Download or read book Fluorescence Based Approach to Drinking Water Treatment Plant Natural Organic Matter NOM Characterization Treatment and Management written by Nancy Pilar Sanchez Morcote and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Samples of raw and treated water after coagulation were collected from drinking treatment systems serving the cities of Akron, Barberton, Newton Falls and Ravenna (OH). Sampling was performed in a weekly basis (e.g., one to three samples each week) during periods comprising from two to three years, leading to the collection of between 600 and 1000 samples at each treatment facility. Water quality parameters (e.g., dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pH, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254)), bromide content, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEM), and disinfection by-product and total organic halogen formation potential (DBPFP and TOX-FP) were determined for the samples before and after coagulation. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was applied in order to generate independent models on different subsets of each drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) data set: (i) raw water, (ii) treated water, (iii) composite data set (i.e., raw and treated water), and (iv) differential EEM ([delta]EEM)-based model. Three principal fluorophore groups were identified in the Akron, Barberton and Newton Falls raw and treated water data sets (two components with humic nature and a component with protein-like character), while four moieties (two humic-like and two protein-like components) were retained in the group of samples from Ravenna DWTP. Results of independent PARAFAC modeling were analyzed based on an uncorrected matrix correlation (UMC) approach in order to determine the impact of different coagulants on the structural character of the PARAFAC fluorophore groups. A quantitative analysis intended to study the distribution of the fluorophore moieties before and after treatment, predominant fluorescent structures in the treated water, and PARAFAC components being most affected by the specific coagulant in each DWTP was conducted. Results indicate that NOM in the water sources under monitoring has a highly similar spectral character. Principal conclusions after analysis in a multi-coagulant and multi-plant scenario included: (i) coagulation does not have a significant impact on the structure of the PARAFAC components, (ii) no new fluorescence entities are formed after coagulation, (iii) only physical removal of fluorophores is taking place in the coagulation process, and (iv) irrespective of the coagulant being applied (e.g., aluminum or iron-based salt), the same fluorescence entity (C2-high humic-like component) is the most affected by coagulation in terms of removal. PARAFAC analysis on [delta]EEM showed to be a valuable tool in order to determine recalcitrant fluorescence groups to coagulation treatment and to establish preferential removal of a specific moiety. Study of the coagulation process in the Akron DWTP, which corresponds to a parallel treatment train involving application of aluminum sulfate (alum) and aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) on the same water source, confirmed that the fraction of NOM being impacted by these coagulants is identical and variations can only be noticed in the relative reduction attained for the estimated concentration of each fluorophore group in the NOM. Analysis of this particular DWTP demonstrated that a fluorescence-PARAFAC approach can improve the traditional DOC based-criterion used in DWTPs for selection and evaluation of a particular coagulant. Incorporation of PARAFAC components in a previously formulated semi-empirical coagulation model allowed establishing the role of each fluorophore group in the fraction of non-sorbable DOC (fraction of DOC that is not removed by coagulation) at each DWTP, offering improved understanding of the character of this organic material. Results showed that this fraction exhibited significant variation during the period of study at each treatment facility, while the fraction of sorbable DOC being effectively removed by coagulation had a significant non-linear association with the coagulant dose being applied; suggesting that marginal DOC removal will be attained after a specific concentration of coagulant has been applied. PARAFAC components showed to be suitable predictors of DBPFP and TOX-FP when multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Predictive capability differed for each set of raw and treated water samples and varied in an inter-DWTP basis. Higher association of PARAFAC components with trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was observed compared with the degree of fitting when the haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) was analyzed. PARAFAC components with humic-like nature showed to be closely associated with THMFP and HAAFP, while structures with protein-like nature exhibited weak association with DBPFP and TOX-FP. PARAFAC analysis provided insight about the particularities of each water source and the efficiency of the specific treatment process applied in each facility. Results indicate that fluorescence analysis coupled with PARAFAC application may represent a practical tool to be used in the control and optimization of the water treatment operations increasing the efficiency of the processes (e.g., reducing chemical costs) and assuring the desired quality characteristics in the drinking water being supplied.
Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.
Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive text on the theory and practice of aquatic organic matter fluorescence analysis, written by the experts who pioneered the research area. This book covers the topic in the broadest possible terms, providing a common reference for making measurements that are comparable across disciplines, and allowing consistent interpretation of data and results. The book includes the fundamental physics and chemistry of organic matter fluorescence, as well as the effects of environmental factors. All aspects of sample handling, data processing, and the operation of both field and laboratory instrumentation are included, providing the practical advice required for successful fluorescence analyses. Advanced methods for data interpretation and modeling, including parallel factor analysis, are also discussed. The book will interest those establishing field, laboratory, or industrial applications of fluorescence, including advanced students and researchers in environmental chemistry, marine science, environmental geosciences, environmental engineering, soil science, and physical geography.
Download or read book Characterization and Removal of Natural Organic Matter NOM in Drinking Water Treatment Processes written by 尤寧洛 and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Natural Organic Matter in Drinking Water written by Jean-Phillipe Croue and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research reported on here sought to characterize natural organic matter (NOM) in dilute solutions and to isolate it without altering its properties, so that the effect of NOM in drinking water may be considered. Several NOM isolation methods were evaluated, including evaporation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and adsorption. The effects of such isolation procedures on NOM's chemical composition and reactivity were considered. Based on these studies, the report presents conclusions regarding the feasibility and adequacy of in situ and ex situ techniques. Croue is affiliated with Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Eau de l'Environment, Universite de Poiters. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Application and Refinement of Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Organic Matter Characterization in Drinking Water written by Nicolas Miguel Peleato and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research examined the use and advancement of fluorescence spectroscopy as an organic characterization method in drinking water treatment, providing novel insight into the performance of and fundamental mechanisms of water treatment processes. Using fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with analysis techniques including parallel factors analysis (PARAFAC) and peak shifts, biofiltration was found to have variable impact on individual fluorophores. The fluorescence method identified production of humic-like matter by the microbial communities, ultimately resulting in a unique treated organic character of the treated water. Through correlations with formation potentials of halogenated furanones, polysaccharides were identified as possible precursors. Pre-oxidation, was suggested to result in increased proportionality of carbonyl-containing functional groups and greater carbon oxidative state. A continuous fluorescence system was developed as part of this research and implemented in two studies focused on fouling mitigation of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. A full-scale study was conducted that continuously monitored membrane feed water organic character. Utilizing the continuous fluorescence, improved prediction accuracy of membrane fouling was found using a neural network approach. A second study, conducted at bench-scale focused on understanding the role of organic surface changes and irreversible fouling potential. Low coagulant doses (
Download or read book Integrating Water Systems written by Joby Boxall and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-07-24 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of articles by leading international experts on modeling and control of potable water distribution and sewerage collection systems, focusing on advances in sensors, instrumentation and communications technologies; assessment of sensor reliability, accuracy and fitness; data management including SCADA and GIS; system
Download or read book Natural Organic Matter Characterization of Different Source and Treated Waters Implications for Membrane Fouling Control written by Jamie Croft and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Reclamation Technologies for Safe Managed Aquifer Recharge written by Christian Kazner and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04-14 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of Groundwater Set - Buy all six books and save over 30% on buying separately! Water Reclamation Technologies for Safe Managed Aquifer Recharge has been developed from the RECLAIM WATER project supported by the European Commission under Thematic Priority 'Global Change and Ecosystems' of the Sixth Framework Programme. Its strategic objective is to develop hazard mitigation technologies for water reclamation providing safe and cost effective routes for managed aquifer recharge. Different treatment applications in terms of behaviour of key microbial and chemical contaminants are assessed. Engineered as well as natural treatment trains are investigated to provide guidance for sustainable MAR schemes using alternative sources such as effluent and stormwater. The technologies considered are also well suited to the needs of developing countries, which have a growing need of supplementation of freshwater resources. A broad range of international full-scale case studies enables insights into long-term system behaviour, operational aspects, and fate of a comprehensive number of compounds and contaminants, especially organic micropollutants and bulk organics. Water Reclamation Technologies for Safe Managed Aquifer Recharge depicts advances in water reclamation technologies and aims to provide new process combinations to treat alternative water sources to appropriate water quality levels for sustainable aquifer recharge. Editors: Christian Kazner, RWTH Aachen University, Germany, Thomas Wintgens, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Peter Dillon, CSIRO, Australia
