Download or read book Fiscal Impact of School Vouchers and Scholarship Tax Credits written by Josh Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This brief discusses the factors fiscal analysts and legislators will want to consider when estimating the fiscal impact of private school choices, including the impact of existing programs"--P. 1.
Download or read book The Fiscal Impact of Tax Credit Scholarships in Georgia School Choice Issues in the State written by Brian Gottlob and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study seeks to inform the debate over a proposal in Georgia to give tax credits for contributions to organizations that provide scholarships to K-12 private schools. Such a program would extend to K-12 education the philosophy of choice that is inherent in the state's existing Hope Scholarships program for college students. This study constructs a model to determine the fiscal impact of tax-credit scholarships on the state and on local school districts. In addition to allowing Georgia to expand educational opportunity and improve the equity of its education system, a tax-credit scholarship program would generate large fiscal benefits for local school districts, increasing the available resources for students who remain in public schools. Because much of their revenue does not vary with enrollment, school districts would retain much of the funding associated with students who use scholarships to migrate from public to private schools. The overall impact on public schools would be to increase the financial resources available per student. Depending on how the program is designed, it could also result in a fiscal savings to the state budget. Even if it does not produce a savings at the state level, costs to the state would be significantly reduced because public school spending would go down as students leave with scholarships. (Contains 8 figures, 12 tables, and 25 endnotes.) [This study was released jointly by the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice, Alliance for School Choice, Georgia Public Policy Foundation, Americans for Prosperity, Black Alliance for Educational Options, and Georgia Family Council.].
Download or read book The Fiscal Impact of Tax Credit Scholarships in Montana School Choice Issues in the State written by Brian Gottlob and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many states have enacted or are considering proposals to give tax credits for contributions that provide tuition scholarships for students in K-12 schools to attend the private or public schools of their choice. This study seeks to inform the public and policymakers about the implications for Montana if the state were to enact such a program. The study constructs a model to determine the likely contributions that will be received, the level of participation in the program among families and students of different income levels, and the overall fiscal impact of tax-credit scholarships on state government and local school districts. In addition to expanding educational opportunity and improving the equity of the education system, a tax-credit scholarship program would generate significant fiscal benefits for local school districts by increasing the available resources for students who remain in public schools. Because much of their revenue does not vary with enrollment, school districts retain much of the funding associated with students who use scholarships to migrate from public to private schools. The overall impact on public schools is an increase in the financial resources available for each student who remains in a public school. Depending on how the program is designed, it could also result in fiscal savings to the state budget. Even if it does not produce a savings at the state level, overall costs will be significantly reduced because public school spending will go down as students leave with scholarships. (Contains 8 figures, 12 tables and 28 endnotes.) [This study was released jointly by the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice and the Montana Family Foundation.].
Download or read book The Fiscal Impact of a Corporate Individual Tax Credit Scholarship Program on the State of Indiana School Choice Issues in the State written by David Stuit and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indiana legislators are currently debating the merits of a proposal to adopt a statewide tuition scholarship tax credit program. The proposed program would make available $5 million in tax credits that businesses and individuals could claim by making donations to non-profit Scholarship Granting Organizations (SGOs). SGO donations would be matched at 50 percent, meaning that the state would provide a 50 cent tax credit for each dollar donated to a SGO. SGOs would in turn distribute scholarships for families to use towards private schooling costs. Eligibility for the program is restricted to students who were not enrolled in private schools in the previous school year and whose household income is at or below 200 percent of the federal free and reduced-price lunch program. Students who received a scholarship in the previous school year from a qualifying non-profit are also eligible. The purpose of this study is to project the impact of this program on the state's public education costs. It forecasts the immediate costs of the program in foregone state tax revenue and the potential cost savings that result if public school students use the scholarships to migrate to private schools. These estimations will allow policymakers and taxpayers to evaluate the merits of the policy in the context of its financial implications for the state. Findings reveal that the tax credit scholarship program will result in savings to the state, regardless of demand. The program is estimated to produce cost savings at any scholarship amount between $500 and $5,000. (Contains 4 figures, 10 tables, and 13 endnotes.) [This study was released jointly by the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice, the Alliance for School Choice, School Choice Indiana, Indiana Non-Public Education Association, Indiana Catholic Conference, Agudath Israel of America, and the Educational Choice Charitable Trust.].
