Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and Access to Social Services in Ethiopia written by Mesele Welemariam Araya and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-09 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal decentralization has formed an important component of recent institutional innovation, being widely adopted in many countries. But, in the empirical literature, there is little agreement in its effect on a number of policy goals. Accordingly, this study aims at evaluating the effects of fiscal decentralization on social services access in Ethiopia, which undertook a massive shift of fiscal resources to regions in 1994 and to districts in 2002. The results suggest that although the decentralization has been characterized by some kind of vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances, it has had significant effects on primary gross enrollment rate, childhood immunization and infant mortality rate. Moreover, the policy has achieved a satisfactory equity in terms of both equality of opportunity and inter-regional equity by reducing disparity in access to social services between previously underserved and better-off regions, suggesting that fiscal decentralization has been a pro-poor policy. Thus, the study urges policy makers and development agencies to close the existing fiscal gaps, possibly via fiscal equalization approach, for better social service access at the grassroots level
Download or read book Decentralization in Ethiopia written by Taye Assefa and published by African Books Collective. This book was released on 2007 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1991 government change in Ethiopia ushered in a centralised system of governance, aimed to bring about harmony and cooperation between different groups and to promote local self-rule. It has proceeded in two phases: 1991-2001 centred on creating and powering National/Regional Governments, termed mid-level decentralisation. Further powers were devolved in 2001 through the District Level Decentralization Program and Urban Management Profram. This volume brings together studies by the Forum for Social Studies and others, with the aim of identifying knowledge gaps for further research and to generate debate on the issues in Ethiopia. The study is in two parts: a literature review seeking to document existing studies and highlight research gaps; and field work which involved a rapid assessment of eight weredas and two kifle ketemas in Addis Ababa. The other three studies are synopses of master theses submitted to the Institute of Regional and Local Development Studies of Addis Ababa University.
Download or read book Improving Basic Services for the Bottom Forty Percent written by Qaiser M Khan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethiopia’s model for delivering basic services appears to be succeeding and to confirm that services improve when service providers are more accountable to citizens. The approach chosen in Ethiopia is pro-poor with the bottom 40 percent benefiting relatively more. The approach is also reducing other disparities including gender and historic.
Download or read book Decentralization and Popular Democracy written by Jean-Paul Faguet and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2012-06-04 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Faguet identifies the factors that determine the outcomes of national decentralization on the local level
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization in Ethiopia written by Eshetu Chole and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ethiopia written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report on enhancing human development outcomes through decentralized service delivery in Ethiopia seeks to identify changes in human development outcomes in a period of deepening decentralization and to suggest how the country's decentralized governance structure could be improved to increase access to, as well as the quality of, relevant services. A key message of the report is that the decentralized governance structure helped facilitate improvements in service delivery and human development outcomes, but also, that weaknesses in that structure can derail these gains. The report argues that while policymakers, providers, and citizens must work together to strengthen accountability mechanisms, there is a particular need to strengthen local government and enhance the role of service beneficiaries. The report focuses on key actors and their roles in accelerating progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Ethiopia. It complements rather than duplicates other recent studies. The report is organized as follows. The first chapter reports on trends in human development indicators and government social expenditures in Ethiopia over the past 15 years. Chapter 2 describes the phasing in of Ethiopia's decentralization plan and presents a framework of mechanisms of accountability for providing services. Chapter 3 examines the scope of decentralization in Ethiopia and the use of intergovernmental transfers. Chapter 4 presents some of the data collected for this report on changes in budget allocation behavior at the woreda level before and after decentralization and the effects on allocations for the social sectors. It also examines changes in key service delivery outcomes at the woreda level. Chapter 5 examines some of the constraints to improved service delivery and proposes ways of increasing resources at decentralized levels, of improving the capacity of local governments and service providers, and of involving citizens in service delivery in a more robust and effective way.
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization written by Peter Friedrich and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and Local Finance in Developing Countries written by Roy Bahl and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-30 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws on experiences in developing countries to bridge the gap between the conventional textbook treatment of fiscal decentralization and the actual practice of subnational government finance. The extensive literature about the theory and practice is surveyed and longstanding problems and new questions are addressed. It focuses on the key choices that must be made in decentralizing, on how economic and political factors shape the choices that countries make, and on how, by paying more attention to the need for a more comprehensive approach and the critical connections between different components of decentralization reform, everyone involved might get more for their money.
Download or read book Fiscal Federalism 2022 Making Decentralisation Work written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-20 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal Federalism 2022 surveys recent trends and policies in intergovernmental fiscal relations and subnational government. Accessible and easy-to-read chapters provide insight into: good practices in fiscal federalism; the design of fiscal equalisation systems; measuring subnational tax and spending autonomy; promoting public sector performance across levels of government; digitalisation challenges and opportunities; the role of subnational accounting and insolvency frameworks; funding and financing of local government public investment; and early lessons from the COVID-19 crisis for intergovernmental fiscal relations.
