Download or read book Food Sharing and Social Structure in an Arctic Mixed Economy written by Elspeth Ready and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines household livelihood strategies, particularly food sharing, and social structure. Although food sharing has been a central topic of research in human behavioural ecology, the field has lacked the methods necessary to scale up from dyadic interactions to broader social structures. Here, I employ social network theory and analysis to explore how strategic economic decisions, such as decisions about sharing, are embedded in and feedback onto social structures. The dynamics of these social structures have important consequences for processes of social and cultural change, including both the persistence of cultural practices and changes in socioeconomic inequality. This research is based on twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork in Kangiqsujuaq, Nunavik, an Inuit settlement of approximately 800 people on the eastern coast of the Hudson Strait in northern Canada. In Kangiqsujuaq, traditional Inuit socioeconomic goals and activities, particularly customary resource harvesting and sharing practices, co-exist and depend upon opportunities and constraints in the cash economy. Analyses presented in this dissertation are based on a questionnaire conducted with 110 Inuit households in the settlement. This questionnaire covered a broad range of subjects relevant to household livelihood strategies, including demographics, economics, harvest participation, food security, and food sharing networks. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on the development of mixed cash and subsistence economies in Inuit settlements and on evaluating the prevalence and form of food insecurity in Kangiqsujuaq. The food security assessment indicates that 41% of households in Kangiqsujuaq have low or very low food security, and analysis of these results reveals that food insecurity is correlated with other indicators of wealth. However, the patterning of Kangiqsujuarmiut responses also suggests that standard food security assessment modules need to be used in conjunction with other metrics of food access, such as food sharing networks, to adequately account for the additional factors that influence access to harvested foods. Chapters 4 through 6 examine customary food sharing in Kangiqsujuaq and its relationship with socioeconomic status. Most importantly, traditional food sharing in the settlement does not serve a single function such as reciprocity. Instead, food sharing emerges as a complex social, political, and economic phenomenon that accomplishes different objectives for actors based on their social position. Generosity is a strategy through which economic, political, and social advantages can be obtained and maintained, for those who can afford it. These network patterns impart broad social and economic consequences in the settlement. In particular, the sharing network is not structured to effectively reduce food insecurity for the settlement as a whole. Poor and food insecure households have the least resilient sharing networks. Social structures at the household level, including household divisions of labour and marriage patterns, also affect the economic strategies available to households. The network approach adopted in this research highlights the conjugate role of individual decisions and structural constraints in broader processes of social and cultural change. In Kangiqsujuaq, mixed economies persist because food-sharing articulates with social structure in ways that have consequences for the creation and persistence of inequality within the settlement. Food sharing among Inuit redistributes wealth, but the act of redistribution reinforces patterns of social organization in the settlement. Given the structural inequalities documented in this research, traditional sharing cannot be considered as a palliative to climate change so long as high levels of poverty continue to undermine food security, access to hunting equipment, and food sharing in Kangiqsujuaq.
Download or read book Food Sharing in Human Societies written by Nobuhiro Kishigami and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores why human beings share food with others using a humanistic anthropological approach. This book provides a comparative examination of distinct features and historical changes in food-sharing practices in various hunting-gathering societies, especially in the Inuit. The author considers human nature through various human food-sharing practices. Food sharing is a characteristic of human behavior and has been one of the central topics in anthropological studies of hunter-gatherers for a long time. While anthropologists have attempted to understand it in functional, historical, adaptational, social, cultural, psychological, or phenomenological perspective, they have failed to convincingly explain its origin, variation, existence or/and change. Recently, evolutionary ecology or behavioral ecology has dominated research of the topic. However, neither of them adequately considers social, cultural and historical factors in the analysis of human food-sharing practices. This book is an essential and fundamental study for every researcher interested in the relationship between human nature, society and culture.
