Download or read book Formaldehyde free Wood Adhesives from Soybean Protein and Lignin written by Yuan Liu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presently, the production of wood composites relies on the formaldehyde-based wood adhesives such as phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and urea-formaldehyde (UF). However, their dependence on exhaustible fossil fuels and the emission of carcinogenic formaldehyde prompt to develop an environmentally friendly adhesive from renewable natural resources. This work focuses on development and characterization of forma1dehydefree wood adhesives from renewable soybean protein and lignin. Soybean protein is an abundant, inexpensive, and readily available natural product. Soybean protein-based adhesives were widely used as wood adhesives in 1930s-1960s and are completely replaced by synthetic formaldehyde-based adhesives today because wood composites bonded with soybean protein-based adhesives have relatively lower strength and lower water resistance than those bonded with formaldehyde-based adhesives. Marine adhesive protein from mussels is a strong and water-resistant adhesive. However, the production of marine adhesive protein is difficult and costly. The marine adhesive protein contains three key functional groups: a catechol moiety, a primary amino group, and a mercapto group. In this research, soybean protein was modified using marine adhesive protein as a model. We found that imparting soybean protein with one of the three key functional groups found in the marine adhesive protein converted soybean protein into a strong and water-resistant wood adhesive. Another formaldehyde-free new wood adhesive was also developed through modification of soybean protein with maleic anhydride followed by mixing with polyethylenimine (PEI). Wood composites bonded with this new adhesive were very strong and very water-resistant. The reaction mechanisms in the modification of soybean protein with maleic anhydride and the curing mechanisms of the adhesive were investigated in detail. Demethylated kraft lignin (DKL) has a high amount of the same key functional group, catechol moiety, as the marine adhesive protein. We found that a combination of DKL and PEI (a polyamine with abundant primary amino groups) was a strong and water-resistant wood adhesive. It was found that the curing mechanism of the DKL-PEI adhesive is similar to that of marine adhesive protein. The effects of DKL/PEI weight ratio, hot-press conditions and the molecular weight of PEI on adhesive performance were also investigated in detail.
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Formaldehyde Free Wood Adhesives from Oil Palm Elaeis guineensis Fronds Lignin Penerbit USM written by Mohd. Hazwan Hussin and published by Penerbit USM. This book was released on with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenol formaldehyde (PF) is one of the widely used wood adhesives in the wood industry. The raw materials in the production of phenol formaldehyde resin are petroleum-derived and formaldehyde-based materials which corresponds to public health issues, environmental problems and non-economical costing. In recent years, the increasing price of petrochemical due to energy shortage and environmental problems such as global warming and climate change as results from the burning of fossil fuels have been brought to great public attention. Public health issues related to the emission of formaldehyde-based adhesives in most buildings and constructions, have also been given notice. Thus, lignin phenol glyoxal (LPG) wood adhesives have been formulated by partially replacing phenol with Kraft and organosolv lignins at varying weight percentages. Results showed that 50 % organosolv LPG (OLPG) resin may cure as a stronger, natural, green, cost-effective and sustainable wood adhesive to replace PF resin in the wood industry.
Download or read book Bio based Wood Adhesives written by Zhongqi He and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adhesive bonding plays an increasing role in the forest product industry and is a key factor for efficiently utilizing timber and other lignocellulosic resources. As synthetic wood adhesives are mostly derived from depleting petrochemical resources and have caused increasing environmental concern, natural product and byproduct-derived adhesives have attracted much attention in the last decades. Although adhesives made from plant and animal sources have been in existence since ancient times, increased knowledge of their chemistry and improved technical formulation of their preparation are still needed to promote their broader industrial applications. The primary goals of this book are to (1) synthesize the fundamental knowledge and latest research on bio-based adhesives from a remarkable range of natural products and byproducts, (2) identify need areas and provide directions of future bio-based adhesive research, and (3) help integrating research findings in practical adhesive application for maximal benefits. This book covers information on a variety of natural products and byproducts and the latest research on formulation, testing and improvement of the relevant adhesives in fifteen chapters written by an international group of accomplished contributors. This book will serve as a valuable reference source for university faculty, graduate students, research scientists, agricultural and wood engineers, international organization advocators and government agency regulators who work and deal with enhanced utilization of agricultural and forest products and byproducts.
