Download or read book Flow Chemistry and the Synthesis of Energetic Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow chemistry is seen as a disruptive innovation that expands chemistry's horizon and opens up new market possibilities. In addition to pharmaceutical applications, flow chemistry is expanding into organometallic chemistry, fine chemicals, polymers, peptides, nanomaterials, and energetic materials synthesis. In Chapter 2 of this report, we review the principles of flow chemistry, and highlight the potential benefits compared to performing reactions in batch mode. For example, flow reactors facilitate the fast dissipation of heat created during highly exothermic reactions, such as mixing of sulfuric-nitric acid, nitration reactions, or possible side reactions such as oxidation of nitro-aromatic compounds. Heat transfer rate in flow reactors can be magnitudes of orders faster than in a batch reactor and this prevents the hot-spot generation that can stimulate side reactions or runaway reactions to occur. Flow chemistry is also ideally suited for performing optimisation with design of experiments, which is a statistical approach used to optimise chemical processes and which allows a fuller investigation of parameter-space of a reaction, including cross-factor interactions. Reaction parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, and amount of reagents can be controlled in a very precise and automated way via the system software, and it also straightforward to plan a sequence of experiments. Until now, the industrial production of energetic materials (i.e., explosives, propellants & pyrotechnics) has been dominated by traditional batch processing. Despite improvements in safety practices, accidents still occur during the production and processing of energetic materials for both the civilian and military market. The manufacturing of many high explosives is mainly done by applying nitration, as most are nitro compounds. Nitration is an exothermic chemical process to introduce a nitro group (-NO2) into an organic compound, and this step poses an elevated safety risk. However, the inherent advantages of flow chemistry are attracting interest in the energetics materials community, because of its potential to improve safety, reproducibility, and efficiency in the production of energetic materials. In Chapter 3 of this report, we review over 40 publications concerning the application of flow chemistry to synthesise energetic materials. The compounds concerned include nitro compounds, polynitrogen compounds, azides, styphnates, peroxides, peracids and energetic ionic liquids. Around three quarters of the publications were published during the last 10 years. Looking to the future, we can expect flow chemistry to play a central role in the trend towards increased automation in the selection, optimisation, and synthesis of novel compounds. In the area of energetic materials, a more widespread adoption of flow chemistry could - as part of a broad range of initiatives - contribute to enhanced safety in the production of explosives.
Download or read book Flow Chemistry Applications written by Ferenc Darvas and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fully up-dated edition of the two-volume work covers both the theoretical foundation as well as the practical aspects. A strong insight in driving a chemical reaction is crucial for a deeper understanding of new potential technologies. New procedures for warranty of safety and green principles are discussed. Vol. 1: Fundamentals.
Download or read book Energetic Compounds written by Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses methods for the assessment of energetic compounds through heat of detonation, detonation pressure, velocity and temperature, Gurney energy and power. The authors focus on the detonation pressure and detonation velocity of non-ideal aluminized energetic compounds. This 2nd Edition includes an updated and improved presentation of simple, reliable methods for the design, synthesis and development of novel energetic compounds.
Download or read book Accounts on Sustainable Flow Chemistry written by Timothy Noël and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.
Download or read book Flow Chemistry Applications written by Ferenc Darvas and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Flow Chemistry fills the gap in graduate education by covering chemistry and reaction principles along with current practice, including examples of relevant commercial reaction, separation, automation, and analytical equipment. The Editors of Flow Chemistry are commended for having taken the initiative to bring together experts from the field to provide a comprehensive treatment of fundamental and practical considerations underlying flow chemistry. It promises to become a useful study text and as well as reference for the graduate students and practitioners of flow chemistry." Professor Klavs Jensen Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Broader theoretical insight in driving a chemical reaction automatically opens the window towards new technologies particularly to flow chemistry. This emerging concept promotes the transformation of present day's organic processes into a more rapid continuous set of synthesis operations, more compatible with the envisioned sustainable world. These two volumes Fundamentals and Applications provide both the theoretical foundation as well as the practical aspects.
Download or read book Chemistry of Energetic Materials written by George A. Olah and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable Flow Chemistry written by Luigi Vaccaro and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ready reference not only presents the hot and emerging topic of modern flow chemistry, it is also unique in illustrating the important connection to sustainable chemistry. Focusing on more sustainable methods and applications, the text extensively covers every important field from reaction time optimization to waste minimization, and from safety improvements to microwave applications. In addition, green metrics are presented as a key aspect of the book, helping readers to evaluate the efficiency of flow technologies and their impact on the overall efficiency of a chemical process. An invaluable handbook for every chemist working in the laboratory, whether in academia or industry.
Download or read book Energetic Materials written by Mark J. Mezger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will take an in-depth look at the technologies, processes, and capabilities to develop and produce "next generation" energetic materials for both commercial and defense applications, including military, mining operations, oil production and well perforation, and construction demolition. It will serve to highlight the critical technologies, latest developments, and the current capability gaps that serve as barriers to military fielding or transition to the commercial marketplace. It will also explain how the processing technologies can be spun out for use in other non-energetics related industries.
Download or read book Catalytic Methods in Flow Chemistry written by Christophe Len and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chemical industry is essential in the daily humn life of modern society; despite the misconception about the real need for chemical production, everyone enjoys the benefit of the chemical progress. However, the chemical industry generates a large variety of products, including (i) basic chemicals, e.g., polymers, petrochemicals, and basic inorganics; (ii) specialty chemicals for crop protection, paints, inks, colorants, textiles, paper, and engineering; and (iii) consumer chemicals, including detergents, soaps, etc. For these reasons, chemists in both acdemia and industry are challenged with developing green and sustainable chemical production towrad the full-recycling of feedstocks and waste. Aiming to improve the intensification of the process, chemists have established chemical reactions based on catalysis, as well as alternative technologies, such as continuous flow. The aim of this book is to cover promising recent research and novel trends in the field of novel catalytic reactions (homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzymatic, as well as their combinations) in continuous flow conditions. A collection of recent contribution for conversion of starting material originated from petroleum resources or biomass into highly-added value chemicals are reported.