Download or read book The Fiscal Impact of Tax Credit Scholarships in Oklahoma School Choice Issues in the State written by Brian Gottlob and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This analysis examines the demographics of the special needs population in public and private schools in Oklahoma and estimates the impact on school enrollments providing tax credit funded scholarship grants for special needs students. The author and his colleagues develop a model that shows how the expenditures of Oklahoma's school districts vary with enrollment changes for both regular and special needs children, and show the state and local fiscal impacts of a special needs tuition tax credit program. Their analysis indicates that school district expenditures are affected much more by enrollments of special needs students than they are by enrollments of students not needing special services. They conclude that a tuition tax credit funded scholarship program would generate significant scholarship demand among the population of special needs students in public schools. Based on the structure of the program and the expenses associated with each student who participates they also conclude that a program could be structured that would yield fiscal benefits to the state of Oklahoma. Additionally, for almost any program structure, special needs tuition tax credits are likely to yield large fiscal benefits to local school districts. Although not the basis of their research, recent research on special education scholarships indicates that increased parental satisfaction and higher levels of student performance result for participants in a special needs scholarship program. (Contains 9 tables, 5 figures and 20 endnotes.) [This study was released jointly by the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice and the Oklahoma Council of Public Affairs.].
Download or read book NeoVouchers written by Kevin G. Welner and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2008-09-29 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While school vouchers have captured the headlines, a different policy has captured the students. Tuition tax credit laws are now entrenched in Arizona, Florida, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Iowa, and Georgia, and they affect far more students. Yet few people understand the nature of these policies or the political and legal issues surrounding them. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure, legality, and policy implications of tuition tax credits, which have garnered only scant attention even while expanding to cover more students than the voucher policies they're designed to emulate. At a time when tax credit policies are becoming a major form of American school choice, this book offers insights into both the strengths and weakness ofthe approach.
Download or read book The Tax Credit Scholarship Audit written by Martin F. Lueken and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report follows up on previous work that examined the fiscal effects of private school voucher programs. It estimates the total fiscal effects of tax-credit scholarship programs--another type of private school choice program--on state governments, state and local taxpayers, and school districts combined. Based on a range of assumptions, these programs generated between $1.7 billion and $3.4 billion in taxpayer savings through the 2013-14 school year. That is equivalent to up to $3,000 per scholarship student. In general, tax-credit scholarships allow taxpayers to receive full or partial tax credits when they donate to nonprofits that provide students with private school scholarships. Eligible taxpayers can include both individuals and businesses. Some supporters of tax-credit scholarships argue that they give taxpayers more freedom than vouchers to support the types of education that align with their values and preferences. Vouchers, on the other hand, "compel taxpayers to financially support forms of education to which they may object." For the period covered in this analysis, there were 21 tax-credit scholarship programs operating in 17 states. Of those, the author added 10 (covering seven states) in this report. All but two of the programs analyzed are the largest in the country. In total, the 10 programs that were analyzed represent 93 percent of all scholarships awarded in tax-credit scholarship programs today. Programs analyzed in this report are: (1) Arizona Original Individual Income Tax Credit Scholarship Program; (2) Arizona Low-Income Corporate Income Tax Credit Scholarship Program; (3) Arizona Lexie's Law for Disabled and Displaced Students Tax Credit Scholarship Program; (4) Arizona "Switcher" Individual Income Tax Credit Scholarship Program; (5) Florida Tax Credit Scholarship Program; (6) Georgia Qualified Education Expense Tax Credit; (7) Indiana School Scholarship Tax Credit; (8) Iowa School Tuition Organization Tax Credit; (9) Pennsylvania Educational Improvement Tax Credit Program; and (10) Rhode Island Tax Credits for Contributions to Scholarship Organizations. There are certain challenges and considerations that generally apply to evaluating the fiscal impact of any school choice program. Two key factors that apply to all programs: (1) variable costs per student, meaning those costs that are directly associated with a given student and that would not be spent if that student were not enrolled; and (2) the number of students who would have attended public schools without the financial assistance from the tax-credit scholarship program (aka "switchers"). In some states, there is also a third factor: (3) the proportion of scholarships that are given to students who receive more than one scholarship. Appended are: (1) Scholarships Awarded in Tax-Credit Scholarship Programs; (2) Surveying Scholarship Organizations; (3) Considerations and Complicating Factors; and (4) Tax-Credit Scholarship Program Tax Credit Caps.
