Download or read book Formation of a Sheared Flow Z pinch Plasma written by R. P. Golingo and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Axial Evolution of a Sheared flow stabilized Z Pinch written by Elliot L. Claveau and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fusion Z-pinch Experiment (FuZE) is a sheared-flow-stabilized Z pinch based on the ZaP and ZaP-HD experiments. The FuZE device generates neutron-producing, 50-cm-long Z pinches formed from plasma accelerated through coaxial electrodes. The Z pinches are sustained between a nose cone at the tip of the plasma gun and an end wall at the end of the assembly region flux conserver. The end wall geometry is modified from a central hole to a spoked design and it is found that plasma exhaust is limited, but can be increased by increasing the ratio of ram and thermal pressures to the magnetic field pressure. The limited plasma exhaust results in a stagnation wave in the assembly region, increasing the plasma axial current and changing the shear flow profiles from a hollow to a peaked velocity distribution. The instantaneous neutron scaling with pinch current is investigated and it is found that the scaling corresponds to an adiabatic pinch where linear density increases with axial current. Lastly, the termination of plasma acceleration is found to be triggered by a blow-by instability starting at the insulator located at the breech end of the coaxial accelerator.
Download or read book The ZaP Flow Z Pinch Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results from the ZaP experiment are consistent with the theoretical predictions of sheared flow stabilization. Z pinches with a sheared flow are generated in the ZaP experiment using a coaxial accelerator coupled to an assembly region. The current sheet in the accelerator initially acts as a snowplow. As the Z pinch forms, plasma formation in the accelerator transits to a deflagration process. The plasma exits the accelerator and maintains the flow in the Z pinch. During the quiescent period in the magnetic mode activity at z=0 cm, a stable Z pinch is seen on the axis of the assembly region. The evolution of the axial velocity profile shows a large velocity shear is measured at the edge of the Z pinch during the quiescent period. The velocity shear is above the theoretical threshold. As the velocity shear decreases towards 0.1kV{sub A}, the predicted stability threshold, the quiescent period ends. The present understanding of the ZaP experiment shows that it may be possible for the Z pinch to operate in a steady state if the deflagration process can be maintained by constantly supplying neutral gas or plasma to the accelerator.
Download or read book Physics of High Density Z Pinch Plasmas written by Michael A. Liberman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A "z pinch" is a deceptively simple plasma configuration in which a longitudinal current produces a magnetic field that confines the plasma. Z-pinch research is currently one of the fastest growing areas of plasma physics, with revived interest in z-pinch controlled fusion reactors along with investigations of new z-pinch applications, such as very high power x-ray sources, high-energy neutrons sources, and ultra-high magnetic fields generators. This book provides a comprehensive review of the physics of dense z pinches and includes many recent experimental results.
Download or read book Characterizing the Plasma Exhaust Plume from a Sheared flow Stabilized Z Pinch written by Collin Parsons and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A plasma Z-pinch has often been overlooked as a method for magnetic confinement fusion due to instabilities. Using sheared-flow to stabilize the Z-pinch extends its life to where it is a plausible solution for fusion and an attractive possibility for fusion-based space propulsion. To investigate this, the plasma plume of the Fusion Z-Pinch Experiment (FuZE) at the University of Washington is characterized using ion Doppler spectroscopy and quadruple Langmuir probe measurements. During pulses, signals characteristic of discharge arcs driven by quadruple probe bias capacitors are observed on probe tips at a probability proportional to the bias voltage. Quadruple probe measurements show average electron temperatures of 14.4 ± 7.8 eV that are approximately constant over the plasma and peak densities of 9.5 x 1020 ± 3.4 x 1020 m−3 that fall off nearly linearly as radius increases, suggesting a collimated plasma plume. EMI noise in quadruple probe voltage measurements prevents more accurate determinations of parameters. Spectroscopy reveals plasma velocities of 86.2 ± 2.8 km/s, while significant EMI noise and suspected unreliability preclude velocity measurements from the Mach probe. A hypothetical space thruster built with these parameters would have a specific impulse of 8790 ± 290 s and a Thrust of 1420 ± 260 N, performance significantly better than current-day electromagnetic thrusters.
