Download or read book Fortress Attica written by J. Ober and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the defense policy of Athens in the period after the Peloponnesian War. In order to counter new offensive strategies and to protect vital local sources of revenue, the Athenians instituted a system of territorial defense, based on massive frontier fortresses and a sophisticated signal network. Individual chapters treat Athens' postwar economic situations, the development of Greek military science, the rise of a defensive mentality among the Athenian citizens, theorectical literature on defense, and Athens' military establishment. A major section is devoted to detailed descriptions of the land routes into Attica and of all ancient fortresses, towers, and military highways in the frontier zones. Concluding chapters demonstrate how the defense system worked in practic.
Download or read book Do Good Fences Make Good Neighbors written by Brent L. Sterling and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2009-10-30 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of nations, conspicuously Israel and the United States, have been increasingly attracted to the use of strategic barriers to promote national defense. In Do Good Fences Make Good Neighbors?, defense analyst Brent Sterling examines the historical use of strategic defenses such as walls or fortifications to evaluate their effectiveness and consider their implications for modern security. Sterling studies six famous defenses spanning 2,500 years, representing both democratic and authoritarian regimes: the Long Walls of Athens, Hadrian’s Wall in Roman Britain, the Ming Great Wall of China, Louis XIV’s Pré Carré, France’s Maginot Line, and Israel’s Bar Lev Line. Although many of these barriers were effective in the short term, they also affected the states that created them in terms of cost, strategic outlook, military readiness, and relations with neighbors. Sterling assesses how modern barriers against ground and air threats could influence threat perceptions, alter the military balance, and influence the builder’s subsequent policy choices. Advocates and critics of strategic defenses often bolster their arguments by selectively distorting history. Sterling emphasizes the need for an impartial examination of what past experience can teach us. His study yields nuanced lessons about strategic barriers and international security and yields findings that are relevant for security scholars and compelling to general readers.
Download or read book Ancient Fortifications written by Silke Muth and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2016-04-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dedicated to the investigation of fortifications as important and integral elements of ancient built space, the present volume results from the activity of the German based international research network Fokus Fortifikation. Ancient Fortifications in the Eastern Mediterranean and is intended as a guide to research on ancient fortifications and a source of inspiration for new research. Ancient city walls and other fortification structures have long been underestimated. Since the early years of the 21st century, research on ancient fortifications has experienced an international boom, particularly amongst young researchers. They approached the study of fortifications with fresh ideas and new aims, and felt the need to discuss the problems and potentials of these monuments and to develop harmonized research methods and objectives. The outcome is the present bilingual (English and German) book, which offers a condensed view of the network’s extended conversations. The goal is not so much to offer an overview on the development of ancient fortifications, but rather to present versatile and diverse approaches to their research and interpretation and to serve as a kickoff for a new understanding of this category of ancient buildings. The book is divided into two parts: the first part includes 12 chapters on methods of interpretation, documentation, and field project organization; the systematic description and presentation of fortifications; the ‘building experience’; masonry forms and techniques; defensive, symbolic, and urbanistic functions and aspects; on fortifications in written sources, the visual arts, and as a historical source; and on regional and rural fortifications, and regionally confined phenomena. Part two is a catalogue that offers exemplary presentations of fortifications studied by network members; it is arranged in four sections: regions, sites, architectural elements and architectural details. The book is Volume 1 in the new series Fokus Fortifikation Studies. Volume 2 in the series, Focus on Fortification: New Research on Fortifications in the Ancient Mediterranean and the Near East (Oxbow Books), the proceedings of an international conference held in Athens in December 2012, will also appear in 2015.
Download or read book Fortified Military Camps in Attica written by James R. McCredie and published by ASCSA. This book was released on 1966 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an examination of the information available about a number of fortified sites in Attica with a focus on 1960 excavations at the site of Koroni on the east coast of the Attic peninsula near Porto Raphti. The corpus of all known sites includes original site maps and plans, as well as much previously unpublished information collected during topographic investigations by the author. Many of the sites surveyed were established around 325-250 B.C. in the uncertain times following Alexander the Great's death, especially during the Chremonidean War when Ptolemaic forces were active in the region. The author traces their later history, extending his description of military encampments around Athens up to the present day.
