Download or read book Formation of Authigenic Minerals During Microbial Degradation in Artificial Marine Media written by Matthew Albert Henry Joss and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I have conducted incubation experiments exploring microbial degradation of organic matter within an artificial sediment designed to simulate an organic-rich siliciclastic marine sediment. Central questions to my research include: 1) How does the presence of dissolved iron influence the degradation and/or protection of organic matter within sediments? 2) How does dissolved iron influence the development of authigenic minerals? 3) How do microbial metabolisms affect dissolved iron concentrations and authigenic mineral precipitation? My experimental system consisted of dead cyanobacterial cells that were mixed with acid-washed glass beads, thereby making an artificial sediment essentially free of contaminants. This material was deposited into incubation cultures with artificial marine liquid media with varying concentrations of dissolved Fe(III). The cultures were exposed either to a natural sediment community or to the iron-reducing facultative anaerobe Shewanella Putrefaciens, in oxia or in anoxia. These cultures were compared against controls that contained no living microbes. The liquid media had varying initial concentrations of dissolved iron. For cultures with initially 0.2 mg/L of dissolved Fe(III) or no initial dissolved Fe(III), I measure the extent of degradation through loss on ignition gravimetry after 40 days of incubation. I also measured pH levels, dissolved Fe(II), and total Fe over a period of 60 days. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to identify mineralized organic particles and mineral grains within subsamples of the living cultures. In contrast, the sterile controls had no recognizable mineralization present. Finally, X-ray diffraction spectra were obtained for sediment subsamples of cultures with initial iron concentrations of 0.1 mg/L, revealing spectral peaks indicative of small amounts of authigenic mineral structure present within the oxic living cultures. Iron is identified as a key component of many mineralized structures within the living samples, particularly in the anoxic samples, with iron rich particles usually being mostly amorphous. It is possible that longer incubation times would increase the extent of mineralization and produce divergent rates of organic matter protection and degradation.
Download or read book Authigenic Mineral Formation in the Marine Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Geobiology written by Joachim Reitner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-03-10 with total page 927 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interplay between Geology and Biology has shaped the Earth from the early Precambrian, 4 billion years ago. Moving beyond the borders of the classical core disciplines, Geobiology strives to identify chains of cause-and-effect and synergisms between the geo- and the biospheres that have been driving the evolution of life in modern and ancient environments. Combining modern methods, geobiological information can be extracted not only from visible remains of organisms, but also from organic molecules, rock fabrics, minerals, isotopes and other tracers. An understanding of these processes and their signatures reveals enormous applied potentials with respect to issues of environment protection, public health, energy and resource management. The Encyclopedia of Geobiology has been designed to act as a key reference for students, researchers, teachers, and the informed public and to provide basic, but comprehensible knowledge on this rapidly expanding discipline that sits at the interface between modern geo- and biosciences.
Download or read book Size Limits of Very Small Microorganisms written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-13 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How small can a free-living organism be? On the surface, this question is straightforward-in principle, the smallest cells can be identified and measured. But understanding what factors determine this lower limit, and addressing the host of other questions that follow on from this knowledge, require a fundamental understanding of the chemistry and ecology of cellular life. The recent report of evidence for life in a martian meteorite and the prospect of searching for biological signatures in intelligently chosen samples from Mars and elsewhere bring a new immediacy to such questions. How do we recognize the morphological or chemical remnants of life in rocks deposited 4 billion years ago on another planet? Are the empirical limits on cell size identified by observation on Earth applicable to life wherever it may occur, or is minimum size a function of the particular chemistry of an individual planetary surface? These questions formed the focus of a workshop on the size limits of very small organisms, organized by the Steering .Group for the Workshop on Size Limits of Very Small Microorganisms and held on October 22 and 23, 1998. Eighteen invited panelists, representing fields ranging from cell biology and molecular genetics to paleontology and mineralogy, joined with an almost equal number of other participants in a wide-ranging exploration of minimum cell size and the challenge of interpreting micro- and nano-scale features of sedimentary rocks found on Earth or elsewhere in the solar system. This document contains the proceedings of that workshop. It includes position papers presented by the individual panelists, arranged by panel, along with a summary, for each of the four sessions, of extensive roundtable discussions that involved the panelists as well as other workshop participants.
Download or read book Introduction to Geomicrobiology written by Kurt O. Konhauser and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Geomicrobiology is a timely and comprehensive overview of how microbial life has affected Earth’s environment through time. It shows how the ubiquity of microorganisms, their high chemical reactivity, and their metabolic diversity make them a significant factor controlling the chemical composition of our planet. The following topics are covered: how microorganisms are classified, the physical constraints governing their growth, molecular approaches to studying microbial diversity, and life in extreme environments bioenergetics, microbial metabolic capabilities, and major biogeochemical pathways chemical reactivity of the cell surface, metal sorption, and the microbial role in contaminant mobility and bioremediation/biorecovery microbiological mineral formation and fossilization the function of microorganisms in mineral dissolution and oxidation, and the industrial and environmental ramifications of these processes elemental cycling in biofilms, formation of microbialites, and sediment diagenesis the events that led to the emergence of life, evolution of metabolic processes, and the diversification of the biosphere. Artwork from the book is available to instructors at www.blackwellpublishing.com/konhauser.
