Download or read book Abstracting Away the Machine written by Mark Jones Lorenzo and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the dawn of the computer age, an elite development team at IBM built the most influential computer programming language in history: FORTRAN. Abstracting Away the Machine tells the epic story of how they did it--and what happened next. Over the past six decades, programming languages like ALGOL, BASIC, C/C++, COBOL, Java, LISP, LOGO, Pascal, PL/I, Python, Visual Basic, and many others opened up the field of computer science, and of computer programming in general, to the masses. But all of these high-level languages (HLLs)--computer languages that automate, hide, or otherwise abstract away the underlying operations of the machine--owe a huge debt of gratitude to FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), the first HLL to achieve widespread adoption. Many programming practices that we take for granted now came about as a result of FORTRAN. Created over a three-year period at IBM by a development team led by a brilliant but wayward mathematician named John W. Backus, FORTRAN was implemented initially on the IBM 704 mainframe computer in the mid-1950s, with dialects of the language quickly spreading thereafter to other platforms. FORTRAN's powerful compiler, which translated human-readable code into code a computer could understand, produced incredibly clean and optimized standalone executable programs, all of which could be run independently of the compiler, setting the standard for decades to come--and overcoming the doubts of many skeptics along the way, who thought the FORTRAN project would never succeed. In the 1960s the language was standardized, with machine-dependent commands excised, and many platform-independent implementations followed. With the language now portable, able to run on any computer (at least in theory), FORTRAN, almost by accident, secured a stranglehold in the fields of science and engineering. The language also came to dominate in the supercomputing industry. But FORTRAN, a blue-collar workhorse more concerned with results than with style, was a victim of its own success--the language sowed the seeds of its own demise. New high-level languages sprouted up, stealing the good bits from FORTRAN while simultaneously defining themselves in opposition to it. FORTRAN had become the foil. As these new languages pierced the cutting edge of the programming landscape, they redefined computing paradigms (e.g., with structured programming, object-oriented programming, and the like), and FORTRAN--though eventually (and repeatedly) modernized and formally renamed Fortran--struggled to keep up through multiple standardization efforts, finally ceding significant ground to its successors as it slowly withdrew from the spotlight. To add insult to injury, even John Backus eventually turned against his creation. This is not a book on how to program in FORTRAN, nor is it a technical manual. Rather, the focus in Abstracting Away the Machine, which chronicles the complete history and development of the FORTRAN programming language, is set squarely on telling three interlocking stories: (1) How an elite group of computing trailblazers built FORTRAN, (2) Why the conditions at the time were ripe for them to succeed, and (3) What happened after they did. Tracing the long arc of FORTRAN's development and maturation is integral to understanding not only the history of programming but also the state of computer science today. The birth of FORTRAN planted a seed that led to the full flowering of high-level languages, since FORTRAN overcame initial skepticism by demonstrating to the world that a well-made HLL really could abstract away the machine.

Download or read book Fortran 90 Programming written by T. M. R. Ellis and published by Addison Wesley Publishing Company. This book was released on 1994 with total page 825 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a clear tutorial guide for the new Fortran 90 language, this book highlights Fortran 90's role as a powerful tool for problem-solving in engineering and science. Having been involved in the development of the new standard, the authors provide (as a bonus) an inside perspective on the design rationale behind the major features of Fortran 90.Features comprehensive coverage of all the major language features, with clear guidelines on the differences between the 77 and 90 standards case studies illustrating its applications in scientific problem-solving two authoritative chapters in coding numerical methods in Fortran 90 an early introduction to procedures and modules to encourage a structural approach to programming 0201544466B04062001

