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Book Preparation and Characterization of Formaldehyde Free Wood Adhesives from Oil Palm Elaeis guineensis Fronds Lignin Penerbit USM

Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Formaldehyde Free Wood Adhesives from Oil Palm Elaeis guineensis Fronds Lignin Penerbit USM written by Mohd. Hazwan Hussin and published by Penerbit USM. This book was released on with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenol formaldehyde (PF) is one of the widely used wood adhesives in the wood industry. The raw materials in the production of phenol formaldehyde resin are petroleum-derived and formaldehyde-based materials which corresponds to public health issues, environmental problems and non-economical costing. In recent years, the increasing price of petrochemical due to energy shortage and environmental problems such as global warming and climate change as results from the burning of fossil fuels have been brought to great public attention. Public health issues related to the emission of formaldehyde-based adhesives in most buildings and constructions, have also been given notice. Thus, lignin phenol glyoxal (LPG) wood adhesives have been formulated by partially replacing phenol with Kraft and organosolv lignins at varying weight percentages. Results showed that 50 % organosolv LPG (OLPG) resin may cure as a stronger, natural, green, cost-effective and sustainable wood adhesive to replace PF resin in the wood industry.

Book Phenolic Resins Technology Handbook 2nd Revised Edition

Download or read book Phenolic Resins Technology Handbook 2nd Revised Edition written by NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers and published by NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES. This book was released on 2019-03-03 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenolic resins, also known as phenol–formaldehyde resins, are synthetic polymers that are produced from the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde at high temperatures. These are widely used in wood adhesives, molding compounds, and laminates. The resins are flame-retardant, demonstrate high heat resistance, high tensile strength, and low toxicity, and generate low smoke. In the report, the phenolic resins market is segmented on the basis of product type, application, and region. Phenolic Resin Market size estimated to reach at USD 19.13 billion in 2026. Alongside, the market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 5.4% during the forecast period. The global phenolic resins market has experienced a notable growth and it has been projected that the global market will see stable growth during the forecast period. The high mechanical strengths, low toxicity, heat resistance, low smoke and other several properties has made the phenolic resins to make their use in the applications such as in laminations, wood adhesives, molding compound, construction, automobile and others. Growing demand of these applications has increased the production of phenolic resins to meet the current market demand. Also, phenolic resins is used in flame retardant which is very crucial for automobiles and aircrafts. This book basically deals with general reaction of phenols with aldehydes, the resoles, curing stages of resoles, kinetics of a stage reaction, chemistry of curing reactions, kinetics of the curing reaction, the novolacs, decomposition products of resites, acid cured resites, composition of technical resites, mechanisms of rubber vulcanization with phenolic resins, thermosetting alloy adhesives, vinyl phenolic structural adhesives, nitrile phenolic structural adhesives, phenolic resins in contact adhesives, chloroprene phenolic contact adhesives, nitrile phenolic contact adhesives, phenolic resins in pressure sensitive adhesives, rubber reinforcing resins, resorcinol formaldehyde latex systems, phenolic resin chemistry, bio-based phenolic resins, flexibilization of phenolic resins, floral foam (Phenolic Foam) with resin manufacturing, lignin-based phenol formaldehyde (LPF) resins, phenol formaldehyde resin, alkaline phenol formaldehyde resin, furfuryl alcohol phenol urea formaldehyde resin, phenol formaldehyde resin (Shell Sand Resin), phenol formaldehyde resin (Cold Box Resin), effluent treatment plant, standards and legislation, marketing of thermoset resins, process flow sheet, sample plant layout and photographs of machinery with supplier’s contact details. A total guide of phenolic resins and entrepreneurial success in one of today's most lucrative resin industry. This book is one-stop guide to one of the fastest growing sectors, where opportunities abound for manufacturers, retailers, and entrepreneurs. This is the only complete handbook on Phenolic resins.

Book Conversion of Lignin into Bio Based Chemicals and Materials

Download or read book Conversion of Lignin into Bio Based Chemicals and Materials written by Chunbao Xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of various types of lignin and their unique structures and properties, as well as utilizations of crude or modified technical lignin for high-value bioproducts such as lignin-based PF resins/adhesives, epoxy resins, PF foams, PU foams, rubber reinforcement and carbon fibers and as dispersants in drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry. It subsequently discusses various thermal/chemical modification techniques (pyrolysis, direct liquefaction and de-polymerization) for converting lignin into oils and chemical feedstocks, and the utilization of crude lignin, lignin-derived oils or depolymerized lignins (DLs) of reduced molecular weights and improved reactivity to produce lignin-based PF resins/adhesives, PF/PU foams and epoxy resins. The book will interest and benefit a broad readership (graduate students, academic researchers, industrial researchers and practitioners) in various fields of science and technology (chemical engineering, biotechnology, chemistry, material science, forestry, etc.). Chunbao (Charles) Xu, PhD, is currently a Professor of Chemical Engineering and NSERC/FPInnovations Industrial Research Chair in Forest Biorefinery at the University of Western Ontario, Canada. Fatemeh Ferdosian, PhD, is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Waterloo, Canada.

