Download or read book Force controllable Ankle Foot Orthosis AFO to Assist Drop Foot Gait written by Joaquin Andres Blaya and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimized Design and Testing of Kids Ankle Foot Orthosis A Case Study written by Harish Kumar Banga and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technical Report from the year 2019 in the subject Engineering - Mechanical Engineering, grade: 10.00, , language: English, abstract: Ankle foot orthosis (AFO) are externally applied device that a reused to support as well as control the foot and ankle joint of patients having foot deformity. Foot drop is caused by a deficiency in the ankle joint in which results in the weakness of ankle and toe dorsiflexion. This research proposes a new approach to design and performance evaluation of AFO fabrication that utilizes modeling, simulation and analysis software (like Open Sim, Ansys Work bench & Solid work) and additive manufacturing technologies to customize the fit form to an individual. By implementing a carbon fibre strut at ankle joint the design will result in a stronger, more comfortable, more flexible AFO that can adaptively constrain ankle movement for various different activities. GAIT Analysis was performed on six patients having foot drop, from the emotion analysis system in the GAIT lab. The data from the GAIT lab was then imported into the Open Sim to create a biomechanics simulation to extract the joint angle and joint moments. These value of ankle angle and moment with & without AFO was compared with normal value. The results show a considerable effect of the use of the AFO by drop foot patients in terms of ankle angle and ankle moments. Furthermore, the muscular analysis in terms of activation and forces also suggest that the dorsiflexors are assisted by the AFO during GAIT and the activation of the plantarflexion are considerably less during the lifting of the foot of the ground.

Download or read book The Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Gait written by David A. Winter and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Management of Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions in the Foot and Lower Leg E Book written by Keith Rome and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between undergraduate and postgraduate knowledge and experience, this new full colour resource uses an interdisciplinary approach to help manage chronic conditions – osteoarthritis, Achilles tendinopathy, gout, rheumatic diseases, forefoot/rearfoot entities, stress fractures/reactions, cerebral palsy – in the lower limb and foot. Each chapter includes sections on predisposing factors, diagnosis, impairments, function, quality of life and management strategies while highlighting any complex features of a condition which may present. The latest advances are discussed with suggestions for new paths of research – ‘future directions’. The text is further supported by additional commentaries from internationally renowned researchers who highlight the key elements of the work and provide a supplementary perspective of the particular clinical condition. A general view of the patient’s needs is offered throughout, connecting clinical realities to real-world patient experiences. Management of Chronic Conditions in the Foot and Lower Leg is a comprehensive, practical tool that can be used to inform daily decision making in practice as well as to support those who build policy and management strategies in the clinical areas covered. Clear content and structure supported by full colour illustrations Includes less discussed conditions such as gout and cerebral palsy Focus on pain, impairment, function, quality of life and management strategies Critical reflections by experts highlight current clinical practice and thinking in research Provides a sound interpretation of research findings Features patient-reported outcome measures and health related behaviour strategies