Download or read book FORTRAN IV written by J. Daniel Couger and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Basic FORTRAN IV Programming written by Jeremiah J. Healy and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modern Fortran written by Milan Curcic and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Fortran teaches you to develop fast, efficient parallel applications using twenty-first-century Fortran. In this guide, you’ll dive into Fortran by creating fun apps, including a tsunami simulator and a stock price analyzer. Filled with real-world use cases, insightful illustrations, and hands-on exercises, Modern Fortran helps you see this classic language in a whole new light. Summary Using Fortran, early and accurate forecasts for hurricanes and other major storms have saved thousands of lives. Better designs for ships, planes, and automobiles have made travel safer, more efficient, and less expensive than ever before. Using Fortran, low-level machine learning and deep learning libraries provide incredibly easy, fast, and insightful analysis of massive data. Fortran is an amazingly powerful and flexible programming language that forms the foundation of high performance computing for research, science, and industry. And it's come a long, long way since starting life on IBM mainframes in 1956. Modern Fortran is natively parallel, so it's uniquely suited for efficiently handling problems like complex simulations, long-range predictions, and ultra-precise designs. If you're working on tasks where speed, accuracy, and efficiency matter, it's time to discover—or re-discover—Fortran.. About the technology For over 60 years Fortran has been powering mission-critical scientific applications, and it isn't slowing down yet! Rock-solid reliability and new support for parallel programming make Fortran an essential language for next-generation high-performance computing. Simply put, the future is in parallel, and Fortran is already there. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the book Modern Fortran teaches you to develop fast, efficient parallel applications using twenty-first-century Fortran. In this guide, you'll dive into Fortran by creating fun apps, including a tsunami simulator and a stock price analyzer. Filled with real-world use cases, insightful illustrations, and hands-on exercises, Modern Fortran helps you see this classic language in a whole new light. What's inside Fortran's place in the modern world Working with variables, arrays, and functions Module development Parallelism with coarrays, teams, and events Interoperating Fortran with C About the reader For developers and computational scientists. No experience with Fortran required. About the author Milan Curcic is a meteorologist, oceanographer, and author of several general-purpose Fortran libraries and applications. Table of Contents PART 1 - GETTING STARTED WITH MODERN FORTRAN 1 Introducing Fortran 2 Getting started: Minimal working app PART 2 - CORE ELEMENTS OF FORTRAN 3 Writing reusable code with functions and subroutines 4 Organizing your Fortran code using modules 5 Analyzing time series data with arrays 6 Reading, writing, and formatting your data PART 3 - ADVANCED FORTRAN USE 7 Going parallel with Fortan coarrays 8 Working with abstract data using derived types 9 Generic procedures and operators for any data type 10 User-defined operators for derived types PART 4 - THE FINAL STRETCH 11 Interoperability with C: Exposing your app to the web 12 Advanced parallelism with teams, events, and collectives

Download or read book The Fortran 2003 Handbook written by Jeanne C. Adams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-18 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fortran 2003 Handbook is a definitive and comprehensive guide to Fortran 2003 and its use. Fortran 2003, the latest standard version of Fortran, has many excellent features that assist the programmer in writing efficient, portable and maintainable programs. This all-inclusive volume offers a reader-friendly, easy-to-follow and informal description of Fortran 2003, and has been developed to provide not only a readable explanation of features, but also some rationale for the inclusion of features and their use. This highly versatile handbook is intended for anyone who wants a comprehensive survey of Fortran 2003.

Download or read book Classical FORTRAN written by Michael Kupferschmid and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-06-04 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical FORTRAN is a college text, self-study guide, and reference about computer programming for numerical calculations. The book features a conversational, classroom-proven style that is easy to read and contains numerous case studies and examples. The author provides practical advice on program design, documentation, and coding style and unusu

Download or read book Introducing Fortran 95 written by Ian Chivers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing Fortran 95 contains: - Lots of clear and simple examples highlighting the language features - Details of a variety of internet based sources which will prove invaluable for those seeking further information and support - Key features of the latest version of Fortran, including ISO Technical Reports TR 15580 and TR 15581 This comprehensive introduction will be essential to the complete beginner who wants to learn the fundamentals of programming using a modern, powerful, expressive and safe language, and to those wanting to update their programming skills by making the move from earlier versions of Fortran. Ian Chivers and Jane Sleightholme are the joint owners of comp-fortran-90. Both authors have been involved in teaching and supporting Fortran and related areas for over 20 years.

Download or read book Introduction to FORTRAN written by Stephen C. Plumb and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary: A collection of 92 Pascal programs, spanning a variety of applications, has been analysed to see how the language is really used.

Download or read book Fortran 95 Language Guide written by Wilhelm Gehrke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fortran is one of the most widely used programming languages in science and engineering. Fortran 90 replaced the outmoded FORTRAN 77 in 1991 and this recent version of the International Standard enhances this version. It also includes several new features to ensure that Fortran continues to be aligned with High Performance Fortran (HPF) for parallel computer architectures. Fortran 95 Language Guide will serve as a language reference manual for programmers, provide teaching material for introductory courses in Fortran programming, and give help to experienced Fortran programmers migrating to the new standard. Gehrke has provided a comprehensive and easy-to-understand description of the Fortran 95 programming language as defined by the ISO, which will be welcomed by both practitioners and students alike.