Download or read book The Fiscal Impact of Tuition Tax Credits in New Mexico written by Brian J. Gottlob and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proposals to expand opportunities for children to attend independent schools prompt heated and complex debates. Proponents and opponents bring a number of philosophical and ideological arguments to public policy discussions, while lawmakers often justify their decisions on the basis of the perceived economic and fiscal impacts of the proposals. Evaluating the economic and fiscal impacts of a tuition tax credit proposal is a complex process that involves understanding many variables. This study seeks to inform the debate over a proposal being discussed in New Mexico that would give tax credits for contributions to organizations that provide scholarships to children enrolling in independent or private schools. The researchers use public data on income and charitable contributions in New Mexico, national surveys of the patterns of charitable giving to educational organizations, and the documented experiences of other states that have enacted tuition tax credits to develop estimates of the likely volume of contributions to scholarship-granting organizations and the resulting revenue impact of the tax credits. They construct a model to determine the impact tuition tax credits will have on total state education aid and to calculate the "breakeven" rate of migration, or the number of public school students that would have to migrate from public to independent schools in order to make the tax credit fiscally neutral from the perspective of New Mexico state government. Finally, they use district-level expenditure and enrollment data to estimate the percentage of expenditures that are fixed versus variable across school districts in New Mexico, and compare the revenue and cost impacts of tuition tax credits on school districts to determine the net fiscal impact of tuition tax credits on school districts. (Contains 7 tables, 12 figures and 17 footnotes.) [This study was sponsored by the Milton and Rose D. Friedman Foundation and the Albuquerque Partnership.].
Download or read book The Fiscal Impact of the Kentucky Education Tax Credit Program written by Brian J. Gottlob and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the fiscal impact of a proposal to create a personal tax credit for educational expenses and a tax-credit scholarship program in Kentucky. It finds that the actual fiscal impact of the program would be much less than its nominal dollar size, due to the reduced public school costs resulting from migration of students from public schools to private schools. Specifically, it finds that the net impact of creating $60 million in tax-credit scholarships would be only $2 million to $17 million, and the net impact of giving $23.2 million in personal tax credits would be only $11.4 million. (Contains 7 figures, 5 tables and 7 endnotes.).
Download or read book Liberty Learning written by Robert C. Enlow and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2009-09-25 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifty years ago, Milton Friedman had the ground-breaking idea to improve public education with school vouchers. By separating government financing of education from government administration of schools, Friedman argued, “parents at all income levels would have the freedom to choose the schools their children attend.” Liberty & Learning is a collection of essays from the nation’s top education experts evaluating the progress of Friedman’s innovative idea and reflecting on its merits in the 21st century. The book also contains a special prologue and epilogue by Milton Friedman himself. The contributors to this volume take a variety of approaches to Friedman’s voucher idea. All of them assess the merit of Friedman’s plan through an energetic, contemporary perspective, though some authors take a theoretical position, while others employ a very pragmatic approach.
Download or read book School Choice Myths written by Corey A. DeAngelis and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are there legitimate arguments to prevent families from choosing the education that works best for their children? Opponents of school choice have certainly offered many objections, but for decades they have mainly repeated myths either because they did not know any better or perhaps to protect the government schooling monopoly. In these pages, 14 of the top scholars in education policy debunk a dozen of the most pernicious myths, including “school choice siphons money from public schools,” “choice harms children left behind in public schools,” “school choice has racist origins,” and “choice only helps the rich get richer.” As the contributors demonstrate, even arguments against school choice that seem to make powerful intuitive sense fall apart under scrutiny. There are, frankly, no compelling arguments against funding students directly instead of public school systems. School Choice Myths shatters the mythology standing in the way of education freedom.
Download or read book Publicly Funded School Voucher Programs written by Nathan A. Benefield and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2001 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides a policy analysis of publicly funded school voucher programs. This research provides an analysis of voucher programs in Cleveland and Milwaukee and of political, legal, and programmatic constraints facing voucher programs. A synopsis of student test score analyses and parental surveys provides a basis for analyzing the effect of programs on participants. A survey of 30 individuals working with the Cleveland and Milwaukee public schools or voucher programs clarifies the effect of the programs on the overall educational environment. A review of financial data from the programs, pending legislation, national poll data, and court rulings provides an understanding of the policy constraints facing voucher programs. The research indicates that school vouchers have positively affected student participants' academic achievement and finds that public schools have adapted to the competitive impact of vouchers by initiating reforms aimed at improving schools. While the analysis indicates that legal constraints still loom over voucher policy, school vouchers have become politically and programmatically viable as a policy alternative. The study concludes that vouchers programs are a beneficial and, pending legal outcomes, practical policy alternative.
Download or read book Market Education written by Andrew J. Coulson and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Market Education: The Unknown History, Andrew J. Coulson explores the educational problems facing parents and shows how these problems can best be addressed. He begins with a discussion of what people want from their school systems, tracing their views of the kinds of knowledge, skills, and values education should impart, and their concerns about discipline, drugs, and violence in schools. Using this survey of goals and attitudes as a guide, Coulson sets out to compare the school systems of civilizations both ancient and modern, seeking to determine which systems achieved the aims of parents and the public at large and which did not. Drawing on the historical evidence of how these various systems operated, Coulson concludes that free educational markets have consistently done a better job of serving the public's needs than state-run school systems have.