Download or read book Fluorescence Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Total Organic Carbon and Disinfection By product Formation written by Matthew Brendan Washington and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the concerns facing the drinking water industry is the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during the disinfection stage of treatment. Organic DBPs form during the oxidation of the natural organic matter (NOM) found in natural waters by the application of a disinfectant, such as chlorine. NOM is composed of two aggregate materials, humic and non-humic substances. It is unknown which portions of NOM react with the oxidant to form DBPs. Methods used to predict the formation of DBPs include total organic carbon (TOC) analysis and Trihalomethane Formation Potential (THMFP), which are time consuming and do not give specific information. This research explored the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to identify the humic portion of NOM and to predict the formation of DBPs.
Download or read book Aquananotechnology written by Kamel A Abd-Elsalam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-12-01 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquananotechnology: Applications of Nanomaterials for Water Purification focuses on the impacts of, and opportunities for, the application of nanotechnology to enhance water quality and the societal concerns surrounding the widespread use of nanotechnology in the water arena. Sections cover the use of nano-sensors for the detection of water pollutants, the control of waterborne pathogens, and the use of nano-biochar coal fly composites for phytoremdtions wastewater pollutants. In addition, the book explores the uses of nanoadsorbents for heavy metals, dyes, Arsenic, pesticides, and water/wastewater remediation and decontamination of water from xenobiotics, bionanocomposites, metal oxides, silver, zinc nanoparticles, and carbon-based nanomaterials for wastewater treatment. In addition, the book covers the use of zerovalent iron nanomaterials and nanostructured mesoporous silica for water purification, along with nano-hydrogels to increase water efficiency and conservation. Finally, the socioeconomic impacts and risks of aquananotechnology in ecosystems are discussed. This book provides a detailed description of the ecological applications of nanomaterials in aquatic environments, offering a cogent analysis of both major applications and challenges. Shows how a range of nanomaterial types are being used for ecological applications in aquatic environments Explores the effects different types of nanomaterials have on a variety of ecosystems Assesses the major challenges of using nanotechnology to improve water quality on a mass scale
Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Sillanpaa and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Organic Matter in Water: Characterization, Treatment Methods, and Climate Change Impact, Second Edition focuses on advanced filtration and treatment options, as well as processes for reducing disinfection by-products, making it an essential resource on the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water. Based on the editor’s years of research and field experience, the book covers general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis, and biological testing, along with removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. In addition, sections cover electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and membrane fouling. This book is a valuable guide for engineers and researchers looking to integrate methods, processes and technologies to achieve desired affects. Provides a summary of up-to-date information surrounding NOM Presents enhanced knowledge on treatment strategies for the removal of NOM Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods
Download or read book Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By products Characterization and Control in Drinking Water written by Sylvia E. Barrett and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many by-products of water disinfection that are still not fully understood and can be potentially harmful. In this volume all the current research in this area is discussed, along with an examination of the role of NOM (natural organic matter) and its relationship to DBP (disinfection by-product) formation and control in drinking water. Understanding the relationship of NOM to DBP may well lead to new techniques for analyzing and treating water and enable reasonable choices to be made for source-water protection, treatment plant process optimization, and distribution system operation to control DBP's. This volume emphasizes the characterization and reactivity of polar natural organic matter. It examines analytical methods which better characterize NOM and determines some of the polar and nonvolatile DBP forms. It presents innovative new methods, sich as capillary electrophoresis for haloacetic aceids and LC/MS for the identification of polar dinking water DBPs.
Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Silanpää and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 77 percent of the freshwater used in the United States comes from surface-water sources and is subject to natural organic matter contamination according to the United States Geological Survey. This presents a distinct challenge to water treatment engineers. An essential resource to the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water, Natural Organic Matter in Waters: Characterization and Treatment Methods focuses on advance filtration and treatment options, and processes for reducing disinfection byproducts. Based on the author’s years of research and field experience, this book begins with the characterization of NOM including: general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis and biological testing. This is followed by removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. Electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as: electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and membrane fouling. Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods Includes characterization methods of NOM Explains removal methods such as: removal by coagulation, electrochemical, advanced oxidation, and integrated methods
Download or read book Photobiogeochemistry of Organic Matter written by Khan M.G. Mostofa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-15 with total page 919 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoinduced processes, caused by natural sunlight, are key functions for sustaining all living organisms through production and transformation of organic matter (OM) in the biosphere. Production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from OM is a primary step of photoinduced processes, because H2O2 acts as strong reductant and oxidant. It is potentially important in many aquatic reactions, also in association with photosynthesis. Allochthonous and autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) can be involved into several photoinduced or biological processes. DOM subsequently undergoes several physical, chemical, photoinduced and biological processes, which can be affected by global warming. This book is uniquely structured to overview some vital issues, such as: DOM; H2O2 and ROOH; HO•; Degradation of DOM; CDOM, FDOM; Photosynthesis; Chlorophyll; Metal complexation, and Global warming, as well as their mutual interrelationships, based on updated scientific results.
Download or read book Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 1537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Water Quality and Purification, Four Volume Set provides a rich source of methods for analyzing water to assure its safety from natural and deliberate contaminants, including those that are added because of carelessness of human endeavors. Human development has great impact on water quality, and new contaminants are emerging every day. The issues of sampling for water analysis, regulatory considerations, and forensics in water quality and purity investigations are covered in detail. Microbial as well as chemical contaminations from inorganic compounds, radionuclides, volatile and semivolatile compounds, disinfectants, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals, including endocrine disruptors, are treated extensively. Researchers must be aware of all sources of contamination and know how to prescribe techniques for removing them from our water supply. Unlike other works published to date that concentrate on issues of water supply, water resource management, hydrology, and water use by industry, this work is more tightly focused on the monitoring and improvement of the quality of existing water supplies and the recovery of wastewater via new and standard separation techniques Using analytical chemistry methods, offers remediation advice on pollutants and contaminants in addition to providing the critical identification perspective The players in the global boom of water purification are numerous and varied. Having worked extensively in academia and industry, the Editor-in-Chief has been careful about constructing a work for a shared audience and cause
Download or read book Characterising Water Treatment Works Performance Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic matter (OM) in drinking water treatment is a common impediment responsible for increased coagulant and disinfectant dosages, formation of carcinogenic disinfection-by products (DBPs), and microbial re-growth in distribution system. The inherent heterogeneity of OM implies the utilization of advanced analytical techniques for its characterisation and assessment of removal efficiency. Here, the application of simple fluorescence excitation-emission (EEM) spectroscopy to OM characterisation in drinking water treatment was presented. Monthly raw and clarified water samples were obtained for 16 UK surface water treatment works. Fluorescence EEM spectroscopy was used for the assessment of total organic carbon (TOC) removal and OM characterisation. Fluorescence peak C intensity was found to be a sensitive and reliable measure of OM content and hence an indicator of DBPs presence. Fluorescence peak C emission wavelength and peak T intensity (reflecting the degree of hydrophobicity and the microbial fraction respectively) were found to characterise the OM; the impact of both on TOC removal efficiency was apparent. OM fluorescence properties were shown to predict TOC removal, and identify spatial and temporal variations. The simplicity, sensitivity, speed of analysis and low cost, combined with potential for incorporation into on-line monitoring systems, mean that fluorescence spectroscopy offers distinct advantages over other THM precursors characterisation techniques.
