is focused on the economics of gender, and the other two chapters are focused on the economics of education. A common theme in all these three chapters is studying the outcomes of disadvantaged groups in society, with an eye to policy interventions that could improve these outcomes. The first chapter examines whether women face a glass ceiling in the labour market, which would imply that they are under-represented in high wage regions of the wage distribution. I also measure the extent to which the glass ceiling comes about because women are segregated into lower-paying firms (glass doors), or because they are segregated into lower-paying jobs within firms (within-firm glass ceilings). I find clear evidence that women experience a glass ceiling that is driven mainly by their disproportionate sorting across firm types rather than sorting across jobs within firms. I find no evidence that gender differences in sorting across firms can be accounted for by compensating differentials. However, my results are consistent with predictions of an efficiency wage model where high-paying firms discriminate against females. The second chapter estimates the effect of publicly-disseminated information about school achievement on school choice decisions. We find that students are more likely to leave their school when public information reveals poor school-level performance. Some parents' respond to information soon after it becomes available. Others, including non-English-speaking parents, alter their school choice decisions only in response to information that has been disseminated widely and discussed in the media. Parents in low-income neighbourhoods are most likely to alter their school choice decisions in response to new information. The third chapter measures the extent to which cross-sectional differences in schools' average achievement on standardized tests are due to transitory factors. Test-based measures of school performance are increasingly used to shape education policy, and recent evidence shows that they also affect families' school choice decisions. There are, however, concerns about the precision of these measures. My results suggest that sampling variation and one-time mean reverting shocks are a significant source of cross-sectional variation in schools' mean test scores.