Download or read book Biobased Adhesives written by Manfred Dunky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biobased Adhesives Unique and comprehensive book edited by acknowledged leaders on biobased adhesives that will replace petroleum-based adhesives. This book contains 23 chapters covering the various ramifications of biobased adhesives. The chapters are written by world-class scientists and technologists actively involved in the arena of biobased adhesives. The book is divided into three parts: Part 1: Fundamental Aspects; Part 2: Classes of Biobased Adhesives; and Part 3: Applications of Biobased Adhesives. Topics covered include: an introduction to biobased adhesives; adhesion theories and adhesion and surface issues with biobased adhesives; chemistry of adhesives; biorefinery products as biobased raw materials for adhesives; naturally aldehyde-based thermosetting resins; natural crosslinkers; curing and adhesive bond strength development in biobased adhesives; mimicking nature; bio-inspired adhesives; protein adhesives; carbohydrates as adhesives; natural polymer-based adhesives; epoxy adhesives from natural materials; biobased polyurethane adhesives; nanocellulose-modified adhesives; debondable, recyclable, and biodegradable biobased adhesives; 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural-based adhesives; adhesive precursors from tree-derived naval stores; and applications in various diverse arenas such as wood bonding, controlled drug delivery, and wearable bioelectronics. Audience This book will interest materials scientists, adhesionists, polymer chemists, marine biologists, food and agriculture scientists, and environmentalists. R&D personnel in a slew of wide-ranging industries such as aviation, shipbuilding, railway, automotive, packaging, construction, wood bonding, and composites should find this book a repository of current and much-needed information.
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Formaldehyde free Wood Adhesives from Oil Palm Elaeis Guineensis Fronds Lignin written by Mohd. Hazwan Hussin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eco Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of eco-friendly resins and their composite materials covering their synthesis, sources, structures and properties for different industrial applications to support the ongoing research and development in eco-friendly and renewable commercial products. It provides comparative discussions on the properties of eco-friendly resins with other polymer composites. It is a useful reference on bio-based eco-friendly polymer resins, wood-based composites, natural fibers and biomass materials for the polymer scientists, engineers and material scientists.
Download or read book Adhesives written by Anna Rudawska and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-11-23 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents some information regarding adhesives which have applications in industry, medicine and dentistry. The book is divided into two parts: "Adhesives Applications in Medicine and Dentistry" and "Properties of Adhesive." The aim of such a presentation is to present the usage in very different aspects of application of the adhesives and present specific properties of adhesives. Adhesives' advantageous properties and relatively uncomplicated processing methods contribute to their increasing application and their growing popularity in the industry, medicine and other branches. Some adhesives represent properties superior to those of most adhesive materials, due to their excellent adhesion and chemical resistance. A wide variety of adhesives' considerable flexibility in modification of properties of adhesives allows adjusting the composition to particular applications.
Download or read book Development of Natural Adhesive Using Lignin and Soy Protein written by Balqis Adam and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adhesive are indispensable component in wood composite which is directly affect its physical, mechanical and chemical properties which are classified into two categories as synthetic and natural adhesive. By experiencing the emission of formaldehyde vapors which are carcinogenic of synthetic based adhesive, the natural adhesives in market be competitive, however they were weak in bonding and water resistance. As to overcome the problem this study attempts to develop natural adhesive that contain environmental friendly material by using lignin and soy protein, study its bonding strength and water resistant ability by chemically modify the protein to make the composite boards can pass the physical and mechanical tests of the medium density fiberboard (MDF). Therefore, the modification of soy flour with different concentration of lignin had been formulated by adding other chemical such as sodium hydroxide as alkali solution to the formulation to reach the required properties of strength and water resistance. As s conclusion, from this study it was found that only internal bonding give the good result and can be acceptable. In addition, high bonding strength and good water resistance of adhesive can be achieved by some additional modification of soy protein and lignin.
Download or read book Green Adhesives written by Inamuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Adhesives: Preparation, Properties and Applications deals with the fabrication methods, characterization, and applications of green adhesives. It also includes the collective properties of waterborne, bio, and wound-healing green adhesives. Exclusive attention is devoted to discussing the applications of green adhesives in biomedical coatings, food, and industrial applications.
Download or read book Adhesives for Wood and Lignocellulosic Materials written by R. N. Kumar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique and ground-breaking book from two leading specialists on adhesion and adhesives for wood and lignocellulosic materials The book is a comprehensive treatment covering a wide range of subjects uniquely available in a single source for the first time. A material science approach has been adopted in dealing with wood adhesion and adhesives. The approach of the authors is to bring out hierarchical cellular and porous characteristics of wood with polymeric cell wall structure, along with the associated non-cell wall extractives, which greatly influence the interaction of wood substrate with polymeric adhesives in a very unique manner not existent in the case of other adherends. Environmental aspects, in particular formaldehyde emission from adhesive bonded wood products, has been included. A significant feature of the book is the inclusion of polymeric matrix materials for wood polymer composites.