Download or read book The Design and Control of Active Ankle foot Orthoses written by Kenneth A. Shorter and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) can be used to ameliorate the impact of impairments to the lower limb neuromuscular motor system that affect gait. Existing AFO technologies include passive devices with fixed and articulated joints, semi-active devices that modulate damping at the joint and active devices that make use of a variety of technologies to produce power to move the foot. Emerging technologies provide a vision for fully powered, untethered AFOs. In this dissertation, a novel portable powered ankle-foot orthosis (PPAFO) cabable of providing un-tethered assistance during gait is presented. The PPAFO provides both plantarflexor and dorsiflexor torque assistance via a bi-directional pneumatic rotary actuator. The system uses a portable pneumatic power source (compressed CO2 bottle) and embedded electronics to control the motion of the foot. Experimental data from two impaired and five healthy subjects were collected to demonstrate design functionality. The impaired subjects had bilateral impairments to the lower legs that caused weakness to the plantarflexors, in one case, and to the dorsiflexors in the other. Data from the healthy walkers demonstrated the PPAFO0́9s capability to provide correctly timed plantarflexor and dorsiflexor assistance during gait. The results from the impaired subjects demonstrated the PPAFO0́9s ability to provide functional assistance during gait. Additionally, this dissertation presented a modeling and control approach to address limitations present in the PPAFO through the introduction of a new hardware configuration and new control architecture. A combined model consisting of both the PPAFO and the human foot and shank segments was first derived and validated. Next, the current and the new PPAFO system configurations were evaluated both in simulation and experimentally during three simplified functional gait tasks: (1) motion control of the foot at the start of the gait cycle, (2) plantarflexor torque assistance during late stance, and (3) dorsiflexor position control of the foot during swing. The resulting analysis showed that the new system configuration both outperformed and was more efficient than the current PPAFO configuration. The stringent design requirements of light weight, small size, high efficiency and low noise make the creation of daily wear assist devices challenging, but once such devices appear they will present new opportunities for clinical treatment of gait abnormalities.

Download or read book Cerebral Palsy written by Freeman Miller and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2006-05-08 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a child has a health problem, parents want answers. But when a child has cerebral palsy, the answers don't come quickly. A diagnosis of this complex group of chronic conditions affecting movement and coordination is difficult to make and is typically delayed until the child is eighteen months old. Although the condition may be mild or severe, even general predictions about long-term prognosis seldom come before the child's second birthday. Written by a team of experts associated with the Cerebral Palsy Program at the Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, this authoritative resource provides parents and families with vital information that can help them cope with uncertainty. Thoroughly updated and revised to incorporate the latest medical advances, the second edition is a comprehensive guide to cerebral palsy. The book is organized into three parts. In the first, the authors describe specific patterns of involvement (hemiplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia), explain the medical and psychosocial implications of these conditions, and tell parents how to be effective advocates for their child. In the second part, the authors provide a wealth of practical advice about caregiving from nutrition to mobility. Part three features an extensive alphabetically arranged encyclopedia that defines and describes medical terms and diagnoses, medical and surgical procedures, and orthopedic and other assistive devices. Also included are lists of resources and recommended reading.

Download or read book Towards a Shape Memory Alloy Based Variable Stiffness Ankle Foot Orthosis written by Minal Bhadane-Deshpande and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drop foot is a neuromuscular disorder causing a loss of use of the muscles that lift the foot. Drop foot can primarily be caused by stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, or neurological trauma. The two major complications of drop foot are slapping of the foot after heel strike (foot slap) and dragging of the toe during swing (toe drag). The current treatment options like Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) and Functional Electrical Stimulation, while offering some biomechanical benefits, do not adapt to different walking conditions and fail to eliminate significant gait complications. This study proposes a novel Active Ankle Foot Orthosis design which combines an AFO and combinations of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. The key feature of SMA is its ability to undergo seemingly large plastic strains and subsequently recover these strains when a load is removed or the material is heated. Because of this distinct thermomechanical behavior, SMA can potentially resolve some of the gait complications associated with use of an AFO. To provide a basis for the design of an AAFO, gait analysis is performed on healthy subjects along with drop foot patients to establish the deficiency in ankle stiffness characteristics. The initial verification of the thermomechanical behavior of SMA in the form of stiffness variation is carried out by testing SMA wire combinations. Based on these experiments a COMSOL model is verified which is used for simulating the combinations of SMA wires. Through simulations and experiments it has been shown that changing the combination of SMA wires result in variable stiffness pattern. The performance of different types and combinations of SMA wires are tested successfully on an AFO. The preliminary results demonstrate that SMA wires provide controlled plantarflexion during stance phase, and active dorsiflexion in the swing phase by using stiffness variations of shape memory alloy wires. In particular, the AAFO helps to avoid major complications of drop foot gait. Thus, with the development of a control strategy, and using the inherent stiffness variation of SMA wires it is possible to produce close-to-normal stiffness profiles in the ankle motion of drop-foot patients who are wearing the AAFO.