Download or read book Energetic Materials written by Institut Chemische Technologie and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Energy Chemistry and Processing in Liquids written by Yoshie Ishikawa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-05 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on chemical reactions and processing under extreme conditions—how materials react with highly concentrated active species and/or in a very confined high-temperature and high-pressure volume. Those ultimate reaction environments created by a focused laser beam, discharges, ion bombardments, or microwaves provide characteristic nano- and submicron-sized products and functional nanostructures. The book explores the chemistry and processing of metals and non-metals as well as molecules that are strongly dependent on the energy deposition processes and character of the materials. Descriptions of a wide range of topics are given from the perspective of a variety of research methodologies, material preparations, and applications. The reader is led to consider and review how a high-energy source interacts with materials, and what the key factors are that determine the quality and quantity of nanoproducts and nano-processing.
Download or read book An Investigation Into green Energetic Materials by the Synthesis of Novel Main group Coordination Compounds written by Lara James and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photochemical Processes In Continuous flow Reactors From Engineering Principles To Chemical Applications written by Timothy Noel and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-02-27 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuous-flow photochemistry is an expanding field within chemistry. It unites the mass transfer enhancement of flow chemistry with the high energy field density of microscale geometries. Moreover, it provides means to scale photochemical reactions efficiently.This book gives an overview of both technological and chemical aspects associated with photochemical processes in microreactors. It provides analysis, the first of its kind, of these new technologies developed within the field of photochemical processes, with a description and case studies of practical implementation. It specifically looks at:By providing a deeper understanding of underlying concepts, coupled with numerous examples, this book is an essential reference for chemistry students, researchers and professionals working on photochemistry, photoredox catalysis, flow chemistry, process chemistry and reactor engineering.
Download or read book Advanced Green Chemistry Part 1 Greener Organic Reactions And Processes written by Istvan T Horvath and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Chemistry has evolved in response to several environmental issues in the second half of the last century, mostly due to the almost freely expanding chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. During the past two decades Green Chemistry grew rapidly and we can now consider this area as a mature and powerful field. Tremendous development has taken place in many important areas including renewable energy and resources, reaction environments, catalysis, synthesis, chemical biology, green materials, in situ monitoring and facile recycling. The combination of Green Chemistry with engineering, biology, toxicology, and physics will lead to novel interdisciplinary systems, which can now lift Green Chemistry to the next, advanced level.The editors of this book have assembled as authors among the best specialists of this growing area of research. This collection of reviews and perspectives provides an exciting vision of the more recent developments in Green Chemistry. It illustrates the breath of the field and its role to address environmental issues. This volume will serve as a book of reference showing a panoramic view of the field and a preview of its future direction as well as a book of inspiration for those aiming to further advance its frontiers.
Download or read book Green Chemical Engineering Volume 12 written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green chemistry and chemical engineering belong together and this twelth volume in the successful Handbook of Green Chemistry series represents the perfect one-stop reference on the topic. Written by an international team of specialists with each section edited by international leading experts, this book provides first-hand insights into the field, covering chemical engineering process design, innovations in unit operations and manufacturing, biorefining and much more besides. An indispensable source for every chemical engineer in industry and academia.
Download or read book Energy Materials Discovery written by Geoffrey A Ozin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-06-13 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials have the potential to be the centrepiece for the transition to viable renewable energy technologies if they realise a specific suite of properties and achieve a desired set of performance metrics. The envisioned transition involves the discovery of materials that enable generation, conversion, storage, transmission, and utilization of renewable energy. This book presents, through the eye of materials chemistry, an umbrella view of the myriad of classes of materials that make renewable energy technologies work. They are poised to facilitate the transition of non-renewable and unsustainable energy systems of the past into renewable and sustainable energy systems of the future. It is a story that often begins in chemistry laboratories with the discovery of new energy materials. Yet, to displace materials in existing energy technologies with new ones, depends not only on the ability to design and engineer a superior set of performance metrics for the material and the technology but also the requirement to meet a demanding collection of economic, regulatory, social, policy, environmental and sustainability criteria. Disruption in the traditional way of discovering materials is coming with the emergence of artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotic automation designed to accelerate the well-established discovery process, massive libraries of materials can be evaluated and the possibilities are endless. This book provides a perspective on the application of these new technologies to this field as well as an overview of energy materials discovery in the broader techno-economic and social context. Any budding researcher or more experienced materials scientist will find a guide to a fascinating story of discovery and emerge with a vision of what is next.
Download or read book Chemical Rocket Propulsion written by Luigi T. De Luca and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 1069 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed and expanded from the work presented at the New Energetic Materials and Propulsion Techniques for Space Exploration workshop in June 2014, this book contains new scientific results, up-to-date reviews, and inspiring perspectives in a number of areas related to the energetic aspects of chemical rocket propulsion. This collection covers the entire life of energetic materials from their conceptual formulation to practical manufacturing; it includes coverage of theoretical and experimental ballistics, performance properties, as well as laboratory-scale and full system-scale, handling, hazards, environment, ageing, and disposal. Chemical Rocket Propulsion is a unique work, where a selection of accomplished experts from the pioneering era of space propulsion and current technologists from the most advanced international laboratories discuss the future of chemical rocket propulsion for access to, and exploration of, space. It will be of interest to both postgraduate and final-year undergraduate students in aerospace engineering, and practicing aeronautical engineers and designers, especially those with an interest in propulsion, as well as researchers in energetic materials.