Download or read book The School Voucher Illusion written by Kevin Welner and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The book sets the stage, with a discussion of the history of voucher battles, the legal dimensions, and the politics of policy change. -The book includes careful studies of the basic structure of contemporary private schooling, of the crucial Southern history of vouchers, and of the key federal court decisions that have opened the door to the explosion of state legislation described earlier. -Finally, the book includes profiles of voucher policies in two of the states that have made the largest efforts to support vouchers, as well as the only nationally funded program in the nation's capital. -Chapter authors are national experts who have produced seminal work in the field. Researchers (particularly school-choice researchers), people engaged in policy making (particularly around school choice), school administrators, and teachers"--
Download or read book School Vouchers written by Martin Carnoy and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study reviews recent empirical research on the effect of school vouchers on student achievement (particularly for low-income minorities attending private schools) and the effect of the threat of vouchers on low-performing public schools. The study examines the Milwaukee voucher experiment, the Cleveland voucher program, and new voucher research. Research on the voucher programs in Cleveland and Milwaukee indicate that for African American students these programs have little or no positive effect on their academic achievement. Research from Dayton, Ohio, New York, New York, and Washington, D.C. shows no significant test score gains for Hispanic and White voucher students but statistically significant gains for African American students. However, several methodological issues make these comparisons of achievement problematic. Findings that the threat of vouchers for students in failing public school caused math and writing gains among Florida's lowest-performing schools to increase significantly more than gains of higher-performing schools are plagued by methodological problems. Three papers are appended: "What Caused the Effects of the Florida A+ Program: Ratings or Vouchers?" (Doug Harris); "Replication of Jay Greene's Voucher Effect Study Using Texas Performance Data" (Amanda Brownson); and "Replication of Jay Greene's Voucher Effect Study Using North Carolina Data" (Helen F. Ladd and Elizabeth J. Glennie). (Contains 33 endnotes and 29 references.) (SM)
Download or read book Vouchers and the Provision of Public Services written by Robert D. Reischauer, former Director, Congressional Budget Office DIS .40 and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press, Committee for Economic Development, and Urban Institute Press publication For decades, the use of vouchers has been widely debated. But often lost in the heat of debate is the fact that vouchers are just another tool in the government's tool chest, a restricted subsidy that falls somewhere between the extremes of cash and direct government provision of services. The instrument itself is not new—the 1944 GI Bill of Rights was a voucher, and vouchers for food, college aid, and housing have been in place for decades. Until now, however, the study of vouchers has been restricted to a few controversial applications. This volume, which grew out of a conference sponsored by the Brookings Institution, the Urban Institute, and the Committee for Economic Development, fills the gap, offering a framework for comparative analysis of specific policy issues related to vouchers. Its 16 essays address the economics, politics, and legal issues of voucher use and explore how vouchers are currently employed in the United States and abroad for education, child care, job training, housing, and health care. C. Eugene Steuerle is a senior fellow at the Urban Institute and has worked under four different U.S. presidents on a variety of reform issues in such areas as social security, budget, tax, and health policy. Robert D. Reischauer, a senior fellow in Economic Studies at the Brookings Institution, was director of the Congressional Budget Office from 1989 to 1995. George Peterson is a senior fellow at the Urban Institute; from 1976 to 1985 he directed the Institute's Public Finance Research Center. Van Doorn Ooms, senior vice president and director of research at the Committee for Economic Development, was formerly executive director for policy and chief economist of the Committee on the Budget, U.S. House of Representatives, 1989-1990, and was the Budget Committee's chief economist from 1981 to 1988.
Download or read book The Education Gap written by William G. Howell and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2006-02-14 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The voucher debate has been both intense and ideologically polarizing, in good part because so little is known about how voucher programs operate in practice. In The Education Gap, William Howell and Paul Peterson report new findings drawn from the most comprehensive study on vouchers conducted to date. Added to the paperback edition of this groundbreaking volume are the authors' insights into the latest school choice developments in American education, including new voucher initiatives, charter school expansion, and public-school choice under No Child Left Behind. The authors review the significance of state and federal court decisions as well as recent scholarly debates over choice impacts on student performance. In addition, the authors present new findings on which parents choose private schools and the consequences the decision has for their children's education. Updated and expanded, The Education Gap remains an indispensable source of original research on school vouchers. "This is the most important book ever written on the subject of vouchers."—John E. Brandl, dean, Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota "The Education Gap will provide an important intellectual battleground for the debate over vouchers for years to come."—Alan B. Krueger, Princeton University "Must reading for anyone interested in the battle over vouchers in America."—John Witte, University of Wisconsin