Download or read book High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics written by Sergey V. Lebedev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-27 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work will be of interest to a wide range of academics. It provides a comprehensive round-up of the proceedings and papers delivered at the 2006 Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics, held at Rice University in Houston, Texas, USA. The contributions come from scientists interested in this emerging field. They discuss the progress in topics covering everything from stellar evolution and envelopes, to opacities, radiation transport and x-ray photoionized plasmas.
Download or read book Exploring Plasma Stability and Confinement with High Resolution Density Measurements on the ZaP HD Flow Z Pinch written by Michael Patrick Ross and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ZaP-HD Flow Z-Pinch project provides a platform to explore how shear flow stabilized Z-pinches could scale to high-energy-density plasma (plasma with pressures exceeding 1~Mbar) and fusion reactor conditions. The Z-pinch is a linear plasma confinement geometry in which the plasma carries axial electric current and is confined by its self-induced magnetic field. ZaP-HD generates shear stabilized, axisymmetric Z-pinches with stable lifetimes approaching 60ms. The goal of the project is to increase the plasma density and temperature compared to the previous ZaP project by compressing the plasma to smaller radii (~1mm). Radial and axial plasma electron density structure is measured using digital holographic interferometry (DHI), which provides the necessary fine spatial resolution. ZaP-HD's DHI system uses a 2ns Nd:YAG laser pulse with a second harmonic generator (lambda = 532nm) to produce holograms recorded by a Nikon D3200 digital camera. The holograms are numerically reconstructed with the Fresnel transform reconstruction method to obtain the phase shift caused by the interaction of the laser beam with the plasma. This provides a two-dimensional map of line-integrated electron density, which can be Abel inverted to determine the local number density. The DHI resolves line-integrated densities down to 3 X 1020m−2 with spatial resolution near 10 micro m. This dissertation presents the first application of Fresnel transform reconstruction as an analysis technique for a plasma diagnostic, and it analyzes the method's accuracy through study of synthetic data. It then presents an Abel inversion procedure that utilizes data on both sides of a Z-pinch local number density profile to maximize profile symmetry. Density measurements from DHI reveal the quality of ZaP-HD's confinement, specifically its scaling properties. DHI measurements also enable an evaluation of Z-pinch stability metrics.
Download or read book Ideal MHD written by Jeffrey P. Freidberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive, self-contained, and clearly written, this book describes the macroscopic equilibrium and stability of high temperature plasmas.
Download or read book Stabilization and Confinement of Hot Dense High Beta Plasma written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A calibrated, high-repetition rate 2-terawatt z-pinch (Zebra) was developed, and new z-pinch physics was investigated. Investigation of axial-shear-flow z-pinch stabilization was initiated, with experiments, computer modeling, and theory. An experiment on single wires driven by current prepulses similar to, and faster than, those at Z (SNL) found that faster rising pulses are much more effective at exploding single tungsten wires than Z-like pulses. Experiments on x-pinches driven at 900 kA characterized x-pinches in an almost unexplored regime.
Download or read book Phenomena Accompanying the Formation of a Dense Plasma Focus During the Implosion of a Non cylindrical Z pinch written by N. V. Filippov and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Graphite Electrode Characterization on the ZaP HD Sheared flow stabilized Z pinch Device written by Amierul Aqil bin Khairi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applying sheared velocity flow to the Z pinch successfully mitigates MHD instabilities, enabling the concept to scale to high energy densities on the ZaP-HD device. This provides a unique platform for studying the plasma material interactions (PMI) of the coaxial configuration in a high temperature environment for a prolonged duration. The inner electrode is exposed to the plasma while forming a part of the discharge current path, resulting in significant erosion of the tungsten-sprayed copper nose cone and contamination of the plasma. A graphite nose cone was installed to investigate its material behavior and effect on pinch performance. Plasma self-emission spectroscopy and magnetic field probes were used to identify impurities, measure ion temperature, and determine stability of the pinch. The resulting pinch produced ion temperatures up to 100 eV, pinch currents of 100 kA and quiescent periods up to 57 [microseconds]. These results are comparable to the lower end of the results with copper. An initial scan of the operational parameter space included the power supply charge voltage, compression bank delay time, spectroscopy location, and spectroscopy trigger time. Considerable variability of pinch behavior between pulses was observed. A design for a removable nose cone component is presented for alternative electrode material experiments, along with extensive ex-situ surface topography measurements of targets embedded in the nose cone.
