Download or read book Flight Vibration and Environmental Effects on Formation of Combustible Mixtures Within Aircraft Fuel Tanks written by Dynamic Science, Inc. Division of Marshall Industries and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Flight Vibration and Environmental Effects on Formation of Combustible Mixtures Within Aircraft Fuel Tanks written by T. C. KOSVIC and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the study was to determine fuel tank vapor space characteristics for a simulated helicopter fuel tank and to evaluate the potential hazard which exists. Fuel/air ratios were measured as a function of time and position within the ullage of the fuel tank for specified flight profiles. These results were compared to published flammability limits as a basis for assessing flight hazard potential. The flight profiles were simulated by withdrawing fuel (at rated engine usage) from a vibrating tank held at constant pressure and temperature. Parametric variations were made in fuel temperature (40 to 100F), flight altitude (0 to 15,000 feet), vibration environment, and fuel properties (liquid JP-4 versus JP-4 emulsion EF4-104H). Another important variable not considered initially but which was uncovered during the course of this investigation was the effect that the rubberized tank liner could have on the measured fuel/air ratios. The extent of this effect was found to be related to fuel temperature and exposure time of the liner to the fuel. The experimental results showed those ranges of the test variables which had a significant effect on the measured fuel/air ratios. They also demonstrated that fuel/air mixture gradients do exist in fuel tanks under flight conditions. It was found that tanks which would be considered safe as determined by calculations for equilibrium conditions actually contain flammable regions, even for level flight. An analytical model for the ullage space was written which included transient fuel vapor diffusion and convection which was brought about by venting of the ullage. (Author).

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Fuel Slosh and Vibration on the Flammability Hazards of Hydrocarbon Turbine Fuels Within Aircraft Fuel Tanks written by Edwin E. Ott and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report deals with the effects of liquid fuel motion on the flammability of hydrocarbon turbine fuels in aircraft fuel tanks. Three military turbine fuels, JP-4, JP-5, and JP-8, were used in the testing. The fuels were placed in an explosion proof cylindrical test vessel (80-gallon capacity) and subjected to slosh and vibration. An electric arc was formed within the ullage which ignited any flammable fuel-air mixture present. The pressure rise from combustion was measured and correlated with initial conditions. The major effect of fuel slosh and vibration was to lower or abolish the lean flammabile temperature limit of the fuel. The rich flammable temperature limit was unchanged. An analysis was performed on these results and an explanation proposed based upon the hypothesis that all the fuel vapor in the ullage burns for combustion below the flash point.

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ignition of Fuel Vapors Beneath Titanium Aircraft Skins Exposed to Lightning written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Aeronautical Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in Scientific and technical aerospace reports (STAR) and International aerospace abstracts (IAA).

Download or read book NASA SP written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the Annual National Conference on Environmental Effects on Aircraft and Propulsion Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Aircraft Crash Survival Design Guide Design criteria and checklists written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fireline written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book AGARD Conference Proceedings written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Aircraft Fuels Lubricants and Fire Safety written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. Propulsion and Energetics Panel and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Aircraft Fuel Tank Fire and Explosion Hazards written by Thomas C. Kosvic and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under simulated flight environments, fuel/air ratios at various locations of the ullage space were determined using in-line gas chromatograph measurement. Using the shallow tank experimental data showed that during ascent and cruise portion of the flight profile, uniform fuel/air mixtures were found to exist within the entire ullage volume. Significant fuel/air gradients existed during the descent portion of the flight profile, with mainly air near the vent inlet. Evaporation lag was observed during ascent and level flight when liquid Jet A fuel was maintained at 80 degree F. When the liquid fuel temperature was increased to 120F, evaporation rate was found to be rapid enough that the evaporative lag phenomena was no longer observed. By vibrating the fuel tank, it greatly increased the rate of off-gassing of dissolved air in the liquid fuel. This in turn significantly changed the fuel/air ratio in the ullage space. Two separate and complementary models were developed to predict fuel/air concentrations within the ullage.

Download or read book Fire Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study of the Flammability of Commercial Transport Airplane Wing Fuel Tanks written by William M. Cavage and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Fire Safety Team of the Airport and Aircraft Safety Research and Development Division performed tests at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) William J. Hughes Technical Center using the environmental chamber and the air induction facility (wind tunnel) to examine individual effects that contribute to commercial transport wing fuel tank flammability. Additionally, previously acquired wing tank flammability measurements taken during flight tests were compared with the results from the FAA Fuel Air Ratio Calculator in an effort to see if the calculations agreed with existing flight test data. The results of the scale fuel tank testing in the environmental chamber showed that (1) fuel height in the tank had little or no effect on the flammability, (2) increasing the amount of heat on the top surface and a higher ambient temperature caused increased flammability, and (3) lower fuel flash point increased flammability greatly. Wind tunnel tests conducted with a section of a Boeing 727 wing tank showed that, under dynamic airflow conditions, change in ullage temperature was the primary mechanism affecting ullage flammability, not fuel temperature, as observed in environmental chamber tests. Other wind tunnel tests showed that the angle of attack of the fuel tank played little role in reducing fuel tank flammability, but that a cross-venting condition of the fuel tank would lead to a very rapid decrease in hydrocarbon concentration. An input temperature algorithm could be used with the FAA Fuel Air Ratio Calculator to significantly improve predictions of wing tank ullage flammability, based on tests that showed in-flight changes of ullage flammability in a wing tank are driven largely by the ullage temperature. This is very different from what had been shown with a center wing fuel tank, in which fuel temperature continues to be the main driver of flammability even during flight."--Report documentation page