Download or read book Fortress Europe and Other Myths Concerning Trade written by Jean Baneth and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fortress Europe and Other Myths about Trade written by Jean Baneth and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free trade in manufactures is a reality in most industrial countries. There is little more to gain from further trade liberalization. But there is much to lose from any retreat fron the open multilateral trading system, or even from threats to it. To preserve the system, the benefits of free trade should be made more tangible through better domestic structural and macroeconomic policies that would raise growth rates and lower unemployment.
Download or read book Fortress Europe and Other Myths about Trade written by Jean Baneth and published by Washington, D.C. : World Bank. This book was released on 1993 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper 225. This paper looks at the role protectionism has played in recent trade policy and its effect on growth and employment in the industrial countries. Not convinced of the benefits of free trade, some industrial countries still employ protectionism. But in recent years many have liberalized their trade policies and moved towards greater reliance on exports. The author analyzes trade policy within this context, paying particular attention to the case of the European Community (EC). He argues that contrary to popular opinion, the use of protectionist policies is in decline. The paper first looks at the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on imports over the course of the 1980s. EC protectionist policies such as the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) are reviewed. The author then draws comparisons between the EC, Japan, and the United States. The case of imports from developing countries is examined separately in order to evaluate the hypothesis of discrimination against them by industrial economies. The relationships between trade, employment, and protectionism during the recent period of slow economic growth in the industrial countries is also discussed. The author concludes that while protectionism in the short run can ease pressures from competition, only through open trade and sound macroeconomic management can economies adapt to future trade challenges. A summary page in French is also included.
Download or read book Supply and Demand for Finance of Small Enterprises in Ghana written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper No. 251. This study investigates the conflicting viewpoints of small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) and banks: the SMEs contend that the supply of bank financing is largely unavailable to them, while banks maintain
Download or read book Small Firms Informally Financed written by Reazul Islam and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper No. 253. Small firms are numerous in Bangladesh and contribute greatly to employment and to the provision of inexpensive goods and services. The original hypothesis for the research presented in this paper was that inves
Download or read book Preshipment Inspection Services written by Patrick Low and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many governments have contracted preshipment inspection (PSI) services to address problems associated with the over- and under-invoicing of trade transactions, tariff misclassifications, shortfalls in revenue collections from trade taxes, and the manageme
Download or read book Rethinking Research on Land Degradation in Developing Countries written by Yvan Biot and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 280. Addresses the need to improve the administration of justice in Latin America and the Caribbean and provides effective strategies for reform. Judicial reform is a new area of interest for the World Bank. This book addresses the need to improve the administration of justice in Latin America and the Caribbean and provides effective strategies for reform. The report combines the experiences of more than 20 countries in their effort to enhance the quality and efficiency of their judicial systems. The authors highlight the importance of the judiciary in economic development, with a particular focus on court administration, the judicial institutional framework, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, procedural reforms, access to justice, and the role of the legal profession.
Download or read book Decentralizing Infrastructure written by Antonio Estache and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper No. 286. This report was commissioned as part of a project on the effectiveness of credit policies in East Asian countries. In the Republic of Korea, the government has played a pervasive role in promoting industrialization and economic development. The report documents the use of directed credit programs and highlights what made government intervention effective: its close consultation with industry, the existence of a competitive business environment, and a strong monitoring and evaluation system. The report notes the risk-sharing arrangements developed by Korean policymakers and the flexible adaptation of directed credit programs to the changing needs of the Korean economy. The authors also emphasize the long-term costs of reliance on directed credit programs and the measures taken in recent years to redirect the programs' objectives and redress the imbalances that have arisen along Korea's path to economic development.