Download or read book Iron Biominerals written by R. Blakemore and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Bioremediation Biodegradation written by Maulin P. Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial or biological degradation has long been the subject of active concern, and the rapid expansion and growing sophistication of various industries in the last century has significantly increased the volume and complexity of toxic residues of wastes. These can be remediated by plants and microbes, either natural origin or adapted for a specific purpose, in a process known as bioremediation. The interest in microbial biodegradation of pollutants has intensified in recent years in an attempt to find sustainable ways to clean contaminated environments. These bioremediation and biotransformation methods take advantage of the tremendous microbial catabolic diversity to degrade, transform or accumulate a variety of compounds, such as hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polaromatic hydrocarbons pharmaceutical substances, radionuclides and metals. Unlike conventional methods, bioremediation does not physically disturb the site. This book describes the basic principles of biodegradation and shows how these principles are related to bioremediation. Authored by leading, international environmental microbiologists, it discusses topics such as aerobic biodegradation, microbial degradation of pollutants, and microbial community dynamics. It provides valuable insights into how biodegration processes work and can be utilised for pollution abatement, and as such appeals to researchers and postgraduate students as well as experts in the field of bioremediation.
Download or read book Atlas of Microbial Mat Features Preserved within the Siliciclastic Rock Record written by Juergen Schieber and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-09-14 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on a combination of modern occurrences and likely ancient counterparts, this atlas is a treatise of mat-related sedimentary features that one may expect to see in ancient terrigenous clastic sedimentary successions. By combining modern and ancient examples, the connection is made to likely formative processes and the utilization of these features in the interpretation of ancient sedimentary rocks. The first full compilation of microbial mat features/structures preserved in the sliciclastic rock record High quality, full color photographs fully support the text Modern and ancient examples connect the formative processes and utilization of mat-related features in the interpretation of sedimentary rocks
Download or read book Sulphur Cycling on the Continents written by R. W. Howarth and published by . This book was released on 1992-04-30 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses such key issues as sulphur cycling in wetlands, terrestrial ecosystems and lakes; the effects of acid sulphur inputs to these ecosystems; the cycling of sulphur through the atmosphere including both natural and industrial sources of sulphur; the latest controls on biogenic sulphur gas fluxes from tropical ecosystems to the atmosphere; a theoretical approach for viewing sulphur interactions with other element cycles in diverse ecosystems and much more.
Download or read book Microbial Life Under Stress Biochemical Genomic Transcriptomic Proteomic Bioinformatics Evolutionary Aspects and Biotechnological Applications of Poly Extremophilic Bacteria Volume II written by Davide Zannoni and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-29 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Magnetism of Soils and Sediments written by Sara Satolli and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mesoporous Silica based Nanomaterials and Biomedical Applications written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-20 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis, Part A, Volume 43 in The Enzymes series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on Mesoporous silica nanoparticle synthesis, Periodic mesoporous organosilica, Nanovalves and other nanomachine-equipped nanoparticles and controlled release, Two-photon light control and photodynamic therapy, Biodegradable PMO nanoparticles, Cationic mesoporous silica and protein delivery, Drug loading, stimuli-responsive delivery and cancer treatment, Animal models and cancer therapy, siRNA delivery and TWIST shutdown for ovarian cancer treatment, and TBC (mesoporous silica nanoparticles and cancer therapy or biodistribution of MSN). Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in The Enzymes series Updated release includes the latest information on Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis
Download or read book Ehrlich s Geomicrobiology written by Henry Lutz Ehrlich and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in geomicrobiology have progressed at an accelerated pace in recent years. Ehrlich's Geomicrobiology, Sixth Edition surveys various aspects of the field, including the microbial role in elemental cycling and in the formation and degradation of minerals and fossil fuels. Unlike the fifth edition, the sixth includes many expert contributors
Download or read book The Origin of Clay Minerals in Soils and Weathered Rocks written by Bruce B. Velde and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-18 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of huge relevance in a number of fields, this is a survey of the different processes of soil clay mineral formation and the consequences of these processes concerning the soil ecosystem, especially plant and mineral. Two independent systems form soil materials. The first is the interaction of rocks and water, unstable minerals adjusting to surface conditions. The second is the interaction of the biosphere with clays in the upper parts of alteration profiles.
Download or read book Minerals in Soil Environments written by Joe Boris Dixon and published by American Society of Agronomy. This book was released on 1989 with total page 1290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to soil mineralogy; Surface chemistry of soil minerals; An introduction to organic matter in mineral soils; Mineral equilibria and the soil system; Mineral occurrence in soil environments; Carboonate, halide, sulfate, and sulfide minerals; Aluminum oxides and oxyhydroxides; Iron oxides; Manganese oxides ands hydroxides; Kaolin and serpentine group minerals; The pyrophyllite-talc group; Micas; Vermiculites; Chlorites and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite and smectite; Interstratification in layer silicates; Palygorskite and sepiolite group minerals; Zeolites in soils; Silica in soils: quartz and disordered silica polymorphs; Feldpars, olivines, pyroxenes, and amphiboles; Allophane and imogolite; Phosphate minerals; Titanium and zirconium minerals.
Download or read book Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V.3 ... consists of individual chapters that describe 1) the conceptual background for radionuclides, including tritium, radon, strontium, technetium, uranium, iodine, radium, thorium, cesium, plutonium-americium and 2) data requirements to be met during site characterization.
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
