Download or read book A Spray Flammability Test for Hydraulic Fluids written by H. H. Rowand and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A serious threat to life and property in many industries is the hazard of a pressurized hydraulic line rupturing, causing the escaping fluid to enter the flame of a fuel burner. The test described here simulates this danger and evaluates the fire resistance of hydraulic fluids under such conditions. The most important factor in the test equipment is the provision of a broad range of spray velocities and densities. The spray equipment is described and illustrated, and the test procedure is outlined. Data are presented from tests of one mineral oil, three water-in-oil emulsions, six water-glycol fluids, and nineteen synthetic organic fluids. Selected 35-mm colored slides illustrating the equipment and test conditions were made into black-and-white enlargements for this paper. In this process, much of the contrast was unfortunately lost. Only four synthetic organic fluids failed to ignite under one or more test conditions. All three water-in-oil emulsions tested ignited. However, when the fluid stream is of sufficient density and velocity, a typical mineral-oil hydraulic fluid will not ignite.

Download or read book A Simplified Spray Flammability Test for Hydraulic Fluids written by H. H. Rowand and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic lines are known to rupture permitting a stream or spray of hydraulic fluid to encounter the flame of burning fuels or the surface of hot or molten metal. This is a prevalent cause of fires in many industries. High-pressure spray-flammability tests simulate this type of industrial hazard and are able to distinguish the difference in fire resistance among the various kinds of hydraulic fluids.

Download or read book Flammability Spray Test for Hydraulic Fluids written by British Standards Institution and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fire Resistance of Industrial Fluids written by George E. Totten and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Papers presented at the symposium of the same name, held in Indianapolis, IN on 20 June 1995 ... sponsored by ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants"--Foreword. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Download or read book Method for Testing the Spray Flammability of Hydraulic Fluids written by Mohammed M. Khan and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fire Resstance of Hydraulic Fluids written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fire Resistance of Hydraulic Fluids written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Flammability Measurements on Fourteen Different Hydraulic Fluids Using a Temperature pressure Spray Ignition Test written by Joseph J. Loftus and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spray Flammability of Hydraulic Fluids written by MM. Khan and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spray flammability characteristics of several hydraulic fluids, and mineral oil, methanol, ethanol, and n-heptane, sprayed vertically upward in the open through a pressure-jet hollow cone nozzle and stabilized by a propane-air ring burner, have been evaluated using the Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) Fire Products Collector. A spray flammability parameter (SFP) has been defined, which combines the combustion intensity of spray fires in terms of chemical heat release rate with the fluid volatility described by the critical heat flux for ignition. An SFP value has een identified at or below which a range of hydraulic fluids cannot be stabilized as spray flames using a standard flame stabilization test. Mineral oil, some hydraulic fluids, and highly volatile fluids such as n-heptane, methanol and ethanol, have high SFP values and are easy to stabilize as spray flames. SFP appears to be useful in discriminating between flammable and less flammable fluids.

Download or read book Flammability Measurements on Fourteen Different Hydraulic Fluids Using a Temperature pressure Spray Ignition Test written by Joseph J. Loftus and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Standardization of Flammability Tests for Hydraulic Fluids written by M. D. Kanakia and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The modification of the physical and chemical properties of various fluids developed for use as hydraulic fluids has necessitated the development or modification of tests required to evaluate the performance criteria of these fluids. The Federal Government utilized certain Federal Test Methods and ASTM flammability test procedures in fluid specification requirements to determine the relative flammability of fluids currently being developed for use as hydraulic fluids. These tests include the flash and fire points, autoignition temperature, flame propagation, high-pressure spray, and hot manifold ignition test procedures. Unfortunately, as fluid composition and applications change, new or modified tests must be developed to provide accurate assessments of the fluids' performance. This report presents the results produced by a systematic study of mist-flammability parameters that will lead to development of a standard mist-flammability test for hydraulic fluid specification purposes.