Download or read book Improvement of Ankle Joint Stability in Foot Drop Patients During Walking by 3D Printed Ankle Foot Orthoses written by Harish Banga and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-10-04 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Document from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Anatomy, Physiology, Cytology, grade: 10.0, , language: English, abstract: Lower leg foot orthoses are orthotic gadgets that help the decrease leg joint and are suitable for a few pathologies, typically those that improve the foot drop circumstance, which is resulting from a lower leg joint insufficiency. In the existing paintings, a custom designed model of decrease leg foot orthosis applied as a part of the human frame has been created. Additive Manufacturing structures has been utilized to create the lower leg foot orthosis (Selective Laser Sintering Technology). Kinematic estimations had been received in a stride lab from foot drop sufferers, with and with out three-D plastic printed lower leg foot orthoses on unmarried toes. The consequences got proven that with the orthoses, the lower leg joint conduct is sort of a instantly torsional spring, with out a hysteresis. With an goal to check the sufficiency of the AFO, Clinical GAIT Analysis of Foot Drop Patients has been performed. Customized 3-d printed Ankle Foot orthosis has been established to present higher GAIT cycle execution. The consequences of this look at indicated that development of gait in foot drop sufferers with 3-d published ankle foot orthosis that's measured via Clinical Gait evaluation.

Download or read book Impact of an Ankle Foot Orthosis on Reactive Stepping in Healthy Young Adults Using a Lean and release Paradigm written by Kyra Elizabeth Twohy and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are commonly prescribed to individuals with conditions such as stroke and multiple sclerosis (MS) to assist with foot drop and other gait deficits. While AFOs have obvious benefits, there is still a high fall rate among wearers. This is likely due to the rigidity and support provided by AFOs, restricting ankle movements, which could be helpful for recovery upon a slip or trip. While there are numerous studies that utilize a lean-and-release mechanism to examine reactive stepping in order to better understand fall mechanisms and fall recovery strategies, no study has used this mechanism to understand the impact of an AFO. The goal of this study was to examine, first in healthy young adults, differences in step recovery with and without an AFO using a lean-and-release paradigm. Twenty healthy, young adults completed a total of 30 reactive stepping trials (10 no AFO and 10 wearing the AFO on each leg) in a lean-and-release system. The forward lean angle was set to a 15o. To determine release, two retro-reflective markers were attached to the harness, which would separate upon release. Each participant had retro-reflective markers placed on anatomical locations of the back, hips, thighs, shank, and feet. Study participants were instructed to do whatever was necessary to regain their balance. All trials were recorded with a VICON motion capture system linked to two Bertec in-ground force plates, one for each foot. Temporal and kinematic variables were calculated, as well as stepping foot preference. Differences between conditions were determined by running a one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc in SPSS to compare. Participants, on average, stepped 1.4 times more frequently with the leg not wearing the AFO. Step length was significantly shorter (p

Download or read book Postgraduate Orthopaedics written by Paul A. Banaszkiewicz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The must-have book for candidates preparing for the oral component of the FRCS (Tr and Orth).

Download or read book Athletic Footwear and Orthoses in Sports Medicine written by Matthew B. Werd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-17 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise manual is for sports medicine specialists who want to effectively prescribe footwear and orthotics for the athlete. The book provides a logical approach designed to maximize performance and minimize injury. In addition to the fundamentals, including athletic foot types, basic biomechanics, and gait evaluation, the text also addresses the assessment and prescription of shoes, inserts, and orthotics. The work covers new technologies and sports-specific recommendations as well. By presenting essential information in a convenient and easily accessible format, this book will prove to be invaluable for sports medicine physicians, podiatrists, physical therapists, athletic trainers, and other specialists when making footwear recommendations for athletes.