Download or read book Cities Called Athens written by Kevin F. Daly and published by Bucknell University Press. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourteen essays in this volume share new and evolving knowledge, theories, and observations about the city of Athens or the region of Attica. The contents include essays on topography, architecture, religion and cult, sculpture, ceramic studies, iconography, epigraphy, trade, and drama. This volume is dedicated to John McK. Camp II, to acknowledge the extraordinary impact he has had on the field of Greek archaeology through his work in the Athenian Agora, as a scholar of ancient Greece, and as Mellon Professor at the American School of Classical Studies. The contributors' work represents current research by the latest generation of scholars with ties to Athens. All of the contributors were students of Professor Camp in Greece, and their essays are dedicated to him in gratitude for his profound influence on their lives and careers.
Download or read book Makers of Ancient Strategy written by Victor Davis Hanson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-16 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this prequel to the now-classic Makers of Modern Strategy, Victor Davis Hanson, a leading scholar of ancient military history, gathers prominent thinkers to explore key facets of warfare, strategy, and foreign policy in the Greco-Roman world. From the Persian Wars to the final defense of the Roman Empire, Makers of Ancient Strategy demonstrates that the military thinking and policies of the ancient Greeks and Romans remain surprisingly relevant for understanding conflict in the modern world. The book reveals that much of the organized violence witnessed today--such as counterterrorism, urban fighting, insurgencies, preemptive war, and ethnic cleansing--has ample precedent in the classical era. The book examines the preemption and unilateralism used to instill democracy during Epaminondas's great invasion of the Peloponnesus in 369 BC, as well as the counterinsurgency and terrorism that characterized Rome's battles with insurgents such as Spartacus, Mithridates, and the Cilician pirates. The collection looks at the urban warfare that became increasingly common as more battles were fought within city walls, and follows the careful tactical strategies of statesmen as diverse as Pericles, Demosthenes, Alexander, Pyrrhus, Caesar, and Augustus. Makers of Ancient Strategy shows how Greco-Roman history sheds light on wars of every age. In addition to the editor, the contributors are David L. Berkey, Adrian Goldsworthy, Peter J. Heather, Tom Holland, Donald Kagan, John W. I. Lee, Susan Mattern, Barry Strauss, and Ian Worthington.
Download or read book Localism and the Ancient Greek City State written by Hans Beck and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Greek historian investigates the importance of local identity in the Mediterranean world in a “rare, genuinely original book . . . Highly recommended” (Choice). Much as our modern world is interconnected through global networks, the ancient Greek city-states were a dynamic part of the wider Mediterranean landscape. In Localism and the Ancient Greek World, historian Hans Beck argues that local shifts in politics, religion and culture had a pervasive influence in a world of fast-paced change. Citizens in these communities were deeply concerned with maintaining local identity, commercial freedom, distinct religious cults, and much more. Beyond these cultural identifiers, there lay a deeper concept of the local that guided polis societies in their contact with a rapidly expanding world. Drawing on a staggering range of materials—including texts by both known and obscure writers, numismatics, pottery analysis, and archeological records—Beck develops fine-grained case studies that illustrate the significance of the local experience. Localism and the Ancient Greek City-State builds bridges across disciplines and ideas within the humanities. It highlights the importance of localism not only in the archaeology of the ancient Mediterranean, but also in today’s conversations about globalism, networks, and migration.