Download or read book Regulated Deregulation of the Financial System in Korea written by Ismail Dalla and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper No. 292. Examines the anatomy of the Republic of Korea's financial reform policy since 1979 in order to place the nation's financial reform plan of 1993 in a proper context. Financial deregulation in the Republic of Korea, initiated in 1979, coincided with similar programs in South America and East Asia. The reforms were successful in spite of a mild form of financial repression and a deregulation policy that ran an erratic course. The republic moved decisively in 1993 toward a conventional type of financial liberalization by announcing a blueprint of reforms to be implemented over a five-year period ending in 1997. This paper examines the anatomy of the Korean financial reform policy since 1979 in order to place its financial reform plan of 1993 in the proper context. The report presents a conceptual framework of the Korean financial system and policies, examines interest rate reforms on various levels, and discusses changes in the credit allocation system that were undertaken in earlier phases of the reforms. The book goes on to review the rationale of the final financial reform phase, the sequencing of its various elements, and the assessment. Broad conclusions are presented.
Download or read book Energy Demand in Five Major Asian Developing Countries written by Masayasu Ishiguro and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper No. 277. This study examines the structure and trends of energy demand in China, India, Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, and Thailand. Chapters focus on energy efficiency and conservation in the industrial, transportati
Download or read book Africa s Experience with Structural Adjustment written by Kapil Kapoor and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation World Bank Discussion Paper No. 288.Summarizes the proceedings of a seminar held in Harare, May 1994, that assessed the extent to which policy reforms related to structural adjustment have been implemented and examined their results.
Download or read book The Diffusion of Information Technology written by Ken Guy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper No. 281.This study examines the best practices of eight OECD countries--Canada, Germany, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States--in designing national policies and programs to accelerate the effective use of information technology in support of industrial competitiveness. New technologies in computing, communications, and multimedia are changing the competitive advantage of industries, services, and entire economies. Enterprises must therefore increase their technological development and education through government assistance.The emerging experience is rich and diverse. The study draws on the tacit knowledge of the designers and implementors of national policies and programs to establish key rules-of-thumb for future programs. The authors outline broad directions for adapting these practices to the conditions of developing countries.
Download or read book Population Growth Shifting Cultivation and Unsustainable Agricultural Development written by Andrew Keck and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper 234. This study of a microregion of Madagascar illustrates the important relationships between population growth, unsustainable agriculture, and natural resource decline. It shows how agricultural development has been ha
Download or read book Policies Affecting Fertility and Contraceptive Use written by Susan Scribner and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 272. Public examinations in developing countries play a critical role in the selection of students for participation in the educational system. The exams dictate what is taught, how it is taught, and what is and is not learned. They are academic, have little reference to the everyday lives of the students, are limited to pencil-and-paper tests, and are biased toward high-achievers. Thus, students who leave school at an early stage are provided with inadequate opportunities for acquiring relevant knowledge and skills. This study identifies practices associated with examinations that may create inequities for some students. These include scoring procedures, the use of culturally inappropriate questions, fee requirements, private tutoring, exams in a language unfamiliar to the student, and a variety of malpractices. Quota systems that deal with differences in performance associated with location, ethnicity, or language group membership also creates inequities for some students. The report concludes that the limited available evidence does not indicate that examinations create inequities between genders and that ranking schools on the basis of students' examination performance may not provide a fair assessment of the work of schools.
Download or read book Raising the Productivity of Women Farmers in Sub Saharan Africa written by Katrine Anderson Saito and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper 230. Based on four country studies and extensive household surveys, this paper documents the breakdown of traditional farming systems in Sub- Saharan Africa and its implications for the role of women in agriculture.
Download or read book Improving the Quality of Primary Education in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Laurence Wolff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Discussion Paper No. 257. Countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC) have invested heavily in primary education over the past 10 years. International studies of achievement, however, show that LAC countries still perfo
Download or read book Farm Restructuring and Land Tenure in Reforming Socialist Economies written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition: conditions and legislation; Survey design: the demographic and physical setting; Processes of land reform; Crop production; Livestock production; Markets for inputs and products; Capitalization and assets; Finance and banking; Labour, housing and social services.
