Download or read book Formation and Removal of Pesticides and Pesticide Transformation Products During Water Treatment written by Evelyn F. Chamberlain and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A comprehensive suite of over 60 pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides) representing a variety of classes at environmentally relevant concentrations (low [mu]g/L) were screened for reactivity under typical drinking water conditions and dosages. The most common oxidants/transformation agents in water treatment systems were examined for reactivity including free and combined chlorine, chlorine dioxide, permanganate, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, ultraviolet radiation, and high pH (alkaline hydrolysis). Due to the broad nature of the study, pesticide compounds were analyzed as multiple mixes broken into two groups based on analytical methods, those analyzed by GC/ECD and those by LC/MS. Combinations of reactive disinfectant/oxidant and pesticide most likely to lead to significant degradate formation within water utilities were quantitatively identified. Results from the screening study portion of this work were prioritized based on reactivity, anticipated occurrence, anticipated toxicity implications, and other considerations. The most important systems were then studied in detail to determine major degradation products, kinetic rates, and other information specific to the disinfectant/oxidant - pesticide combination. One detailed system in particular, fipronil and several commonly utilized oxidants, was investigated. Findings indicate that fipronil is readily degraded by free chlorine, chlorine dioxide and permanganate but not by monochloramine. Furthermore, permanganate oxidation produces a degradation byproduct, fipronil sulfone, which accumulates within the system if no other oxidant is utilized. This body of work provides highly valuable information on the most reactive oxidant/pesticides systems, signifying the highest potential for degradation formation. Additionally, detailed information on a widely used insecticide is supplied. This work helps to direct future research and provides treatment facilities guidance as to relative removals of problematic pesticide compounds as well as an initial alert to future potential problems arising from degradate formation"--Abstract, leaf iv.
Download or read book Removals of Pesticides and Pesticide Transformation Products During Drinking Water Treatment Processes and Their Impact on Mutagen Formation Potential After Chlorination written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Incorporation of Water Treatment Effects on Pesticide Removal and Transformations in Food Quality Protection Act FQPA Drinking Water Assessments written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pesticides Remediation Technologies from Water and Wastewater written by Mohammad Hadi Dehghani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesticides Remediation Technologies from Water and Wastewater focuses on environmental aspects and health effects of pesticides, the use of conventional and AOPs technologies, and adsorption processes and nanomaterials for the removal of pesticides from water and wastewater. The deterioration of water quality is of great concern due to its effects on aquatic organisms, humans and the ecosystem. Among the pollutants, pesticides are a major concern in villages and farm land. This edited book bridges the gap between old and new knowledge about the categorization of pesticides, the presence of them in water, wastewater, soil and foods, and new methods to detect them from water matrices. This edited book provides the necessary basic knowledge to new researchers who want to learn about pesticides and the ways to eliminate them in aqueous matrices. Moreover, it is also a helpful resource for mature researchers in this field, providing them with new trends in water and wastewater treatment processes, preparation and application of novel adsorbent materials. Includes methods for effectively removing pesticides from potable water and water bodies Provides techniques that are eco-friendly and that do not use toxic chemicals and are lower in cost Presents information needed to identify severe health effects on human beings and aquatic animals
Download or read book Organophosphate Pesticide Degradation Under Drinking Water Treatment Conditions written by Stephen E. Duirk and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little work to date has solely investigated the kinetics and pathways of pesticide transformations under drinking water treatment conditions. Free chlorine has been found to react with s-triazine, carbamate, and organophosphate pesticides. However, these experimental conditions did not account for naturally occurring aquatic constituents such as natural organic matter (NOM) or inorganic ions (i.e., bromide). The kinetics and degradation pathways for chlorpyrifos (CP), an OP pesticide, have been established in buffered deionized water. However, the effect of NOM and bromide on the rate of CP has yet to be thoroughly investigated. This research was designed to examine the influence of NOM and bromide on the loss of CP in the presence of free chlorine.
Download or read book Trace Determination of Pesticides and their Degradation Products in Water BOOK REPRINT written by Damia Barcelo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-12-15 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace Determination of Pesticides and their Degradation Products in Water is a critical compilation of analytical methods for the monitoring of pesticides and their degradation products in water. It contains up-to-date material and is the result of the authors' experience in the pesticide analysis field. The book is structured in six chapters, starting from general aspects of pesticides like usage, physicochemical parameters and occurrence in the environment. A second chapter is devoted to sampling from water matrices, stability methods of pesticides in water and quality assurance issues. The general chromatographic methods for pesticides are reported, including the newly developed electrophoresis methods and GC-MS and LC-MS confirmatory analytical methods. Sample preparation methodologies, including off-line and on-line techniques are described in the next two chapters, with a comprehensive list of examples of pesticides and many metabolites, including the use of different GC-methods and LC-methods. The final chapter is devoted to the development of biological techniques, immunoassays and biosensors, for the trace determination of pesticides in water samples.