Download or read book Ancient Greece and Rome written by Keith Hopwood and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sir Thomas Fairfax, not Oliver Cromwell, was creator and commander of Parliament's New Model Army from 1645 to1650. Although Fairfax emerged as England's most successful commander of the 1640s, this book challenges the orthodoxy that he was purely a military figure, showing how he was not apolitical or disinterested in politics. The book combines narrative and thematic approaches to explore the wider issues of popular allegiance, puritan religion, concepts of honour, image, reputation, memory, gender, literature, and Fairfax's relationship with Cromwell. 'Black Tom' delivers a groundbreaking examination of the transformative experience of the English revolution from the viewpoint of one of its leading, yet most neglected, participants. It is the first modern academic study of Fairfax, making it essential reading for university students as well as historians of the seventeenth century. Its accessible style will appeal to a wider audience of those interested in the civil wars and interregnum more generally.
Download or read book A Landscape of Conflict Rural Fortifications in the Argolid 400 146 BC written by Anna Magdalena Blomley and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first systematic study of Late Classical and Hellenistic rural fortifications in ancient Argos and the city-states of the Argolic Akte. Based on one of the largest regional corpora of Greek fortified sites, the volume investigates the function of rural fortifications by placing them in the context of their surrounding landscape.
Download or read book Places of Encounter Volume 1 written by Aran MacKinnon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Places of Encounter provides a place-based approach to world history, focusing on specific locations at critical moments when human history was transformed as a result of encounters-physical, political, cultural, intellectual, and religious. Original, contributed essays by leading academics in the field explore places from Hadar to Xi'an, Salvador to New York, and numerous other locations that have produced historical shockwaves and significant global impact throughout history. With a chronologically organized table of contents, each chapter dissects a particular moment in history, with personal commentary from each contributor, a narrative of the location's historical significance at the time, and a section on significant global connections. Primary sources and discussion questions at the end of each chapter allow students a view into the lives of individuals of the time. Students will experience the narrative of historic individuals as well as modern scholars looking back over documentation to offer their own views of the past, providing students with the perfect opportunity to see how scholars form their own views about history.
Download or read book The Economy of Classical Athens written by Emmanouil M. L. M.L. Economou and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-10-06 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In parallel to the development of democracy, the Athenians of the Classical period established a series of sophisticated economic institutions for the time through which they developed a maritime and commercially oriented economy. This book provides a thorough analysis of this transformation and the functioning of the Athenian economy during the Classical period. Through the approach of New Institutional Economics (NIE), the book explores the establishment of key institutions including property rights protection, the legal protection of commercial contracts, prices determined by the forces of supply and demand, institutions against profiteering, banking services, the provision of loans through interest rates, consumer credit, insurance companies and a (primitive) version of joint-stock companies. Furthermore, the book focuses on the structure of the public sector, on how the state budget was determined and on how decisions on public revenues and expenditures were made. It also provides an integrated and detailed analysis of the social welfare policies that were implemented through the provision of a variety of public goods in Classical Athens. Moreover, it focuses on a series of socio-economic aspects such as the social status of women, slaves and foreigners and the viewpoints of prominent Athenian philosophers regarding economic organization. Finally, the book investigates whether an Athenian economic-political model of governance, based on a combination of advanced economic institutions (of free market type logic, even if in a primordial form) and direct democracy principles, can provide any lessons for modern societies. The book will be of great interest to readers of the economy, history and society of Ancient Greece as well as economic historians, ancient historians and policymakers more broadly.
Download or read book The Oxford Classical Dictionary written by Simon Hornblower and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 1650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised third edition of the 'Oxford Classical Dictionary' is the ultimate reference on the classical world containing over 6,200 entries. The 2003 revision includes minor corrections and updates and all Latin and Greek words in the text are now translated into English.
