Download or read book Flood Duration and Nitrogen Management Impacts on Corn Physiology and Morphology written by Taylor Elizabeth Dill and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in precipitation patterns are increasing the likelihood that crops will experience saturated soil conditions or flooding at some point during the growing season. When corn (Zea mays) is growing under excessive moisture, many physiological and morphological responses occur which include reduced photosynthetic rates, growth and development, and changes in root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) production. The production of RCA has been studied with corn inbreds under drought and nitrogen (N) stress; however, RCA production in flooded corn and how it may impact N uptake (especially post-flood) has not been evaluated using modern hybrids or inbreds. A field study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Ohio to evaluate the interaction between flooding duration and N application rates. The study utilized a split-plot randomized complete block design. The whole plot factor was flood duration (0, 2, 4, or 6 days initiated at V4 to V5) and the subplot factor was N application rate (0, 134, and 202 kg N ha-1). Measurements included height, photosynthetic rate, leaf greenness (SPAD) biomass, and root porosity (an indirect measurement of RCA), N uptake, and grain yield. The results of this study suggest that lengthening flood duration increases root exploration via biomass partitioning and RCA production. Grain yield tended to increase with N application regardless of flood duration, but was most limited under extended flood and low N rates. Soil nitrate levels two weeks after flood initiation may serve as an approximation of yield and economic return potential, while SPAD values at the same termination date may serve as an approximation of soil nitrate. Traditional flood tolerant phenotypes are varied between modern corn hybrids and recombinant inbred lines. Therefore, targeting flood tolerant phenotypes in a wide range of inbred lines may improve flood tolerance in modern hybrids. Investigating the response of corn to flood duration helps show the importance of modern hybrids and determines the physiological traits that are most beneficial to overcome stress. Assessing the role of N application timing and rate will directly impact producer’s in season N application decisions. Future research on N application practices after flood events paired with the use of soil samples leaf greenness tools to estimate soil nitrate levels would impact management practices further.
Download or read book Nitrogen Fertilizer Management of Temporarily Waterlogged Soils to Improve Corn Production and Reduce Environmental Nitrogen Loss written by Brendan A. Zurweller and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intense precipitation events during the corn growing season on poorly-drained soils in the Midwestern United States can result in yield loss due to abiotic plant stress and nitrogen fertilizer loss associated with flooding. Nitrogen loss from soils also has environmental implications if nitrate reaches surfaces waters or gaseous nitrous oxide emissions occur. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of soil flooding on enhanced efficiency pre-plant and post-flooding nitrogen fertilizer applications on corn production and soil nitrogen availability/loss. Results of this research show that a 50% reduction in soil nitrate can occur after one day of flooding, and large pulses of nitrous oxide emissions can occur in a short time period when soils are flooded. In the 2012 growing season, slight advantages were observed with the use of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers and a post-flood nitrogen fertilizer application. A significant loss of corn grain yield was observed after three days of flooding in 2013. These results indicate that saturated soil conditions can have both economic and environmental impacts and there is a need for future research to address both drainage and nitrogen management strategies for possible applications to farmers.
Download or read book Environmental Processes and Management written by Prabhakar Shukla and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-01 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is Volume 2 which is published to complement "Environmental Processes and Management: Tools and Practices" (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-38152-3), 2020 This book provides an in-depth, well-researched and science-based approach to applying key project management and spatial tools and practices in environmental projects. This book is an important read for leaders considering projects that balance social–economic growth against minimizing its ill effects on Planet Earth. This book brings together several aspects of groundwater engineering, as well as the formula and analytical approaches required for more informed decision-making. It also highlights the vital importance of understanding the technological, economic and social dimensions of environmental studies explained through dynamic approaches and illustrative figures that have short-term results and long-term impacts. This book emphasizes on encouraging the modern and vibrant research works conducted by young researchers across the world. This book clearly details the general application of fundamental groundwater processes, the character of the different types of systems in which they occur and the way in which these factors influence process dynamics, environmental systems and their possible remedies. The book sets a possible recommendation for the professionalism with which environmental research should be planned, executed, monitored, assessed and delivered. While primarily intended for professionals responsible for the management of groundwater projects or interested in improving the overall efficiency of such projects, it is also useful for managers in the private, public and not-for-profit sectors. The book is a valuable resource for students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. In addition, this book serves as an indispensable guide for anyone willing to develop their skills in modern groundwater / environmental management and related techniques
Download or read book Water Resources Research Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flooding and Plant Growth written by Bozzano G Luisa and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flooding and Plant Growth covers the state of knowledge and opinion on the effects of flooding of soil with fresh or salt water on the metabolism and growth of herbaceous and woody plants. The book discusses the extent, causes, and impacts of flooding; the effects of flooding on soils and on the growth and metabolism of herbaceous plants; and the responses of woody plants to flooding. The text also describes the effect of flooding on water, carbohydrate, and mineral relations, as well as the effects of flooding on hormone relations and on plant disease. The adaptations to flooding with fresh water and the adaptations of plants to flooding with salt water are also encompassed. Agronomists, biochemists, plant ecologists, engineers, foresters, horticulturists, plant anatomists, meteorologists, geneticists, plant breeders, plant physiologists, and landscape architects will find the book invaluable.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science written by Shouichi Yoshida and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1981 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth and development of the rice plant. Climatic environments and its influence. Mineral nutrition of rice. Nutritional disorders. Photosynthesis and respiration. Rice plant characters in relation to yielding ability. Physiological analysis of rice yield.