Book Wood Adhesives

Download or read book Wood Adhesives written by Antonio Pizzi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood adhesives are of tremendous industrial importance, as more than two-thirds of wood products in the world today are completely or partially bonded together using a variety of adhesives. Adhesive bonding offers many advantages over other joining methods for wood components, and there has been a great deal of R& D activity in devising new wood adhesives or improving the existing ones. The modern mantra in all industrial sectors is: "think green, go green," which has attracted much attention in the wood adhesive industry. Therefore, there is also a lot of research activity in synthesizing environmentally benign and human-friendly wood adhesives. This book is divided into four parts: Part 1: Fundamental Adhesion Aspects in Wood Bonding; Part 2: Synthetic Adhesives; Part 3: Environment-friendly adhesives; and Part 4: Wood Welding and General Paper. It addresses many different types of wood adhesives, as well as bonding (welding) of wood components without adhesives, a more recent development. The information contained in this book is valuable for individuals engaged in all aspects of wood adhesion and adhesives and, hopefully, will inspire new ideas in wood adhesives, a topic of vital industrial importance.

Book Phenolic Resins A Century of Progress

Download or read book Phenolic Resins A Century of Progress written by Louis Pilato and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legacy of Leo Hendrik Baekeland and his development of phenol formal- hyde resins are recognized as the cornerstone of the Plastics Industry in the early twentieth century, and phenolic resins continue to ?ourish after a century of robust growth. On July 13, 1907, Baekeland ?led his “heat and pressure” patent related to the processing of phenol formaldehyde resins and identi?ed their unique utility in a plethora of applications. The year 2010 marks the Centennial Year of the prod- tion of phenolic resins by Leo Baekeland. In 1910, Baekeland formed Bakelite GmbH and launched the manufacture of phenolic resins in Erkner in May 1910. In October 1910, General Bakelite began producing resins in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Lastly, Baekeland collaborated with Dr. Takamine to manufacture phenolic resins in Japan in 1911. These events were instrumental in establishing the Plastics Industry and in tracing the identity to the brilliance of Dr. Leo Baekeland. Phenolic resins remain as a versatile resin system featuring either a stable, thermoplastic novolak composition that cures with a latent source of formaldehyde (hexa) or a heat reactive and perishable resole composition that cures thermally or under acidic or special basic conditions. Phenolic resins are a very large volume resin system with a worldwide volume in excess of 5 million tons/year, and its growth is related to the gross national product (GNP) growth rate globally.

Book Phenolic Resins

Download or read book Phenolic Resins written by Andre Knop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications

Download or read book Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications written by Johannes Karl Fink and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reactive Polymers: Fundamentals and Applications: A Concise Guide to Industrial Polymers, Third Edition introduces engineers and scientists to a range of reactive polymers and then details their applications and performance benefits. Basic principles and industrial processes are described for each class of reactive resin (thermoset), as well as additives, the curing process, applications and uses. The initial chapters are devoted to individual resin types (e.g., epoxides, cyanacrylates), followed by more general chapters on topics such as reactive extrusion and dental applications. Injection molding of reactive polymers, radiation curing, thermosetting elastomers, and reactive extrusion equipment are covered as well. The use of reactive polymers enables manufacturers to make chemical changes at a late stage in the production process, which, in turn, cause changes in performance and properties. Material selection and control of the reaction are essential to achieve optimal performance. Material new to this edition includes the most recent developments, applications and commercial products for each chemical class of thermosets, as well as sections on fabrication methods, reactive biopolymers, recycling of reactive polymers and case studies. Covers the basics and most recent developments, including reactive biopolymers, recycling of reactive polymers, nanocomposites and fluorosilicones Offers an indispensable guide for engineers and advanced students alike Provides extensive literature and patent review Reflects a thorough review of all literature published in this area since 2014 Features revised and updated chapters to reflect the latest research in reactive polymers

Book Selected Investigations Into the Chemistry and Utilization of Biomass Lignins

Download or read book Selected Investigations Into the Chemistry and Utilization of Biomass Lignins written by Douglas J. Gardner and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The utilization of lignins as a chemical feedstock for use as a full or partial replacement in synthetic polymers requires an understanding of the chemical properties of lignins. Woody biomass conversion processes, such as steam explosion, offer new sources of lignin which will need to be utilized to improve the economic viability of biomass conversion processes. In this study, various lignins were characterized by several pyrolytic methods, and comparisons were made between lignin thermal decomposition and lignin condensation as determined by nitrobenzene oxidation. Commercially available pine Kraft lignin from a pulping process and mixed hardwood lignin from the steam explosion process were further characterized as to their rate of reactivity with formaldehyde for possible use as feedstocks in combination with phenol-formaldehyde resin-adhesives. Finally, steam-exploded lignin was formulated as a partial replacement for phenol in a southern pine plywood resin adhesive, and its efficacy was evaluated by the manufacture of southern pine plywood. Pyrolytic methods were found to be simple and adequate for determining the extent of lignin condensation. The formaldehyde reactivity of lignins was found to be useful as a measure of lignin's potential for use in phenol-formaldehyde resins. Steam-exploded lignin-based adhesives produced satisfactory adhesive bonds in southern pine plywood, but lignin replacement levels were limited to 30 percent. The steam-exploded lignin adhesives were more sensitive to different assembly times than conventional phenol-formaldehyde resin-adhesives.