Download or read book Lessons for Effective Fiscal Decentralization in Sub Saharan Africa written by Mr.Niko A Hobdari and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal decentralization is becoming a pressing issue in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, reflecting demands for a greater local voice in spending decisions and efforts to strengthen social cohesion. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to distill the lessons for an effective fiscal decentralization reform, focusing on the macroeconomic aspects. The main findings for sub-Saharan African countries that have decentralized, based on an empirical analysis and four case studies (Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda), are as follows: • Determinants and effectiveness: Empirical results suggest that (1) the major driving forces behind fiscal decentralization in sub-Saharan Africa include efforts to defuse ethnic conflicts, the initial level of income, and the urban-ization rate, whereas strength of democracy is not an important determi-nant for decentralization; and (2) decentralization in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with higher growth in the presence of stronger institutions. • Spending assignments: The allocation of spending across levels of gov-ernment in the four case studies is broadly consistent with best practice. However, in Uganda, unlike in the other three case studies, subnational governments have little flexibility to make spending decisions as a result of a deconcentrated rather than a devolved system of government. • Own revenue: The assignment of taxing powers is broadly in line with best practice in the four case studies, with the bulk of subnational revenue coming from property taxes and from fees for local services. However, own revenues are a very small fraction of subnational spending, reflecting weak cadaster systems and a high level of informality in the economy.
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries written by Richard M. Bird and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-04 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal Decentralisation in Developing Countries features important, original and up-to-date research from leading scholars assessing fiscal decentralization in developing countries. It has rich and varied case-study material from countries as diverse as India, China, Colombia, Bosnia-Herzogovina and South Africa.
Download or read book OECD Fiscal Federalism Studies Measuring Fiscal Decentralisation Concepts and Policies written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-16 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with two issues. The first concerns the various measurement of fiscal decentralization in general and their usefulness for policy analysis. The second and more specific issue concerns the taxonomy of intergovernmental grants and the limits of the current classifications.
Download or read book Improving Basic Services for the Bottom Forty Percent written by Qaiser M Khan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethiopia’s model for delivering basic services appears to be succeeding and to confirm that services improve when service providers are more accountable to citizens. As discussed in the World Development Report 2004, accountability for delivering basic services can take an indirect, long route, in which citizens influence service providers through government, or a more direct, short route between service providers and citizens. When the long, indirect route of accountability is ineffective, service delivery can suffer, especially among poor or marginalized citizens who find it challenging to express their views to policymakers. In Ethiopia, the indirect route of accountability works well precisely because of decentralization. Service providers are strictly accountable to local governments for producing results, but in turn, the local authorities are held accountable by the regional and federal governments. A degree of local competition for power and influence helps to induce local authorities and service provides to remain open to feedback from citizens and take responsibility for results. The direct route of accountability has been reinforced by measures to strengthen financial transparency and accountability (educating citizens on local budgets and publicly providing information on budgets and service delivery goals), social accountability (improving citizens’ opportunities to provide feedback directly to local administrators and service providers), and impartial procedures to redress grievances. Woreda-level (district) spending has been a very effective strategy for Ethiopia to attain its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Woreda health and education goes to pay for health extension workers (HEWs) and teachers. This study finds evidence that woreda-level spending in health and education is effective. Owing to the intervention of HEWs, the use of health services has increased, especially among the poorest quintiles. Finally, the effect of woreda-level spending on agricultural extension workers is associated with higher yields for major crops. Spending on agricultural extension workers increases the probability that farmers, regardless of the size of their plots, will use improved farming techniques. Education, health, and agriculture account for 97 percent of woreda spending. This is complemented by support for capacity building and citizen voice. Clearly, spending efficiency is improved through better capacity, more transparency, and greater accountability to citizens.
Download or read book Fiscal Federalism 2014 Making Decentralisation Work written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview on recent trends and policies in intergovernmental fiscal relations and sub-central govenrment.
Download or read book Local Governance in Developing Countries written by Anwar Shah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a new institutional economics perspective on alternative models of local governance, offering a comprehensive view of local government organization and finance in the developing world. The experiences of ten developing/transition economies are reviewed to draw lessons of general interest in strengthening responsive, responsible, and accountable local governance. The book is written in simple user friendly language to facilitate a wider readership by policy makers and practitioners in addition to students and scholars of public finance, economics and politics.
Download or read book Achieving Better Service Delivery Through Decentralization in Ethiopia written by Marito Garcia and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-02-15 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Achieving Better Service Delivery Through Decentralization in Ethiopia examines the role decentralization has played in the improvement of human development indicators in Ethiopia. Ethiopia has made major strides in improving its human development indicators in the past 15 years, achieving significant increases in the coverage of basic education and health services in a short period of time. Improvements took place during a period of massive decentralization of fiscal resources, to the regions in 1994 and to woredas in 2002-03. The devolution of power and resources from the federal and regional governments to woredas appears to have improved the delivery of basic services. Surveys of beneficiaries reveal that they perceive that service coverage and quality have improved. Beneficiary satisfaction has increased markedly in education, and less conspicuously in water and health services. In the south, the decentralization to woredas in 2002-03 tended to narrow differences in per capita expenditures on education and health across woredas. Decentralization disproportionately favored woredas that are remote (more than 50 kilometers from a zonal capital), food-insecure, and pastoral, suggesting that decentralization has been pro-poor. Decentralization also narrowed the gap in educational outcomes between disadvantage and better-off woredas, especially in the south. Pastoral, food-insecure, and remote woredas gained in terms of the educational outcomes examined (gross enrollment rates, grade 8 examination pass rates, repetition rates, pupil-teacher ratios, and teacher-section ratios).
Download or read book Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia written by Janelle Plummer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-07-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a study of the nature of corruption in Ethiopia. It maps eight key sectors. The diagnostics strongly suggest that, in Ethiopia, corrupt practice in the delivery of basic services is potentially much lower than other low-income countries, but that there are emerging patterns in sector level corruption.
