Download or read book Formation of Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Diesel Particulate Filters Laboratory Experiments and Test bench Measurements written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present dissertation investigated the interaction of soot-adsorbed PAH with NO2 both in laboratory model systems and in real diesel engines exhaust. Scope of the experiments was to explain to which extent modern diesel particulate filters (DPFs) could support the formation of highly toxic and mutagenic nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAH) by nitration of pre-existing PAH. Results demonstrated that NPAH formation is possible and actually occurs depending on the operating conditions. In addition, the use of biofuels in different vehicles was investigated with respect to the effects on NPAH emission. In an EURO V truck and in an EURO V diesel car, NPAH concentrations in the exhaust were not significantly different from those of fossil fuel. In an EURO V otto-cycle car and an the EU III A tractor, emissions from biofuels were sensibly lower.

Download or read book Side reactions in diesel particulate filters written by Matteo Carrara and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2011 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel particulate matter is widely considered as a possible human carcinogen. Several classes of organic components such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons can adsorb on the soot surface. Although diesel particulate filters (DPFs) have been designed and implemented to reduce these and other harmful diesel emissions, the particle loaded filters may act as a rection chamber for side reactions whose products could possibly offset the positive effects of the DPF itself. Scope of the present dissertation was to explain to which extent modern DPFs could support the formation of highly toxic and mutagenic NPAHs by nitration of pre-existing PAHs. In addition, the use of biofuels and biofuel blends in different vehicles was investigated with respect to the effects on NPAHs emission.

Download or read book Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Lisa C. Bosch and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Diesel Fuel Aromatics on Particulate PAH and Nitro PAH Emissions written by Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology. Efficiency and Alternative Energy Technology Branch and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Diesel Particulate Extracts for Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography with Selective Detection written by Robert Richard Daly and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Atmospheric Chemistry of Particulate bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Narumol Jariyasopit and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The trans-Pacific atmospheric transport of particulate matter (PM)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to remote sites in western North America has been well documented and has triggered research questions regarding to atmospheric transformation of PM-bound PAHs and the potential impacts on human health from their inhalation exposure. In this dissertation, field measurements, theoretical studies, laboratory experiments, and mutagenicity studies were used to begin the address the questions as to whether PM-bound PAHs undergo atmospheric transformation into mutagenic nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) during trans-Pacific atmospheric transport. PM extracts were tested in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay, using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 (with and without metabolic activation), to determine the mutagenic activities in relation to the chemical composition of the extracts. The sampling of atmospheric PM with diameter

Download or read book Diesel Particulate Filter Technology written by Timothy V Johnson and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2007-03-28 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, the complexity of the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) system has hindered its commercial success. Stringent regulations of diesel emissions has lead to advancements in this technology, therefore mainstreaming the use of DPFs in light- and heavy-duty diesel filtration applications. This book covers the latest and most important research in DPF systems, focusing mainly on the advancements of the years 2002-2006. Editor Timothy V. Johnson selected the top 29 SAE papers covering the most significant research in this technology.

Download or read book Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Marcus Cooke and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Marcus Cooke and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of Nitro organic Compounds in Diesel Engine Exhaust written by John Dane and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory upgraded its ReFUEL engine and vehicle testing facility to speciate unregulated gas-phase emissions. To complement this capability, the laboratory contracted with the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) to study the effects of soy biodiesel fuel and a diesel particle filter (DPF) on emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAH). CSM developed procedures to sample diesel particulate matter (PM) emissions from raw and diluted exhaust, with and without a DPF. They also developed improved procedures for extracting PAH and NPAH from the PM and quantifying them with a gas chromatograph-electron monochromator mass spectrometer. The study found the DPF generally reduced PAH emissions by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude. PAH conversion was lowest for B100, suggesting that PAHs were forming in the DPF. Orders of magnitude reductions were also found for NPAH emissions exiting the DPF.