Download or read book Critical Studies of the Arctic written by Marjo Lindroth and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-01 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a pioneering effort in critical Arctic studies. The contributions identify and investigate some of the blind spots in human development in the Arctic that research in the social sciences had yet to broach. To this end, the authors tap a variety of critical approaches in fields spanning aesthetics, affect theory, biopolitics, critical geopolitics, Indigenous archaeology, intersectionality, legal anthropology, moral economy, narrative studies, neoliberal governmentality, queer studies and socio-legal studies. The chapters probe topics such as representations of the Arctic in contemporary art, the role of affects in postcolonial Greenland, Canada’s Arctic policies and China’s engagement with the Arctic. The book provides a rich knowledge base for researchers in Arctic social sciences and offers an absorbing textbook for students interested in Arctic issues.
Download or read book Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference of The Computational Social Science Society of the Americas written by Zining Yang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-02 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest research into CSS methods, uses, and results, as presented at the 2019 annual conference of the CSSSA. This conference was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, October 24 – 27, 2019, at the Drury Plaza Hotel. What follows is a diverse representation of new results and approaches for using the tools of CSS and agent-based modeling (ABM) for exploring complex phenomena across many different domains. Readers will therefore not only have the results of these specific projects on which to build, but will also gain a greater appreciation for the broad scope of CSS, and have a wealth of case-study examples that can serve as meaningful exemplars for new research projects and activities. The Computational Social Science Society of the Americas (CSSSA) is a professional society that aims to advance the field of CSS in all its areas, from fundamental principles to real-world applications, by holding conferences and workshops, promoting standards of scientific excellence in research and teaching, and publishing novel research findings.
Download or read book Scale Matters written by Thomas Widlok and published by transcript Verlag. This book was released on 2022-06-30 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scale matters. When conducting research and writing, scholars upscale and downscale. So do the subjects of their work - we scale, they scale. Although scaling is an integrant part of research, we rarely reflect on scaling as a practice and what happens when we engage with it in scholarly work. The contributors aim to change this: they explore the pitfalls and potentials of scaling in an interdisciplinary dialogue. The volume brings together scholars from diverse fields, working on different geographical areas and time periods, to engage with scale-conscious questions regarding human sociality, culture, and evolution. With contributions by Nurit Bird-David, Robert L. Kelly, Charlotte Damm, Andreas Maier, Brian Codding, Elspeth Ready, Bram Tucker, Graeme Warren and others.
Download or read book Collaborative Innovation Networks written by Francesca Grippa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-28 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book reveals how Collaborative Innovation Networks (COINs) can be used to achieve resilience to change and external shocks. COINs, which consist of 'cyberteams' of motivated individuals, are self-organizing emergent social systems for coping with external change. The book describes how COINs enable resilience in healthcare, e.g. through teams of patients, family members, doctors and researchers to support patients with chronic diseases, or by reducing infant mortality by forming groups of mothers, social workers, doctors, and policymakers. It also examines COINs within large corporations and how they build resilience by forming, spontaneously and without intervention on the part of the management, to creatively respond to new risks and external threats. The expert contributions also discuss how COINs can benefit startups, offering new self-organizing forms of leadership in which all stakeholders collaborate to develop new products.
Download or read book Human Behavioral Ecology and Coastal Environments written by Heather B. Thakar and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examples of a research approach that sheds light on coastal societies in the past In this volume, contributors apply human behavioral ecology theoretical models to coastal environments around the globe and to the use of coastal resources by past human societies. Evidence demonstrates that coastlines and islands are dynamic environments that were important in early human migrations, and this volume shows how researchers can gain insights about human behavior in these settings through its critical regional reviews and detailed local case studies. The volume begins by introducing the importance of theory in the reconstruction of human behavior and provides examples of traditional foraging models. Contributors then offer perspectives from North, Central, and South America, the Caribbean, Europe, Africa, Australia, and Polynesia. They discuss unique challenges faced by coastal societies, including extreme seasonality, patchy resource distribution, natural hazards, balancing coastal and terrestrial resource needs, aquatic technological innovation, and multiscale environmental change. Human Behavioral Ecology and Coastal Environments demonstrates that exploring decision-making and cultural behaviors is key to understanding how humans have lived in and related to these environments. Through its application of human behavioral ecology models, this volume sheds light on the evolving adaptations of societies in a variety of coastal contexts through time and across space. A volume in the series Society and Ecology in Island and Coastal Archaeology, edited by Victor D. Thompson and Scott M. Fitzpatrick
Download or read book Human Behavioral Ecology written by Jeremy Koster and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-29 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to the latest theory and empirical research in the field of human behavioral ecology.