Download or read book Comparison of Electrode Configurations on ZaP written by Sean David Knecht and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ZaP Flow Z-Pinch is a basic plasma physics experiment that investigates the effect of sheared axial flows Z-pinch stability. Two modifications are made: 1)~Installation of a perforated conducting wall to evaluate the effect on Z-pinch stability; 2)~The 10~cm diameter inner electrode is replaced with a 16 cm diameter version to evaluate the effects of adiabatic compression. It is determined that the conducting wall has no effect on the stability of the pinch. Expected effects of the inner electrode modification are increased temperature and density due to increased adiabatic compression and an increase in stable period length. Pinch density profile evolution is measured with a four-chord HeNe interferometer and temperature and magnetic field profiles are calculated with a radial heat conduction analysis. Pinch equilibrium comparison between the 10 cm and 16 cm inner electrode configurations shows that the 16 cm electrode is subject to greater non-adiabatic processes, such as shocks. Greater influence of shocks is attributed to a blunter nosecone and increased current in the accelerator for the 16 cm inner electrode. Pinch temperature for the 16 cm inner electrode is less than the 10 cm electrode due to higher linear density in the pinch and the increased size of the pinch is a result of the non-adiabatic formation process.
Download or read book Introduction to Plasma Physics written by R.J Goldston and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Plasma Physics is the standard text for an introductory lecture course on plasma physics. The text’s six sections lead readers systematically and comprehensively through the fundamentals of modern plasma physics. Sections on single-particle motion, plasmas as fluids, and collisional processes in plasmas lay the groundwork for a thorough understanding of the subject. The authors take care to place the material in its historical context for a rich understanding of the ideas presented. They also emphasize the importance of medical imaging in radiotherapy, providing a logical link to more advanced works in the area. The text includes problems, tables, and illustrations as well as a thorough index and a complete list of references.
Download or read book Physics of Electric Propulsion written by Robert G. Jahn and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2006-05-26 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Literaturangaben. - Originally published: New York, NY : McGraw-Hill, 1968
Download or read book Magnetic Reconnection in Plasmas written by D. Biskamp and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-09-14 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 2000, is a comprehensive introduction to this major topic in plasma physics; for graduates and researchers.
Download or read book Plasma Physics written by Alexander Piel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enlarged new edition of this textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the basic processes in plasmas and demonstrates that the same fundamental concepts describe cold gas-discharge plasmas, space plasmas, and hot fusion plasmas. Starting from particle drifts in magnetic fields, the principles of magnetic confinement fusion are explained and compared with laser fusion. Collective processes are discussed in terms of plasma waves and instabilities. The concepts of plasma description by magnetohydrodynamics, kinetic theory, and particle simulation are stepwise introduced. Space charge effects in sheath regions, double layers and plasma diodes are given the necessary attention. The novel fundamental mechanisms of dusty plasmas are explored and integrated into the framework of conventional plasmas. The book concludes with a concise description of modern plasma discharges. Written by an internationally renowned researcher in experimental plasma physics, the text keeps the mathematical apparatus simple and emphasizes the underlying concepts. The guidelines of plasma physics are illustrated by a host of practical examples, preferentially from plasma diagnostics. There, Langmuir probe methods, laser interferometry, ionospheric sounding, Faraday rotation, and diagnostics of dusty plasmas are discussed. Though primarily addressing students in plasma physics, the book is easily accessible for researchers in neighboring disciplines, such as space science, astrophysics, material science, applied physics, and electrical engineering. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and contains substantially enlarged chapters on plasma diagnostics, dusty plasmas and plasma discharges. Probe techniques have been rearranged into basic theory and a host of practical examples for probe techniques in dc, rf, and space plasmas. New topics in dusty plasmas, such as plasma crystals, Yukawa balls, phase transitions and attractive forces have been adopted. The chapter on plasma discharges now contains a new section on conventional and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering. The recently discovered electrical asymmetry effect in capacitive rf-discharges is described. The text is based on an introductory course to plasma physics and advanced courses in plasma diagnostics, dusty plasmas, and plasma waves, which the author has taught at Kiel University for three decades. The pedagogical approach combines detailed explanations, a large number of illustrative figures, short summaries of the basics at the end of each chapter, and a selection of problems with detailed solutions.
Download or read book Journal of Micro nanolithography MEMS and MOEMS written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