Download or read book Handbook of Hydraulic Fluid Technology written by George E. Totten and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-10-15 with total page 1284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text aims to facilitate a broader understanding of the total hydraulic system, including hardware, fluid properties and testing, and hydraulic lubricants. It provides a comprehensive and rigorous overview of hydraulic fluid technology and evaluates the ecological benefits of water as an important alternative technology. Equations, tables and illustrations are used to clarify and reinforce essential concepts.

Download or read book Mist Flammability Studies of Candidate Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids written by R. C. Little and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using NRL's mist flammability test apparatus, several commercial samples of 40% water-in-oil emulsion (fire-resistant hydraulic fluids) were screened for fire resistency. For comparison purposes, two other commercial fire-resistant hydraulic fluids were screened viz., a water-glycol solution and a phosphate ester. The Navy's currently used petroleum-type hydraulic fluid, 2190-TEP, was employed as the reference fluid. At the most severe conditions investigated (i.e., spray disk tangential velocity of 67.8 m/s, and fluid flow rate of 850 ml/min), none of the fire-resistant hydraulic fluids exhibited ignition leading to propagation in the presence of the propane test flame, indicating fire resistancy under these conditions. Under identical operating conditions, 2190-TEP exhibited gross ignition with propagation of flame ranging from 180 deg to 360 deg around the spinning disk, indicating it to be a potential fire hazard. The physical and chemical characteristics of the 40% water-in-oil emulsions suggest that this class of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids may be suitable replacement candidates for 2190-TEP.

Download or read book Handbook of Hydraulic Fluid Technology written by George E. Totten and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-10-05 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailing the major developments of the last decade, the Handbook of Hydraulic Fluid Technology, Second Edition updates the original and remains the most comprehensive and authoritative book on the subject. With all chapters either revised (in some cases, completely) or expanded to account for new developments, this book sets itself apart by approa

Download or read book Fire Resistance of Hydraulic Fluids written by Committee D-2 Staff and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Implementation of Revised Evaluations of Less Flammable Hydraulic Fluids written by AV. Brandao and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC) has evaluated and certified ("Approved") less flammable hydraulic fluids since the 1950s. This Approval is widely recognized among users, insurance interests, and regulators. However, the two traditionally used flammability tests (ignition of specifically defined sprays by open flame and a heated steel channel) have been shown to lack consistent repeatability. Consequently, the development of a new test methodology has been undertaken. The new protocol involves separate measurements of ease of ignition and heat release of the same spray discharge. These two measurements are then combined mathematically into a dimensionless "spray flammability parameter" (SFP), which becomes a unitary measure of the flammability hazard of the fluid. The revised methodology has been incorporated in the first significant revision to the Approval Standard for less flammable hydraulic fluids since the 1970s.

Download or read book Miniaturized Tests for Fire Resistance of Hydraulic Fluids written by N. W. Furby and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the conventional tests for assessing the fire resistance of hydraulic fluids use relatively large amounts of fluid in relationship to quantities available from exploratory research programs. To alleviate this problem, four miniaturized tests were devised for evaluating fire resistance of aerospace fluids. These were intended to simulate the following normal-size tests: (1) flash point (Cleveland open cup), (2) hot manifold, (3) low pressure spray, and (4) high pressure spray. The microflash apparatus uses a spark plug and a heated aluminum cylinder. Three drops of fluid are applied at each temperature of the test. Results were somewhat higher than for full-scale equipment. Low pressure spray test employs an airless spray gun (rotating disk) with reservoir modified to hold a small volume of fluid. In the high pressure spray apparatus, gas pressure forces fluid from a small orifice in stainless steel tubing, and only 20 ml of fluid is used in each determination. The small-scale hot manifold test uses a 1/2-in. diameter stainless steel heater. These miniaturized tests require a total of 40-ml of fluid, as compared to about 2500 required for the corresponding full-scale tests. The small units are easy to operate, and repeatability is good.