Download or read book Pesticides in Surface Waters written by Steven J. Larson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesticde use in agriculture and non-agriculture settings has increased dramatically over the last several decades. Concern about adverse effects on the environment and human health has spurred an enormous amount of research into their environmental behavior and fate. Pesticides in Surface Waters presents a comprehensive summary of this research.
Download or read book Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Clemens von Sonntag and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though ozone has been applied for a long time for disinfection and oxidation in water treatment, there is lack of critical information related to transformation of organic compounds. This has become more important in recent years, because there is considerable concern about the formation of potentially harmful degradation products as well as oxidation products from the reaction with the matrix components. In recent years, a wealth of information on the products that are formed has accumulated, and substantial progress in understanding mechanistic details of ozone reactions in aqueous solution has been made. Based on the latter, this may allow us to predict the products of as yet not studied systems and assist in evaluating toxic potentials in case certain classes are known to show such effects. Keeping this in mind, Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment: From Basic Principles to Applications discusses mechanistic details of ozone reactions as much as they are known to date and applies them to the large body of studies on micropollutant degradation (such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors) that is already available. Extensively quoting the literature and updating the available compilation of ozone rate constants gives the reader a text at hand on which his research can be based. Moreover, those that are responsible for planning or operation of ozonation steps in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants will find salient information in a compact form that otherwise is quite disperse. A critical compilation of rate constants for the various classes of compounds is given in each chapter, including all the recent publications. This is a very useful source of information for researchers and practitioners who need kinetic information on emerging contaminants. Furthermore, each chapter contains a large selection of examples of reaction mechanisms for the transformation of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fuel additives, solvents, taste and odor compounds, cyanotoxins. Authors: Prof. Dr. Clemens von Sonntag, Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, and Instrumentelle Analytische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and Prof. Dr. Urs von Gunten, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, and Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Download or read book Pesticide Degradates in Water Treatment written by Craig D. Adams and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pesticide Ecotoxicity Endocrine Activity and Removal During Ozonation of Wastewater written by Paul Westlund and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Potential impacts on aquatic organisms and public health associated with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) present in environmental waters has received increasing attention. As new xenobiotic compounds are introduced the list of CECs grows and now contains several classes of contaminants including pesticides, which are the focus of the present thesis. Target pesticides selected include a variety of fungicides, herbicides, and neonicotinoids. Unlike other CECs such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, data available for the occurrence and removal of pesticides in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP's) is limited. As a result of the inherent bioactivity of these compounds it is equally important to investigate their potential impacts on the environment and aquatic ecosystems due to general toxicity and endocrine activity. This PhD thesis provides an investigation into their occurrence in Canadian wastewater effluents, toxicity (acute and chronic), endocrine activity (estrogenic and androgenic), and removal during ozonation. In order to determine the extent of contamination of wastewater by pesticides, three Canadian wastewater effluents were sampled. Of the 18 compounds investigated only one, imidacloprid, was not detected. The variety and concentrations of compounds identified indicate that municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can be considered a source for pesticides entering into aquatic environments. Using a suite of bioassays, the bioactivities of the compounds identified in the wastewater effluents were investigated. A high-throughput bioluminescence assay using the target species Vibrio fischeri was developed and applied to determine the acute and chronic toxicity. The yeast estrogenic screen (YES) and yeast androgenic screen (YAS) assays were used to investigate the potential agonist and antagonist endocrine activity. Since pesticides and other CECs are not generally removed efficiently during conventional WWT and are eventually discharged into receiving waters, tertiary treatment technologies are being considered to upgrade treatment sequences. For most classes of CECs including pharmaceuticals and steroidal hormones, their fate during ozone (O3) treatment and their potential oxidation transformation products (OTPs) are well documented. As a result of the success of ozonation to remove pharmaceuticals present in wastewater it is believed that O3 will also be able to remove pesticides. To investigate the removal of pesticides during ozonation experiments were conducted in three sample matrices (reverse osmosis, synthetic wastewater, and municipal wastewater effluent). To determine the potential impacts associated with the formation of OTPs the YES and YAS assays were used in tandem with chemical analysis to observe any potential endocrine activities. This study is one of the first to report an increase in androgenic activity during the ozonation of a mixture of pesticides. Moreover, this thesis highlights the importance of using bioanalytical tools in tandem with chemical analysis by examining the change of endocrine activity during ozonation treatment. The presence of pesticides in wastewater effluents raises concerns for both aquatic organisms and public health. In addition the bioactivities of these compounds during ozonation treatment indicates that OTPs must be investigated further to determine their nature, persistence and contribution to potential environmental impacts. Finally, the combination of using bioanalytical tools in tandem with traditional chemical analysis demonstrates the importance of applying as well as improving advanced water treatment technologies to mitigate the impacts of CECs on the environment and public health." --
Download or read book Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment written by Alistair Boxall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-22 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a synthetic chemical is released into the environment it may be degraded by abiotic and biotic processes. These degradation processes usually involve a cascade of reactions resulting in the formation of a number of transformation products. While we usually know a great deal about the environmental properties, fate and effects of parent synthetic chemicals, our understanding of the impacts of transformation products is much less developed. As such, this volume brings together chapters from leading researchers in the field of transformation products in the environment and describes how these products are formed, how they move through the environment, and their environmental effects. The book also presents modelling and analytical approaches for understanding the occurrence, fate and effects of transformation products in the environment. It is of interest to scientists in academia, the chemicals industry and regulators, as well as graduate students in Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology.
