Download or read book History of Programming Languages written by Richard L. Wexelblat and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-27 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History of Programming Languages presents information pertinent to the technical aspects of the language design and creation. This book provides an understanding of the processes of language design as related to the environment in which languages are developed and the knowledge base available to the originators. Organized into 14 sections encompassing 77 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the programming techniques to use to help the system produce efficient programs. This text then discusses how to use parentheses to help the system identify identical subexpressions within an expression and thereby eliminate their duplicate calculation. Other chapters consider FORTRAN programming techniques needed to produce optimum object programs. This book discusses as well the developments leading to ALGOL 60. The final chapter presents the biography of Adin D. Falkoff. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students, practitioners, historians, statisticians, mathematicians, programmers, as well as computer scientists and specialists.

Download or read book Report Naval Ship Research and Development Center written by David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Classical Fortran written by Michael Kupferschmid and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-01-14 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical FORTRAN: Programming for Engineering and Scientific Applications, Second Edition teaches how to write programs in the Classical dialect of FORTRAN, the original and still most widely recognized language for numerical computing. This edition retains the conversational style of the original, along with its simple, carefully chosen subset la

Download or read book A Basic Compiler for Automatic Coding Systems written by Gordon Thomas Uber and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Building IBM written by Emerson W. Pugh and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-01-23 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No company of the twentieth century achieved greater success and engendered more admiration, respect, envy, fear, and hatred than IBM. Building IBM tells the story of that company—how it was formed, how it grew, and how it shaped and dominated the information processing industry. Emerson Pugh presents substantial new material about the company in the period before 1945 as well as a new interpretation of the postwar era.Granted unrestricted access to IBM's archival records and with no constraints on the way he chose to treat the information they contained, Pugh dispels many widely held myths about IBM and its leaders and provides new insights on the origins and development of the computer industry.Pugh begins the story with Herman Hollerith's invention of punched-card machines used for tabulating the U.S. Census of 1890, showing how Hollerith's inventions and the business he established provided the primary basis for IBM. He tells why Hollerith merged his company in 1911 with two other companies to create the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, which changed its name in 1924 to International Business Machines. Thomas J. Watson, who was hired in 1914 to manage the merged companies, exhibited remarkable technological insight and leadership—in addition to his widely heralded salesmanship—to build Hollerith's business into a virtual monopoly of the rapidly growing punched-card equipment business. The fascinating inside story of the transfer of authority from the senior Watson to his older son, Thomas J. Watson Jr., and the company's rapid domination of the computer industry occupy the latter half of the book. In two final chapters, Pugh examines conditions and events of the 1970s and 1980s and identifies the underlying causes of the severe probems IBM experienced in the 1990s.

Download or read book It Began with Babbage written by Subrata Dasgupta and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-07 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a field, computer science occupies a unique scientific space, in that its subject matter can exist in both physical and abstract realms. An artifact such as software is both tangible and not, and must be classified as something in between, or "liminal." The study and production of liminal artifacts allows for creative possibilities that are, and have been, possible only in computer science. In It Began with Babbage, computer scientist and writer Subrata Dasgupta examines the distinct history of computer science in terms of its creative innovations, reaching back to Charles Babbage in 1819. Since all artifacts of computer science are conceived with a use in mind, the computer scientist is not concerned with the natural laws that govern disciplines like physics or chemistry; instead, the field is more concerned with the concept of purpose. This requirement lends itself to a type of creative thinking that, as Dasgupta shows us, has exhibited itself throughout the history of computer science. More than any other, computer science is the science of the artificial, and has a unique history to accompany its unique focus. The book traces a path from Babbage's Difference Engine in the early 19th century to the end of the 1960s by when a new academic discipline named "computer science" had come into being. Along the way we meet characters like Babbage and Ada Lovelace, Turing and von Neumann, Shannon and Chomsky, and a host of other people from a variety of backgrounds who collectively created this new science of the artificial. And in the end, we see how and why computer science acquired a nature and history all of its own.