Download or read book Waterlogging Signalling and Tolerance in Plants written by Stefano Mancuso and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last half century, because of the raising world population and because of the many environmental issues posed by the industrialization, the amount of arable land per person has declined from 0.32 ha in 1961–1963 to 0.21 ha in 1997–1999 and is expected to drop further to 0.16 ha by 2030 and therefore is a severe menace to food security (FAO 2006). At the same time, about 12 million ha of irrigated land in the developing world has lost its productivity due to waterlogging and salinity. Waterlogging is a major problem for plant cultivation in many regions of the world. The reasons are in part due to climatic change that leads to the increased number of precipitations of great intensity, in part to land degradation. Considering India alone, the total area suffering from waterlogging is estimated to be about 3.3 million ha (Bhattacharya 1992), the major causes of waterlogging include super- ous irrigation supplies, seepage losses from canal, impeded sub-surface drainage, and lack of proper land development. In addition, many irrigated areas are s- jected to yield decline because of waterlogging due to inadequate drainage systems. Worldwide, it has been estimated that at least one-tenth of the irrigated cropland suffers from waterlogging.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Science Breakthroughs to Advance Food and Agricultural Research by 2030 written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-21 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For nearly a century, scientific advances have fueled progress in U.S. agriculture to enable American producers to deliver safe and abundant food domestically and provide a trade surplus in bulk and high-value agricultural commodities and foods. Today, the U.S. food and agricultural enterprise faces formidable challenges that will test its long-term sustainability, competitiveness, and resilience. On its current path, future productivity in the U.S. agricultural system is likely to come with trade-offs. The success of agriculture is tied to natural systems, and these systems are showing signs of stress, even more so with the change in climate. More than a third of the food produced is unconsumed, an unacceptable loss of food and nutrients at a time of heightened global food demand. Increased food animal production to meet greater demand will generate more greenhouse gas emissions and excess animal waste. The U.S. food supply is generally secure, but is not immune to the costly and deadly shocks of continuing outbreaks of food-borne illness or to the constant threat of pests and pathogens to crops, livestock, and poultry. U.S. farmers and producers are at the front lines and will need more tools to manage the pressures they face. Science Breakthroughs to Advance Food and Agricultural Research by 2030 identifies innovative, emerging scientific advances for making the U.S. food and agricultural system more efficient, resilient, and sustainable. This report explores the availability of relatively new scientific developments across all disciplines that could accelerate progress toward these goals. It identifies the most promising scientific breakthroughs that could have the greatest positive impact on food and agriculture, and that are possible to achieve in the next decade (by 2030).
Download or read book Plant Responses to Drought Stress written by Ricardo Aroca and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the multiple strategies that plants have developed to cope with drought, one of the most severe environmental stresses. Experts in the field present 17 chapters, each of which focuses on a basic concept as well as the latest findings. The following major aspects are covered in the book: · Morphological and anatomical adaptations · Physiological responses · Biochemical and molecular responses · Ecophysiological responses · Responses to drought under field conditions The contributions will serve as an invaluable source of information for researchers and advanced students in the fields of plant sciences, agriculture, ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology.
Download or read book Crop Modeling and Decision Support written by Weixing Cao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-10 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Crop Modeling and Decision Support" presents 36 papers selected from the International Symposium on Crop Modeling and Decision Support (ISCMDS-2008), held at Nanjing of China from 19th to 22nd in April, 2008. Many of these papers show the recent advances in modeling crop and soil processes, crop productivity, plant architecture and climate change; the rests describe the developments in model-based decision support systems (DSS), model applications, and integration of crop models with other information technologies. The book is intended for researchers, teachers, engineers, and graduate students on crop modeling and decision support. Dr. Weixing Cao is a professor at Nanjing Agricultural University, China.
Download or read book Agronomy Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international journal of agriculture and natural resource sciences.
Download or read book Crop Physiology Case Histories for Major Crops written by Victor Sadras and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-12-05 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop Physiology: Case Histories of Major Crops updates the physiology of broad-acre crops with a focus on the genetic, environmental and management drivers of development, capture and efficiency in the use of radiation, water and nutrients, the formation of yield and aspects of quality. These physiological process are presented in a double context of challenges and solutions. The challenges to increase plant-based food, fodder, fiber and energy against the backdrop of population increase, climate change, dietary choices and declining public funding for research and development in agriculture are unprecedented and urgent. The proximal technological solutions to these challenges are genetic improvement and agronomy. Hence, the premise of the book is that crop physiology is most valuable when it engages meaningfully with breeding and agronomy. With contributions from 92 leading scientists from around the world, each chapter deals with a crop: maize, rice, wheat, barley, sorghum and oat; quinoa; soybean, field pea, chickpea, peanut, common bean, lentil, lupin and faba bean; sunflower and canola; potato, cassava, sugar beet and sugarcane; and cotton. A crop-based approach to crop physiology in a G x E x M context Captures the perspectives of global experts on 22 crops
Download or read book Agronomy written by Dr. Amanullah and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is a serious threat to field crop production and food security. It has negative effects on food, water, and energy security due to change in weather patterns and extreme events such as floods, droughts, and heat waves, all of which reduce crop productivity. Over six chapters, this book presents a comprehensive picture of the importance of agronomy as it relates to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. With an emphasis on the goals of Zero Hunger and Climate Change, this volume examines sustainable agronomic practices to increase crop productivity and improve environmental health.
Download or read book Principles and Practices of Rice Production written by Surajit K. De Datta and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1981 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rice written by Achim Dobermann and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rice ecosystems; Nutrient management; Mineral deficiencies; Mineral toxicities; Tools and information.