Download or read book Guide to Fortran 2003 Programming written by Walter S. Brainerd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-11 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fortran has been the premier language for scientific computing since its introduction in 1957. Fortran originally was designed to allow programmers to evaluate for- las—FORmula TRANslation—easily on large computers. Fortran compilers are now available on all sizes of machines, from small desktop computers to huge multiproc- sors. The Guide to Fortran 2003 Programming is an informal, tutorial introduction to the most important features of Fortran 2003 (also known as Fortran 03), the latest standard version of Fortran. Fortran has many modern features that will assist the programmer in writing efficient, portable, and maintainable programs that are useful for everything from “hard science” to text processing. Target Audience This book is intended for anyone who wants to learn Fortran 03, including those fam- iar with programming language concepts but unfamiliar with Fortran. Experienced Fortran 95 programmers will be able to use this volume to assimilate quickly those f- tures in Fortran 03 that are not in Fortran 95 (Fortran 03 contains all of the features of Fortran 95). This guide is not a complete reference work for the entire Fortran l- guage; it covers the basic features needed to be a good Fortran programmer and an - troduction to the important new features of Fortran 03. Many older error-prone features have been omitted and some of the more esoteric features that are new to F- tran 03 also are not discussed.

Download or read book Computer Programming written by Marvin L. Stein and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer Programming: A Mixed Language Approach describes computer programming from a mixed language perspective. More specifically, it examines how to make effective use of the hardware and software aspects of the total system using the mixed languages that are a composite of the absolute machine languages and the more facile problem-oriented languages. In addition to the absolute machine language required by the computer "hardware" and the problem-oriented language provided by the "software" of symbolic assembly programs and compilers, a third kind of programming language is considered, namely, the symbolic machine language. Comprised of nine chapters, this book illustrates mixed language programming using Fortran and the Fortran Symbolic Assembly Program. The discussion begins by describing a modern digital computer and introducing the general theory of number systems. Subsequent chapters focus on the way in which computing machines are organized to perform their functions; how a computer executes the sequence of instructions and performs a given calculation, a process known as coding; and non-arithmetic instructions used on computers. Subroutines, input-output, and assembly of complete programs are also explored. The final chapter is devoted to Fortran and programs written completely in Fortran, as well as executive programs and programs in mixed languages. This monograph is intended for both professional programmers-to-be and non-professionals in computer programming.

Download or read book Computer Programming Languages in Practice written by C. A. Hofeditz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-21 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer Programming Languages in Practice provides an overview of various computer programming languages. The book begins with the fundamentals: what programs are; how they are planned and organized; what elements of the computer the programmer controls; flowcharting; and how computer data is organized. It then discusses material common to all languages, including the entry program, the compiler, the run-time system, syntax diagrams, and coding forms. The largest portion of this book is devoted to two very popular languages—BASIC and COBOL. It provides a brief history of the language's development and use; a description of how the programming system is organized; its major components, divisions of instructions, and a description of its instruction set (instruction-by-instruction); how a program is written, including a sample program; and a self-test, including exercises in which programming statements must be written. The final chapter discusses those languages which the reader is less likely to use but should know about. Included are descriptions of FORTRAN and RPG II.

Download or read book Introduction to Programming with Fortran written by Ian Chivers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-08 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction which will be essential to the complete beginner who wants to learn the fundamentals of programming using a modern, powerful and expressive language; as well as those wanting to update their programming skills by making the move from earlier versions of Fortran.

Download or read book Introduction to Programming with Fortran written by Ian Chivers and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-21 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth Edition presents new examples on submodules, derived type i/o, object oriented programming, abstract interfaces and procedure pointers, C interop, sorting and searching, statistics and converting to more modern versions of Fortran. Key Features Highlights the core language features of modern Fortran including data typing, array processing, control structures, functions, subroutines, modules and submodules, user defined types, pointers, operator overloading, generic programming, parallel programming, abstract interfaces, procedure pointers Pinpoints common problems that occur when programming Illustrates the use of several compilers Introduction to Programming with Fortran has been written for the complete beginner with little or no programming background as well as existing Fortran programmers and those with programming experience in other languages

Download or read book FORTRAN for Business Students written by Edley Wainright Martin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1981 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computing for Scientists written by R. J. Barlow and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1998-09-16 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategien zur Lösung wissenschaftlicher Probleme mittels Fortran 90 und C++ sind Thema dieses Buches. Behandelt werden Fragestellungen, denen sich Naturwissenschaftler im Alltag häufig gegenübersehen, wie Simulationen, Graphik, Datenanalyse und die Manipulation von Datenstrukturen. Den Autoren kommt es nicht darauf an, zu zeigen, wie man ein Problem codiert - sie zielen eher auf die Vermittlung allgemeingültiger Prinzipien ab. Mit zahlreichen Beispielen. (8/98)