Download or read book A Thermal Problem Associated with Underground Storage of Radioactive Wastes written by Julian Crowell and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Framework of Software Measurement written by Horst Zuse and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-02-06 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Content Description #Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Download or read book Getting to Know Hopscotch written by Patricia Harris Ph.D. and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2018-12-15 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hopscotch is a block programming language designed for the Apple iPad and iPhone that makes learning about code accessible, exciting, and fun. Because coders drag blocks of code to write programs, they can learn the major concepts of coding without having to struggle with the syntax, special vocabulary, or even the typing of text required in text-based languages. In this instructive resource, coders will learn how to create drawings, simple animations, or games they can share with others, and they can have fun doing it.

Download or read book Software Measurement written by Reiner Dumke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Software developers are faced with the challenge of making software systems and products of ever greater quality and safety, while at the same time being faced with the growing pressure of costs reduction in order to gain and maintain competitive advantages. As in any scientific and engineering discipline, reliable measurement is essential for talking on such a challenge. "Software measurement is an excellent abstraction mechanism for learning what works and what doesn't" (Victor Basili). Measurement of both software process and products provides a large amount of basic information for the evaluation of the software development processes or the software products themselves. Examples of recent successes in software measurement span multiple areas, such as evaluation of new development methods and paradigms, quality and management improvement programs, tool-supporting initiatives and company wide measurement programs. The German Computer Science Interest (GI) Group of Software Metrics and the Canadian Interest Group in Software Metrics (CIM) have attended to these concerns in the recent years. Research initiatives were directed initially to the definition of software metrics and then to validation of the software metrics themselves. This was followed by more and more investigation into practical applications of software metrics and by critical analysis of the benefits and weaknesses of software measurement programs. Key findings in this area of software engineering have been published in some important books, such as Dumke and Zuse's Theory and Practice of Software Measurement, Ebert and Dumke's Software Metrics in Practice and Lehner, Dumke and Abran's Software Metrics.

Download or read book Computer History Notes Herong s Tutorial Notes written by Herong Yang and published by HerongYang.com. This book was released on 2020-12-20 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of notes on computer history. Topics include: 1957: FORTRAN Language by IBM; 1970: UNIX OS by AT&T Bell Labs; 1971: FTP by Abhay Bhushan; 1972: C Language by Dennis Ritchie; 1976: vi Editor by Bill Joy; 1977: Apple II by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak; 1977: The Bourne Shell by Stephen Bourne; 1978: The C Shell by Bill Joy; 1983: 'Sendmail' by Eric Allman; 1984: Macintosh by Apple Inc.; 1984: X Window System by a MIT Team; 1991: WWW by Tim Berners-Lee; 1991: Gopher by a University of Minnesota Team; 1995: Java Developed by Sun Microsystems; 1995: PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf; 2002: .NET by Microsoft. Updated in 2022 (Version v3.13) with minor changes. For latest updates and free sample chapters, visit https://www.herongyang.com/Computer-History.

Download or read book A Science of Operations written by Mark Priestley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-14 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, computers fulfil a dazzling array of roles, a flexibility resulting from the great range of programs that can be run on them. A Science of Operations examines the history of what we now call programming, defined not simply as computer programming, but more broadly as the definition of the steps involved in computations and other information-processing activities. This unique perspective highlights how the history of programming is distinct from the history of the computer, despite the close relationship between the two in the 20th century. The book also discusses how the development of programming languages is related to disparate fields which attempted to give a mechanical account of language on the one hand, and a linguistic account of machines on the other. Topics and features: Covers the early development of automatic computing, including Babbage’s “mechanical calculating engines” and the applications of punched-card technology, examines the theoretical work of mathematical logicians such as Kleene, Church, Post and Turing, and the machines built by Zuse and Aiken in the 1930s and 1940s, discusses the role that logic played in the development of the stored program computer, describes the “standard model” of machine-code programming popularised by Maurice Wilkes, presents the complete table for the universal Turing machine in the Appendices, investigates the rise of the initiatives aimed at developing higher-level programming nota tions, and how these came to be thought of as ‘languages’ that could be studied independently of a machine, examines the importance of the Algol 60 language, and the framework it provided for studying the design of programming languages and the process of software development and explores the early development of object-oriented languages, with a focus on the Smalltalk project. This fascinating text offers a new viewpoint for historians of science and technology, as well as for the general reader. The historical narrative builds the story in a clear and logical fashion, roughly following chronological order.

