Download or read book Foreign Borrowing and Export Promotion Policies written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers the problem of allocation of investment for a debtor country that faces a ceiling on the amount of foreign debt it can accumulate. It shows that it is optimal for the debtor country to create a more open economy by favoring investment in the export sector over investment in the import-competing sector. The reason is that a more open economy is more sensitive to trade sanctions and therefore more creditworthy in international markets. Because international creditworthiness is basically an externality, there is a role for policy to provide higher returns to export producing activities.

Download or read book Foreign Borrowing and Export Promotion Policies written by Eduardo Borensztein and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers the problem of allocation of investment for a debtor country that faces a ceiling on the amount of foreign debt it can accumulate. It shows that it is optimal for the debtor country to create a more open economy by favoring investment in the export sector over investment in the import-competing sector. The reason is that a more open economy is more sensitive to trade sanctions and therefore more creditworthy in international markets. Because international creditworthiness is basically an externality, there is a role for policy to provide higher returns to export producing activities.

Download or read book Working Paper 89 16 Foreign Borrowing and Export Promotion Policies written by International Monetary Fund and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fiscal Year 1989 U S Exports Issues written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Export Promotion Strategies written by Chris Milner and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Policy Choices in the Newly Industrializing Countries written by Bela A. Balassa and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book State of U S Export Promotion Programs written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Economic Policy, Trade, and Environment and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Competitiveness Public private Initiatives in Export Promotion Programs written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Export Import Bank and Export Promotion written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book United States Export Import Bank written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Development, Finance, Trade, and Monetary Policy and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Government Investment and Export Promotion Policy written by Tuan Anh Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Adjustment Policies in Socialist and Private Market Economies written by Bela A. Balassa and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Developing Country Debt written by Bela A. Balassa and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Policy Choices in the Newly Industrializing Countries written by Bela A. Balassa and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Far Eastern newly industrializing countries (Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan) achieved much larger increases in per capita incomes than their Latin American counterparts (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico) in the 1963- 88 period. Differences in economic growth rates find their origin in differences in savings ratios and investment efficiency.

Download or read book Officially Supported Export Credits written by Mr.Balázs Horváth and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-12-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study discusses the importance of export credits, their recent growth, and the trend toward more extensive reliance by official bilateral creditors on export credits as an instrument of financial support, and raises a number of issues regarding the role and limitations of export credit financing, espeically for economies in transition.

Download or read book Small Business Administration Trade and Export Promotion Programs written by Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to Census Bureau data, approximately 1% of small businesses in the United States currently export. With roughly three-quarters of world purchasing power and almost 95% of world consumers living outside U.S. borders, more attention is being paid to the potential of small business export promotion programs to grow small businesses and contribute to the national economic recovery. In addition, some Members of Congress believe the contributions of small businesses to commercial innovation and economic growth could be enhanced through greater access to growing international markets. Consistent with these policy goals, the Small Business Administration (SBA) provides export promotion and financing services to small businesses through its loan guaranty programs, management and training programs, and other initiatives. SBA's Office of International Trade (OIT) coordinates these activities as it assists with four stages of export promotion: (1) identifying small businesses interested in export promotion; (2) preparing small businesses to export; (3) connecting small businesses to export opportunities; and (4) supporting small businesses once they find export opportunities. The Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-240) elevated trade within SBA by establishing an assistant administrator to lead OIT and report directly to the SBA administrator. The act also authorized SBA to establish a three-year State Trade and Export Promotion (STEP) pilot grant initiative. Under the STEP initiative, which was appropriated $30 million both in FY2011 and FY2012, SBA awarded grants to states with the goal of assisting eligible “small business concerns” with exporting. The STEP program's authorization expired at the end of FY2013, but Congress appropriated $8 million for STEP in FY2014 and $17.4 million for FY2015. SBA's export-related loans amounted to approximately $1.3 billion (comprising approximately 5.7% of SBA's annual loan portfolio) in FY2014. Although SBA has three loan programs that are specifically targeted toward exporters, many of SBA's broader loan programs support export-related activities. Surveys indicate that relatively few clients of SBA's management and training programs request trade-related counseling and that some choose to receive this information from other federal programs (such as those provided by the Department of Commerce). This report begins with the history, role, and scope of SBA's export promotion activities and the creation of OIT. Next, it uses quantitative data from SBA and qualitative data from other sources to provide performance analysis of SBA's international programs. This report concludes with a presentation of three issues for consideration during an era in which concerns of fiscal responsibility and economic recovery are high priorities for many policy makers. First, are there market barriers impeding smaller firms from exporting? Second, is there a compelling interest for the government to promote exports in the name of national “competitiveness”? Third, are SBA's export promotion policies duplicative of other federal programs? In the 113th Congress, several bills were introduced to improve efficiencies among small business export promotion programs (e.g., H.R. 1909, H.R. 1926, H.R. 1916, and S. 1179).

Download or read book Economic Policies at Cross Purposes written by Anne Kruger and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As developing countries become increasingly important in the international economy, there is an urgent need to reassess U.S. policies. This book examines the various U.S. international economic policies that affect developing countries and shows that American policies regarding trade, aid, debt, and the multilateral institutions are undertaken largely without coordination and often conflict with each other. Tracing the evolution of foreign aid, Anna Krueger explains that just after World War II American economic policies toward developing countries consisted almost entirely of foreign aid. This approach was highly successful at first, but then the ability of USAID officials to carry out their mandate eroded over time because of political constraints and conflicting objectives of the aid program. She assesses the U.S. role toward the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank and argues that the United States could have been far more effective in these institutions. Krueger then addresses trade policy. Although U.S. leadership to obtain an open multilateral trading system was regarded as a policy oriented toward developed countries, the resulting growth of the world trading system permitted rapid growth of developing countries. As developing countries have adopted realistic economic policies that are conducive to economic efficiency and growth, they have become more important trading partners for the United States and other developed countries. Looking at the evolution of U.S. policy toward the heavy debt burdens of developing countries, Krueger explains that U.S. policy has generally been one step behind the realities of the era. Illustrating how trade, aid, and debt policies interact, Krueger examines two cases: The Caribbean Basin Initiative and Korea. She shows that in Korea, for example, highly successful aid policies of the 1950s helped lay the foundations for rapid economic growth, while the success of Korea's exports then led to acrimonious relations over its trade and exchange rate policies. Krueger concludes by calling for a firmer U.S. commitment to an open multilateral trading system, and points to the interdependence between foreign and trade policies.