Download or read book Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment written by Dimitra A. Lambropoulou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-05 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last 15 years, the focus of chemical pollution has shifted from conventional pollutants to so-called “emerging” or “new” unregulated contaminants. These include pharmaceuticals and personal care products, hormones, UV filters, perfluorinated compounds, poylybrominated flame retardants (BFRs), pesticides, plasticizers, artificial sweeteners, illicit drugs, and endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). Despite the increasing number of published studies covering emerging contaminants, we know almost nothing about the effects of their transformation products and/or metabolites. This two-volume set provides a unique collection of research on transformation products, their occurrence, fate and risks in the environment. It contains 32 chapters, organised into 7 parts, each with a distinct focus: • General Considerations • Transformation Processes and Treatment Strategies • Analytical Strategies • Occurrence, Fate and Effects in the Environment • Global Speciality and Environmental Status • Risk Assessment, Management and Regulatory Framework • Outlook Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment is a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals in environmental chemistry, analytical chemistry, ecotoxicology, environmental sciences, and hydrology, as well as environmental consultants and regulatory bodies.
Download or read book Contaminants of Emerging Concerns and Reigning Removal Technologies written by Manish Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-06-30 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an increased demand for wastewater reuse, groundwater recharge with treated wastewater has been practiced across the globe. As a result, groundwater quality deteriorates by emerging micropollutants from various anthropogenic origins, including untreated wastewater, seepage of landfill leachate, and runoff from agricultural lands. The fate of such emerging and geogenic contaminants in subsurface systems, especially in the groundwater, depends on several factors. Physicochemical properties of contaminants such as octanol-water partition coefficient, dissociation constant, water solubility, susceptibility to biodegradation under anaerobic conditions, and environmental persistence under diverse geological and pH conditions play a critical role during subsurface mass flow. Thus, advanced wastewater treatment techniques, followed by implementing stricter guidelines, are some of the measures that can safeguard water resources. This book, in general, gives an understanding of the fate and mitigation strategies for emerging and geogenic contaminants in the groundwater. The first and second sections provide a detailed insight into various removal techniques and mitigation approaches. Possible treatment strategies, including bioremediation and natural attenuation, are also covered in those sections. Environmental assessment, groundwater vulnerability, health effects, and regulations pertaining to various contaminants are systematically presented in the third section.
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada
Download or read book Pesticides written by Hamir S. Rathore and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-11 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesticides play an important role in controlling pests that carry diseases and threaten crop production. In recent years, however, there has been increased concern about the adverse impacts of pesticides and their degradation products on public health and the environment. A considerable amount of work is being done to develop nonchemical methods of pest control, but it is not yet feasible to dispense with the use of chemical pesticides. Pesticides: Evaluation of Environmental Pollution brings together, in a single volume, current knowledge on environmental pollution caused by pesticides. It helps readers evaluate the effects that pesticide residues have in all compartments of the environment. Featuring contributions by eminent scientists from around the world, the book gives an overview of the fate and transport of pesticides and their degradation in the environment. Detailing the sources, concentration, and hazards of residues, it examines their effects in humans, birds and mammals, fish, soil invertebrates, soil microflora, aquatic invertebrates, water, milk products, and more. The book also addresses endocrine-disrupting pesticides and explores biopesticides as alternatives to chemical pesticides. A review of data on the potential hazards of pesticides, this reference will be of interest to readers working in the areas of chemical crop protection and pollution management. It adds a balanced perspective to the debate between those who think that pesticides should be banned and those who consider the continued use of large quantities to be necessary for the survival of humanity. See also Handbook of Pesticides: Methods of Pesticide Residues Analysis (CRC Press, 2009).
Download or read book Treatise on Water Science written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 2131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality and management are of great significance globally, as the demand for clean, potable water far exceeds the availability. Water science research brings together the natural and applied sciences, engineering, chemistry, law and policy, and economics, and the Treatise on Water Science seeks to unite these areas through contributions from a global team of author-experts. The 4-volume set examines topics in depth, with an emphasis on innovative research and technologies for those working in applied areas. Published in partnership with and endorsed by the International Water Association (IWA), demonstrating the authority of the content Editor-in-Chief Peter Wilderer, a Stockholm Water Prize recipient, has assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Topics related to water resource management, water quality and supply, and handling of wastewater are treated in depth
Download or read book Pesticide Transformation Products in Surface Waters and Their Effects on Aquatic Biota written by Kristin Elizabeth Day and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