Download or read book Reciprocity Rules written by Michelle C. Johnson and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reciprocity Rules explores the rich and complicated relationships that develop between anthropologists and research participants over time. Focusing on compensation and the creation of friendship and “family” relationships, contributors discuss what, when, and how researchers and the people with whom they work give to each other in and beyond fieldwork. Through reflexivity and narrative, the contributors to this edited collection, who are in various stages in their professional careers and whose research spans three continents and eight countries, reflect on the ways in which they have compensated their research participants and given back to host communities, as well as the varied responses to their efforts. The contributors consider both material and non-material forms of reciprocity, stories of successes and failures, and the taken-for-granted notions of compensation, friendship, and “helping.” In so doing, they address the interpersonal dynamics of power and agency in the field, examine cultural misunderstandings, and highlight the challenges that anthropologists face as they strive to maintain good relations with their hosts even when separated by time and space. The contributors argue that while learning, following, openly discussing, and writing about the local rules of reciprocity are always challenging, they are essential to responsible research practice and ongoing efforts to decolonize anthropology.
Download or read book United States Arctic Research Plan written by Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive statement of U.S. national needs and priorities in the areas of national security, national resource development, and acquisition of new scientific knowledge in the arctic. Includes recommendations for all disciplines.
Download or read book The Give and Take of Sustainability written by Michelle Hegmon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, ethnographical and archaeological perspectives on tradeoffs help the reader to think about hard choices, and how to make better decisions today and tomorrow.
Download or read book Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Scientific Report written by Arctic Climate Impact Assessment and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-11-07 with total page 1053 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social, and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also affect the rest of the world through increased global warming and rising sea levels. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment was prepared by an international team of over 300 scientists, experts, and knowledgeable members of indigenous communities. The report has been thoroughly researched, is fully referenced, and provides the first comprehensive evaluation of arctic climate change, changes in ultraviolet radiation and their impacts for the region and for the world. It is illustrated in full color throughout. The results provided the scientific foundations for the ACIA synthesis report - Impacts of a Warming Arctic - published by Cambridge University Press in 2004.
Download or read book Arctic Social Indicators written by Joan Nymand Larsen and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additional keywords : Indigenous, Aboriginal or Native peoples, Inuit, Northern Canada, Alaska, Scandinavia, Northern Russia, Greenland, Iceland, Siberia.
Download or read book Arctic Oil and Gas written by Aslaug Mikkelsen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-08-18 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. 1. The Arctic: context, framework and methodology -- pt. 2. Legal and institutional framework: case studies -- pt. 3. Comparisons and managerial implications.
Download or read book Sustainable Food Security in the Arctic written by Gérard Duhaime and published by Canadian Circumpolar Institute. This book was released on 2002 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arctic Food Security written by Nick Bernard and published by Canadian Circumpolar Institute. This book was released on 2008 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-published by: CIâERA, Universitâe Laval.
Download or read book Climate Change 2022 Impacts Adaptation and Vulnerability written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-22 with total page 3070 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the scientific literature relevant to climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. The report recognizes the interactions of climate, ecosystems and biodiversity, and human societies, and integrates across the natural, ecological, social and economic sciences. It emphasizes how efforts in adaptation and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions can come together in a process called climate resilient development, which enables a liveable future for biodiversity and humankind. The IPCC is the leading body for assessing climate change science. IPCC reports are produced in comprehensive, objective and transparent ways, ensuring they reflect the full range of views in the scientific literature. Novel elements include focused topical assessments, and an atlas presenting observed climate change impacts and future risks from global to regional scales. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