Download or read book Natural Polyphenols from Wood written by Kun Cheng and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Polyphenols from Wood: Tannin and Lignin – An Industrial Perspective is a detailed guide to the sourcing and processing of tannin and lignin for valuable advanced applications across areas such as fuels, chemicals, drugs, and food. Drawing on the latest academic research and patent literature, this book provides strong practical understanding of the use of these valuable materials in novel industrial applications. This book introduces natural polyphenols from wood and the fundamental aspects of carbon management within the tree. In-depth presentation of extraction and characterization methods is followed by an extensive coverage of practical and industrial applications of wood polyphenols. This is an essential resource for researchers and advanced students working with lignin or tannin, and across biopolymer science, biomass, wood chemistry, paper, wood adhesives, polymer materials, renewable resources, and biotechnology. It also supports industrial R&D and scientists working with wood polyphenols or bio-based polymers. This book re-evaluates wood polyphenols from an industrial perspective, revealing the latest techniques and drawing on patent literature. It addresses fundamental issues of wood polyphenols, such as carbon cycle, wood fractionation, structure, and properties. It offers a comprehensive review of practical applications, including lignin depolymerization, wood reconstruction, fuels, chemicals, drugs, and food.
Download or read book Research Progress on Formaldehyde Free Wood Adhesive Derived from Soy Flour written by Chengsheng Gui and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soy-based adhesives have been regarded as the most suitable candidates for wood industry. For a widespread use of soy-based adhesives, new technologies need to be developed to improve the water resistance. An overview on the methods to improve water resistance of soy-based adhesives is presented. Denaturants were once considered necessary to modify soy protein. However, water-resistant soy adhesives could be prepared by simply removing water-soluble carbohydrates and low molecular peptides from soy flour. In addition, proper grafting and cross-linking agents help to prepare water-resistant soy-based adhesives, which are used widely to bond interior wood composites. In particular, a new type of polyamidoamine (PADA) resin and an itaconic acid-based polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (IA-PAE) resin were synthesized to perform as cross-linking agents for soy-based adhesives. This review concludes that soy-based adhesives have great potential for use in numerous applications. However, future work is still needed to make soy-based adhesives more competitive with synthetic adhesives.
Download or read book Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives Volume 6 written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the voluminous research being published, it is difficult, if not impossible, to stay abreast of current developments in a given area. The review articles in this book consolidate information to provide an alternative way to follow the latest research activity and developments in adhesion science and adhesives. With the ever-increasing amount of research being published, it is a Herculean task to be fully conversant with the latest research developments in any field, and the arena of adhesion and adhesives is no exception. Thus, topical review articles provide an alternate and very efficient way to stay abreast of the state-of-the-art in many subjects representing the field of adhesion science and adhesives. The 19 chapters in this Volume 6 follow the same order as the review articles originally published in RAA in the year 2020 and up to June 2021. The subjects of these 19 chapters fall in the following areas: Adhesives and adhesive joints Contact angle Reinforced polymer composites Bioadhesives Icephobic coatings Adhesives based on natural resources Polymer surface modification Superhydrophobic surfaces The topics covered include: hot-melt adhesives; adhesively-bonded spar-wingskin joints; contact angle hysteresis; fiber/matrix adhesion in reinforced thermoplastic composites; bioadhesives in biomedical applications; mucoadhesive pellets for drug delivery applications; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; wood adhesives based on natural resources; adhesion in biocomposites; vacuum UV surface photo-oxidation of polymers and other materials; vitrimers and their relevance to adhesives; superhydrophobic surfaces by microtexturing; structural acrylic adhesives; mechanically durable water-repellent surfaces; mussel-inspired underwater adhesives; and cold atmospheric pressure plasma technology for modifying polymers. Audience This book will be valuable and useful to researchers and technologists in materials science, nanotechnology, physics, surface and colloid chemistry in multiple disciplines in academia, industry, various research institutes and other organizations.