Book Economics of Bioresources

Download or read book Economics of Bioresources written by Yoram Krozer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-14 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fundamental book provides a cross-sectoral, multi-disciplinary view on the biobased economy. It explains opportunities for the value-adding production and use of bioresources, while also discussing the main drivers and obstacles involved. The book is divided into three major parts, the first of which introduces readers to the basics of bioresource economics and engineering. In terms of economics, it discusses decision-making from the policy, producer, investor, and citizen perspectives; in terms of engineering, it addresses key technologies and the processing of bioresources, as well as the development of biorefineries for high-value products on large and small scales. In turn, the book’s second part presents cases focused on different types of energy use, and written by practitioners. The cases illustrate the businesses and technologies involved, as well as the roles of citizens, social organisations and policies. The book’s third and last part highlights opportunities in sustainable agriculture, valuable industrial products and innovative services, while also outlining key conditions for success. Written by a team of scholars and practitioners from various engineering, natural-science and social-science disciplines, the book is primarily intended for undergraduate and graduate students, and for practitioners in business and policy who wish to explore the sustainable production and use of bioresources. All theoretical issues are explained with the aid of real-world examples, making the content highly accessible.

Book Natural Polyphenols from Wood

Download or read book Natural Polyphenols from Wood written by Kun Cheng and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Polyphenols from Wood: Tannin and Lignin – An Industrial Perspective is a detailed guide to the sourcing and processing of tannin and lignin for valuable advanced applications across areas such as fuels, chemicals, drugs, and food. Drawing on the latest academic research and patent literature, this book provides strong practical understanding of the use of these valuable materials in novel industrial applications. This book introduces natural polyphenols from wood and the fundamental aspects of carbon management within the tree. In-depth presentation of extraction and characterization methods is followed by an extensive coverage of practical and industrial applications of wood polyphenols. This is an essential resource for researchers and advanced students working with lignin or tannin, and across biopolymer science, biomass, wood chemistry, paper, wood adhesives, polymer materials, renewable resources, and biotechnology. It also supports industrial R&D and scientists working with wood polyphenols or bio-based polymers. This book re-evaluates wood polyphenols from an industrial perspective, revealing the latest techniques and drawing on patent literature. It addresses fundamental issues of wood polyphenols, such as carbon cycle, wood fractionation, structure, and properties. It offers a comprehensive review of practical applications, including lignin depolymerization, wood reconstruction, fuels, chemicals, drugs, and food.

Book SERBEP

Download or read book SERBEP written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Functional Materials from Lignin

Download or read book Functional Materials from Lignin written by Xian Jun Loh and published by World Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignin is one of the most abundant plant-derived feedstock on earth and qualifies as a renewable material. However, lignin is widely recognized as waste byproduct of the cellulosic ethanol and pulp and paper industry. How to properly modify lignin and develop it into functional polymers is a huge challenge, but an attractive research topic in both industry and academia. This book brings together leading engineering approaches to address the challenges of lignin valorization. It presents the chemistry and properties of different types of lignin, and explores the cutting-edge approaches of lignin modifications. Unlike any existing texts, this book not only summarizes the traditional ways of using lignin, but also presents various potential applications of lignin materials together with advanced processing techniques. The basis of lignin (its chemistry, types and properties) is described, as are different approaches to modify it. The features of lignin and its copolymers are explored and aligned with their potential applications. In addition to the carbon materials from lignin, the advanced fabrication approaches to engineer lignin-based micro/nano-structural materials are summarized.

Book Advances in Structural Adhesive Bonding

Download or read book Advances in Structural Adhesive Bonding written by David A. Dillard and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-06-10 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Structural Adhesive Bonding, Second Edition reviews developments in adhesive bonding for a range of advanced structural engineering applications. This new edition has been fully revised to include the latest advances in materials, testing and modeling methods, lifecycle considerations, and industrial implementation. Sections review advances in commonly used groups of structural adhesives, covering epoxy, acrylic, anaerobic and cyanoacrylate, polyurethane, and silicone adhesives, along with toughening. Other chapters cover various types of adherends and pre-treatment methods for structural materials, including metals, plastics, composites, wood and joint design and testing, including topics such as fracture mechanics, life prediction techniques, and advanced testing methods. This is a valuable guide for all those working with structural adhesives, including those in an industrial setting, adhesive specialists, structural engineers, design engineers, R&D professionals, and scientists, as well as academic researchers and advanced students in adhesives, joining technology, materials science and mechanical engineering. Provides detailed coverage on the main adhesive groups, including epoxy, acrylic, cyanoacrylate, polyurethane and silicone adhesives Includes the latest developments across adherends, pre-treatment methods, joint design and testing, durability and lifecycle related issues Addresses environmental challenges, adhesive specification, quality control, and risk mitigation for specific industrial application areas