Download or read book Athens and Boiotia written by Roy van Wijk and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Were Athenians and Boiotians natural enemies in the Archaic and Classical period? The scholarly consensus is yes. Roy van Wijk, however, re-evaluates this commonly held assumption and shows that, far from perpetually hostile, their relationship was distinctive and complex. Moving between diplomatic normative behaviour, commemorative practice and the lived experience in the borderlands, he offers a close analysis of literary sources, combined with recent archaeological and epigraphic material, to reveal an aspect to neighbourly relations that has hitherto escaped attention. He argues that case studies such as the Mazi plain and Oropos show that territorial disputes were not a mainstay in diplomatic interactions and that commemorative practices in Panhellenic and local sanctuaries do not reflect an innate desire to castigate the neighbour. The book breaks new ground by reconstructing a more positive and polyvalent appreciation of neighbourly relations based on the local lived experience. This title is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Fortificationes Antiquae written by Van de Maele and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-13 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: ADAM, J.-P., Approche et défense des portes dans le monde hellénisé. HAGEL, D., The Fortifications of the Late Bronze Age on Kiápha Thíti, Attike. NOWICKI, K., Fortifications in Dark Age Krete. LAUTER, H., Some Remarks on fortified Settlements in the Attic Countryside. MAELE, S. VAN DE, Le réseau mégarien de défense territoriale contre l'Attique à l'époque classique (Ve et IVe s. av. J.-C.). FOSSEY, J.M., The Development of some Defensive Networks in Eastern Central Greece during the Classical Period. GAUVIN, G., Les systèmes de fortifications de Kléonai et Phlionte à la période classique-hellénistique. OBER, J., Towards a Typology of Greek Artillery Towers: the first and second generations (c. 375-275 B.C.). BAKHUIZEN, S.C., The Townwall of Aitolian Kallipolis. WINTER, F.E., Philon of Byzantion and the Hellenistic Fortifications of Rhodos. GROS, P., Moenia: Aspects défensifs et aspects représentatifs des fortifications.
Download or read book Warfare and Agriculture in Classical Greece Revised edition written by Victor Davis Hanson and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1998-10-20 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ancient Greeks were for the most part a rural, not an urban, society. And for much of the Classical period, war was more common than peace. Almost all accounts of ancient history assume that farming and fighting were critical events in the lives of the citizenry. Yet never before have we had a comprehensive modern study of the relationship between agriculture and warfare in the Greek world. In this completely revised edition of Warfare and Agriculture in Classical Greece, Victor Davis Hanson provides a systematic review of Greek agriculture and warfare and describes the relationship between these two important aspects of life in ancient communities. With careful attention to agronomic as well as military details, this well-written, thoroughly researched study reveals the remarkable resilience of those farmland communities. In the past, scholars have assumed that the agricultural infrastructure of ancient society was often ruined by attack, as, for example, Athens was relegated to poverty in the aftermath of the Persian and later Peloponnesian invasions. Hanson's study shows, however, that in reality attacks on agriculture rarely resulted in famines or permanent agrarian depression. Trees and vines are hard to destroy, and grainfields are only briefly vulnerable to torching. In addition, ancient armies were rather inefficient systematic ravagers and instead used other tactics, such as occupying their enemies' farms to incite infantry battle. Warfare and Agriculture in Classical Greece suggests that for all ancient societies, rural depression and desolation came about from more subtle phenomena—taxes, changes in political and social structure, and new cultural values—rather than from destructive warfare.
Download or read book Rome at War written by Nathan Rosenstein and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2005-12-15 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians have long asserted that during and after the Hannibalic War, the Roman Republic's need to conscript men for long-term military service helped bring about the demise of Italy's small farms and that the misery of impoverished citizens then became fuel for the social and political conflagrations of the late republic. Nathan Rosenstein challenges this claim, showing how Rome reconciled the needs of war and agriculture throughout the middle republic. The key, Rosenstein argues, lies in recognizing the critical role of family formation. By analyzing models of families' needs for agricultural labor over their life cycles, he shows that families often had a surplus of manpower to meet the demands of military conscription. Did, then, Roman imperialism play any role in the social crisis of the later second century B.C.? Rosenstein argues that Roman warfare had critical demographic consequences that have gone unrecognized by previous historians: heavy military mortality paradoxically helped sustain a dramatic increase in the birthrate, ultimately leading to overpopulation and landlessness.
Download or read book Pausanias s Description of Greece written by Pausanias and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