Download or read book Clinical Pathways in Stroke Rehabilitation written by Thomas Platz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book focuses on practical clinical problems that are frequently encountered in stroke rehabilitation. Consequences of diseases, e.g. impairments and activity limitations, are addressed in rehabilitation with the overall goal to reduce disability and promote participation. Based on the available best external evidence, clinical pathways are described for stroke rehabilitation bridging the gap between clinical evidence and clinical decision-making. The clinical pathways answer the questions which rehabilitation treatment options are beneficial to overcome specific impairment constellations and activity limitations and are well acceptable to stroke survivors, as well as when and in which settings to provide rehabilitation over the course of recovery post stroke. Each chapter starts with a description of the clinical problem encountered. This is followed by a systematic, but concise review of the evidence (RCTs, systematic reviews and meta-analyses) that is relevant for clinical decision-making, and comments on assessment, therapy (training, technology, medication), and the use of technical aids as appropriate. Based on these summaries, clinical algorithms / pathways are provided and the main clinical-decision situations are portrayed. The book is invaluable for all neurorehabilitation team members, clinicians, nurses, and therapists in neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and related fields. It is a World Federation for NeuroRehabilitation (WFNR) educational initiative, bridging the gap between the rapidly expanding clinical research in stroke rehabilitation and clinical practice across societies and continents. It can be used for both clinical decision-making for individuals and as well as clinical background knowledge for stroke rehabilitation service development initiatives.

Download or read book Gait Analysis written by Jacquelin Perry and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-06-01 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extensive and ground-breaking work of Dr. Jacquelin Perry is encompassed and detailed in the world renowned text, Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. The medical, healthcare, and rehabilitation professions key text for over 18 years on gait.... Now available in a much anticipated New Second Edition Dr. Jacquelin Perry is joined by Dr. Judith Burnfield to present today's latest research findings on human gait. Gait Analysis, Second Edition has been updated and expanded to focus on current research, more sophisticated methods, and the latest equipment available to analyze gait. What is New: • A new chapter covering running • Synergy of motion between the two limbs • A new chapter covering pediatrics • A new chapter covering stair negotiation • New and updated clinical examples • A section on power inside each chapter covering normal gait • New methods and equipment to analyze gait This Second Edition to Gait Analysis offers a re-organization of the chapters and presentation of material in a more user-friendly, yet comprehensive format. Essential information is provided describing gait functions, and clinical examples to identify and interpret gait deviations. Learning is further reinforced with images and photographs. Features: • Six sections cover the fundamentals, normal gait, pathological gait, clinical considerations, advanced locomotor functions, and gait analysis systems • Clinical significance of the most common pathological gait patterns • Over 470 illustrations and photographs, as well as 40 tables • Patient examples to illustrate elements of normal and pathological gait Tens of thousands of orthopedic, orthotic and prosthetic, physical therapy, and other rehabilitation professionals have kept a copy of Gait Analysis by their side for over 18 years...join the thousands more who will bring the Second Edition into their clinics, classrooms, and personal collections.

Download or read book Orthotics Etcetera written by John B. Redford and published by Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1980 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atlas of Orthoses and Assistive Devices written by Joseph Webster and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-11-24 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in the material sciences, 3D printing technology, functional electrical stimulation, smart devices and apps, FES technology, sensors and microprocessor technologies, and more have lately transformed the field of orthotics, making the prescription of these devices more complex than ever before. Atlas of Orthoses and Assistive Devices, 5th Edition, brings you completely up to date with these changes, helping physiatrists, orthopaedic surgeons, prosthetists, orthotists, and other rehabilitative specialists work together to select the appropriate orthotic device for optimal results in every patient.