Download or read book Wood Production Wood Technology and Biotechnological Impacts written by Ursula Kües and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2007 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the year 2001, Prof. Dr. Ursula Kües was appointed at the Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology of the Georg-August-University Göttingen to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology endowed by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU). Her group studies higher fungi in basic and applied research. Research foci are on mushroom development and on fungal enzymes degrading wood and their applications in wood biotechnology. This book has been edited to thank the DBU for all support given to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology. Contributions to the book are from scientists from Göttingen recognised in different fields of forestry and wood science. Chapters presented by members of the group Molecular Wood Biotechnology introduces into their areas of research. The book is designed for interested students of wood biology and wood technology but will also address scientists in the field.
Download or read book Soy Protein Based Blends Composites and Nanocomposites written by Visakh P. M. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-08-17 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book will enable engineers and natural-based polymer scientists to achieve multi-functionality in products using soy protein and various nano- and micro-sized biobased materials and reinforcements. Many of the recent research accomplishments in the area of soy-based blends, composites and bionanocomposites are presented in this book. In addition to introducing soy protein and its structure and relationship properties, the book covers many other relevant topics such as the state-of-the-art, new challenges, advances and opportunities in the field such as: biomedical applications of soy protein; electrospinning of soy protein nanofibers, their synthesis and applications; soy protein-based materials rheology; soy proteins as a potential source of active peptides of nutraceutical significance; soy protein isolate-based films; and use of soy protein-based carriers for encapsu??lating bioactive ingredients.
Download or read book Functional Materials from Lignin written by Xian Jun Loh and published by World Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignin is one of the most abundant plant-derived feedstock on earth and qualifies as a renewable material. However, lignin is widely recognized as waste byproduct of the cellulosic ethanol and pulp and paper industry. How to properly modify lignin and develop it into functional polymers is a huge challenge, but an attractive research topic in both industry and academia. This book brings together leading engineering approaches to address the challenges of lignin valorization. It presents the chemistry and properties of different types of lignin, and explores the cutting-edge approaches of lignin modifications. Unlike any existing texts, this book not only summarizes the traditional ways of using lignin, but also presents various potential applications of lignin materials together with advanced processing techniques. The basis of lignin (its chemistry, types and properties) is described, as are different approaches to modify it. The features of lignin and its copolymers are explored and aligned with their potential applications. In addition to the carbon materials from lignin, the advanced fabrication approaches to engineer lignin-based micro/nano-structural materials are summarized.
Download or read book Developing Soybean based Adhesives for Heat treated Plywood written by Yizhou Chen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat treatment on wood in the absence of oxygen is commonly practiced in industry to improve raw wood properties. However, heat treatment is not widely applied to engineered wood such as plywood because most synthetic adhesives such as urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesives fail in high temperature. In addition, synthetic adhesives, upon heat treatment, would release toxic substances to pollute the environment. In this study, inspired by the high-temperature, controlled, (non-)oxygen condition used in baking, we explored the idea of using plant-protein-based adhesives for heat-treated plywood. Soybean protein (SP) is a proven material for making biobased adhesives for plywood; however, soy flour (SF) is a more affordable candidate. In this study, soy flour was used as the base material for wood adhesives and further modified and formulated with low-value lignin to improve adhesion properties and reduce cost. Glucose was then added in the formula to reveal the effect of the Maillard reaction. Yellow pine plywood samples were prepared and heat treated at different temperatures (190-200 °C) for varied times from 1 to 4 h. The key results were that heat treatment improved the wet adhesion strength of plywood made with SF-based adhesives. Even with unmodified, SF-only adhesives, plywood exhibited robust adhesion and strong water resistance after heat treatment. For example, after 200 °C treatment for 2 h, the wet strength of SF plywood improved from 0 MPa to 1.28 MPa, while plywood made with UF adhesives became delaminated after heat treatment. A content ratio of 50% was the most lignin that can be added into the formula, and it achieved a wet strength of 1.31 MPa. Lignin25%-SF75% was the most practical application, achieving a wet stregnth of 1.43 MPa after heat treatment. Changing the pH of the lignin-SF slurry changed the adhesion of plywood. At a higher pH, more lignin content can be added to the adhesive formula. Heat-treated plywood prepared using soy flour and glucose (SFG) adhesives exhibited a better water resistance of 1.51MPa. The treatment temperature range overlapped with that of the Maillard reaction. The Maillard reaction forms crosslink structures and plays an important role in the water resistance of heat-treated soybean adhesives. It was proposed that hydrophilic functional group loss, protein denaturation, and crosslinking after denaturation helped heat treatment to improve wet adhesion. This study points to new applications of protein-based adhesives and ways to improve plywood properties at a considerably lower cost.