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Code Nation written by Michael J. Halvorson and published by Morgan & Claypool. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Code Nation explores the rise of software development as a social, cultural, and technical phenomenon in American history. The movement germinated in government and university labs during the 1950s, gained momentum through corporate and counterculture experiments in the 1960s and 1970s, and became a broad-based computer literacy movement in the 1980s. As personal computing came to the fore, learning to program was transformed by a groundswell of popular enthusiasm, exciting new platforms, and an array of commercial practices that have been further amplified by distributed computing and the Internet. The resulting society can be depicted as a “Code Nation”—a globally-connected world that is saturated with computer technology and enchanted by software and its creation. Code Nation is a new history of personal computing that emphasizes the technical and business challenges that software developers faced when building applications for CP/M, MS-DOS, UNIX, Microsoft Windows, the Apple Macintosh, and other emerging platforms. It is a popular history of computing that explores the experiences of novice computer users, tinkerers, hackers, and power users, as well as the ideals and aspirations of leading computer scientists, engineers, educators, and entrepreneurs. Computer book and magazine publishers also played important, if overlooked, roles in the diffusion of new technical skills, and this book highlights their creative work and influence. Code Nation offers a “behind-the-scenes” look at application and operating-system programming practices, the diversity of historic computer languages, the rise of user communities, early attempts to market PC software, and the origins of “enterprise” computing systems. Code samples and over 80 historic photographs support the text. The book concludes with an assessment of contemporary efforts to teach computational thinking to young people.

Download or read book MDA Distilled written by Stephen J. Mellor and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 2004 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A readable and much needed introduction to MDA." --Dr. Jim Arlow, coauthor of UML and the Unified Process (Addison-Wesley, 2002) and Enterprise Patterns and MDA (Addison-Wesley, 2004) "This book provides an excellent introduction to the ideas and technologies that will form the foundation of the model-driven architecture over the coming years. I recommend it wholeheartedly." --Dr. Andy Evans, Managing Director, Xactium Limited, UK "Excellent job of distilling MDA down to its core concepts." --Krzysztof Czarnecki, Univeristy of Waterloo, coauthor of Generative Programming (Addison-Wesley, 2000) As systems have grown more crucial to the operations of organizations worldwide, so too have the costs associated with building and maintaining them. Enter model-driven architecture (MDA), a standard framework from the Object Management Group (OMG) that allows developers to link object models together to build complete systems. MDA prevents design decisions from being intertwined with the application and keeps it independent of its implementation. The result is an application that can be combined with other technologies as well as other applications, and models that become highly reusable assets. MDA Distilled is an accessible introduction to the MDA standard and its tools and technologies. The book describes the fundamental features of MDA, how they fit together, and how you can use them in your organization today. You will also learn how to define a model-driven process for a project involving multiple platforms, implement that process, and then test the resulting system. MDA Distilled will help you understand: The MDA framework, including the platform-independent model (PIM) and the platform-specific model (PSM) The Meta Object Facility (MOF)--the OMG's adopted standard for metamodeling Horizontal, vertical, and merging mappings between models Building marks and marking models Elaborating models, including viewing generated models, and managing manual changes Building executable models with Executable UML Agile MDA development Developers and architects can dramatically improve productivity, portability, interoperability, and maintenance with MDA. Find out how with this essential reference, and quickly learn how to harness the significant power of this new framework.

Download or read book Plasticity written by E. H. Lee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasticity documents the proceedings of the Second Symposium on Naval Structural Mechanics held at Brown University, Rhode Island, 5-7 April 1960. It was sponsored jointly by the Office of Naval Research of the U.S. Navy and Brown University. The symposium was devoted to plasticity. The intention was to provide critical reviews of recent developments in certain areas of plasticity of particular current interest and importance, and to supplement these with short accounts of related current research work. The papers presented at the symposium covered the following areas: atomic theory of plastic flow and fracture; stress-strain relations including thermoplasticity and creep; basic theory including stability and uniqueness; boundary value problems including plates and shells; dynamic loading and plastic waves; and developments in design. Two talks were also held for the purpose of reviewing the present status of application of plasticity in design of naval vessels. The symposium was opened by Captain J. C. Myers on behalf of the Office of Naval Research and by Professor W. Prager on behalf of Brown University. Professor Prager closed the symposium by presenting a brief resume of the main accomplishments and trends in plasticity brought to light during the symposium.

Download or read book History of Computing in the Twentieth Century written by Nicholas Metropolis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History of Computing in the Twentieth Century