Download or read book Load Analysis of Ankle Foot Orthoses During Gait written by Atichart Kwanyuang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Different causes of gait deficiencies generate different symptoms. It is important for orthotists to gain a better understanding on how to design Ankle Foot Orthoses (AFOs) in order to address individual biomechanical requirements. The loads acting on AFOs during gait are important factors for orthotists to accurately understand so as to design AFOs more effectively. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a validated Finite Element (FE) model, which could be used to quantify and analyse the loads acting on an AFO during gait. In this thesis, for mutual comparison and confirmation, pressures acting on the AFO are recorded by two different types of pressure transducers: resistive and capacitive. Trends of the results obtained from the two sensors are similar; however, the magnitudes tend to be different. Furthermore, an accurate digital 3D scanning model of an AFO is captured using the 3D digitiser which can be modified by Computer Aided Design (CAD) software before being exported to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software to create an FE model. Both the loads measured from the experiment and the assumed constraint during heel off are then applied to the FE model. To make the analysis more complete, a number of features of AFO and a range of FEA methods are conducted. The results are validated by both empirical findings from previous literature and an additional experiment carried out. Based on a healthy subject with no pathological gait, this study reveals that, on the one hand, the AFO is able to assist walking by carrying 6.89% of the overall magnitude of ground reaction force. On the other hand, it resists walking by generating 18.63% in dorsiflexion of the overall magnitude of the moment generated by the plantarflexors. It is therefore claimed that these findings are useful for orthotists involved in fitting AFOs, in order to efficiently design and construct them.

Download or read book Understanding the Effects of Wearing a Quantitatively Prescribed Passive dynamic Ankle foot Orthosis on the Mechanical Cost of transport and Gait Velocity in Individuals Post stroke written by Corey A. Koller and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals post-stroke are commonly prescribed passive-dynamic ankle-foot orthoses (PD-AFOs) to aid in the control of shank forward rotation during mid-to- terminal stance due to plantar flexor weakness. PD-AFO bending stiffness is a key orthotic characteristic that can assist the plantar flexor muscles by providing the resistance needed to control shank forward rotation. Controlling shank forward rotation can store and return mechanical energy that can potentially increase gait velocity and decrease total mechanical cost-of-transport (COT). We developed a prescription model that can quantitatively prescribe PD-AFO bending stiffness based on an individual's level of plantar flexor function deficit. The overall purpose of this dissertation was to quantify and compare post-stroke COT and gait velocity along with underlying joint-level mechanisms through a range of conditions over time while the participant wears their quantitatively prescribed PD-AFO and examine the relationships between COT and common clinical assessments. Ten individuals with chronic stroke (> six months post-stroke) participated and underwent five visits. A clinical evaluation and the data needed to prescribe and manufacture the PD-AFOs were captured at the first visit. The PD-AFOs were manufactured in carbon fiber material and then fitted to the participants. Data was collected as the participants walked on an instrumented treadmill while wearing the PD-AFO and then returned two weeks and four weeks later to complete the same analyses. Simulation modeling analysis was conducted to statistically test Aims 1-3. Results showed that the quantitatively prescribed PD-AFOs significantly decreased total mechanical COT and increased gait velocity, by at least one MDC, compared to not wearing an orthosis. When comparing wearing the PD-AFO to wearing the SOC AFO, seven out of the nine participants significantly decreased total mechanical COT and although all participants increased gait velocity, only two increased by at least one MDC. Despite these improvements, inconsistent results were seen in the joint-level parameters across the three orthoses conditions. While wearing the PD-AFO across a range of gait velocities, changes in total mechanical COT were seen. While wearing the PD-AFO over time, minimal to no changes were seen in the global and joint-level parameters. Lastly, three of the clinical assessments (Fugl-Meyer assessment, dorsiflexion ROM with the knee flexed to 90℗ʻ, and gait velocity) showed potential relationships to changes in total mechanical COT magnitudes while wearing the PD-AFO. In general, these results improved our understanding of how quantitatively prescribing PD-AFO bending stiffness effected gait biomechanics and energetics over a range of conditions.