Download or read book Analysis of Nitrated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons PAH quinones and Related Compounds in Ambient Air written by Yalan Wang and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies were conducted to characterized airborne particulate extractable organic matter (EOM) with respect to chemical composition and biological activity. It has been well established that the nitrated polycyclic hydrocarbons (nitroPAH) are environmental contaminants. To identify nitro-PAH in ambient air sample, a technique was developed involving introduction of a reducer column into an reversephase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Strong fluorescence signals were achieved from nitro-PAH and detected together with u.v. signals for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of nitro-PAH. 2-Nitrotriptycene was synthesized according to published procedures and used as an internal standard. By use of the above technique, 9nitroanthracene, 1-nitropyrene, 7 -nitrobenz (a) anthracene, 6-nitrochrysene and 6-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene were detected in NBS diesel particulate sample. PAH-quinones may be formed from the appropriate PAH's by their photochemical oxidation in the atmosphere. In this study, an analytical method for the identification of PAH-quinones in airborne particulates was developed. The same HPLC system was employed as that for nitro-PAH. 3,6BaP-dione and 7,8-BaP-dione were identified in both CYC extract and DCM extract of an ambient air sample by using the analytical method developed. Since hydroxynitropyrenes have been identified as making a significant contribution to the mutagenicity of airborne particulate matter, this prompted us to investigate one such compound, 1nitropyren-2-ol. This compound was synthesized according to published procedures. 1-Nitropyren2-ol was detected in one of the ambient air samples and in an NBS diesel particulate sample by using our reverse-phase HPLC system monitoring at 546 nm. To provide more data for estimating the photochemical products of 1nitropyrene, the filters coated with 1nitropyrene were exposed either to sunlight or to u.v. light. The breakdown products were analyzed using HPLC. No 1-nitropyren-2-ol was found in the filters exposed in both ways. Further work is needed to identify the breakdown products.

Download or read book Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Kefa Karimu Onchoke and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Experimental and theoretical methods were used to study the structure, and spectroscopic properties of carcinogenic nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Structure-function and structure-spectroscopy correlations were examined. Initial investigations focused on the relationships between the orientation of the nitro group relative to the plane of the aromatic ring, vis-a-vis known mutagenic effects. Synthesis of specific isomers of nitro-PAHs and elucidation of their crystal structure is required to establish the validity of the structure-function relationships. Such studies are scarce. Fortunately, electronic structure calculations can be readily done. We used density functional theory calculations to predict structures of 1-, 2-nitronaphthalenes, 1-, 2-, 9-nitroanthracenes, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 9-nitrophenanthrenes, 1-, 2-, 4-nitropyrenes, 6-nitrochrysene, 1-, 3- and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes. In accord with other studies, we showed that the mutagenic ability of one nitro-PAH isomer over another in the same ring may be predicted from its dihedral angle. However, 1-, 2- and 4-nitropyrene with calculated C-C-N-O angles of ~23°, 0° and 26°, respectively, presented contradictory results. We suggest that the nitrated pyrenes undergo different enzymatic reduction routes when interlocking to enzymes. For further insights into structure-function and structure-spectroscopy correlations, 1-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene were synthesized. Detailed infrared and Raman spectroscopic data of BaP, and its three mononitrated isomers are provided for the first time. By utilizing B3LYP/6-311+G**, the molecular geometries and the vibrational spectra was calculated. Good agreement between calculated and experimental geometry for BaP was noted, and predictions of the vibrational data for all compounds were within ~5 cm−1 of the experimental data. [nu]sNO2/[nu]asNO2 assignments are proposed. The geometrical distortions of the BaP structure upon nitro group substitution and correlations between structural parameters and vibrational data, and structure-function relationships related to the mutagenicity are discussed. The profound influence and electronic effects of the nitro group was shown to correlate to quantum yield ([phi]f) trends. Nitro-PAHs whose nitro group was non-planar to the aromatic plane exhibited higher quantum yields, and showed absorption bands similar to the parent PAH. UV-Vis absorption bands of the singlet excitation states were assigned via TDDFT, and the [pi]PAH ring [right arrow] [pi]PAH ring excitations mainly predominated in nitro-PAHs with a non-planar nitro group.

Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds PAC in Diesel Fuel and Exhaust Emissions written by Hang Li and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Particle Filter Retrofit for All Diesel Engines written by Andreas Mayer and published by expert verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Marcus Cooke and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of Sulfate Nanoparticulate Formation for a Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter on an Engine Fueled with Ultre Low Sulfur Diesel and a Biodiesel Blend written by Suncica (Susan). Kapetanovic and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An off-road direct injection diesel engine equipped with a continuous-regeneration diesel particulate filter (DPF) was subject to two sets of experiments in which two fuels, ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and 20 vol. % biodiesel blend (B20) were compared. In the first set of experiments lubricant oil consumption was measured by sulfur tracing. Results revealed a suggestive trend but not statistical confirmation of greater lubricant oil consumption with B20 fuel blend. In the second set of experiments nanoparticle formation downstream of the DPF was assessed. It was found that number concentration of nanoparticles released from the catalyzed DPF depends on fuel type and on engine operating condition and hence the onset of filter regeneration. For low soot loading times B20 fueling produces lower number concentrations, whereas longer soot loading times produce lower number concentrations with ULSD fueling.