Download or read book Fiscal and Monetary Contraction in Chile written by Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fiscal and Monetary Contraction in Chile written by Luis Servén and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: June 1995 To analyze the probable macroeconomic impact of fiscal and monetary retrenchment in Chile, an open-economy, dynamic rational-expectations macroeconomic model is applied to data for Chile. For the past two decades, Chile has consistently pursued a course of macroeconomic stabilization and deep economic reform. But in recent years, real exchange rate appreciation and persistent moderate inflation have become key concerns for Chilean policymakers, suggesting the need for further fiscal and monetary retrenchment. Using an open-economy, dynamic rational-expectations macroeconomic model applied to Chile, Schmidt-Hebbel and Serven analyze and quantify the macroeconomic impact of fiscal and monetary retrenchment. Several features of the model are essential for a realistic assessment of the effects of fiscal and monetary policy shifts in Chile: backward indexation of wages, consolidation of the central bank and the general government, and the coexistence of (1) liquidity-constrained consumers and firms with (2) unconstrained agents whose consumption and investment decisions reflect intertemporal optimization with perfect foresight. This framework makes it possible to distinguish meaningfully between permanent and transitory policy changes, as well as between changes that are or are not anticipated. Simulations show that a balanced-budget fiscal contraction leads to a modest real depreciation, which is sharper in the short term (especially if the contraction is temporary). At the same time, this type of fiscal retrenchment causes a temporary deterioration of the current account. An orthodox money-based disinflation implemented by halving the growth rate of base money leads to a sharp real appreciation in the near term, with steep output and employment costs in the short run, but it also causes a transitory improvement in the current account. This paper--a product of the Macroeconomics and Growth Division, Policy Research Department--is part of a larger effort in the department to model macroeconomic policy in developing countries.
Download or read book Fiscal and Monetary Contractions in Chile written by Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fiscal and Monetary Contraction in an Open Economy Chile written by Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chile written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-09-29 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cornerstone of Chile’s impressive fiscal performance and strong fiscal system has been its structural balance rule. It has helped to insulate public spending from copper price cycles and improve the government’s net financial position. Chile should adopt a full-fledged medium-term fiscal framework to improve fiscal planning and provide a framework for addressing temporary deviations from the fiscal rule. Publishing additional fiscal indicators in the budget, such as the non-copper structural balance, could provide more comprehensive information on the impact of fiscal policy on the domestic demand.
Download or read book Chile 2021 Article IV Consultation Press Release Staff Report and Statement by the Executive Director for Chile written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chilean economy has been hit by the pandemic while recovering from the social unrest in late 2019, requiring substantial adjustment of economic policies and the appropriate use of existing policy buffers. Following a sharp decline in mid-2020, economic activity started recovering in 2020H2 in the wake of ample policy stimulus. Inflation remains near the policy target, with inflation expectations anchored, and the current account balance has improved amid a sharp drop in imports and relatively resilient exports. Fiscal and monetary policies remain guided by the structural fiscal balance rule and the inflation-targeting framework, respectively. Beyond the pandemic-related risks, there is uncertainty stemming from a series of elections and the outcome of a New Constitution process—scheduled to finish in mid-2022—which are expected to shape the public discourse and influence the policy agenda.
Download or read book Chile written by Guillermo Perry and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The "Chilean model" has been expostulated for some time in the Latin American and Caribbean region and elsewhere because it appeared that the country, despite terrible political and economic turmoil, embodied important lessons about economic management." Over the last 15 years, Chile has been the Latin American country with the most consistent and successful economic record. The success of Chile's economic reforms and the subsequent dramatic increase in real income are well known. To a large extent, Chile's positive fiscal outcomes have been the result of sound policies as well as sound fiscal institutions. However, there is room for improvement in the education and health sectors, and the results for Chile in terms of equality of income are not positive. 'Chile: Recent Policy Lessons and Emerging Challenges' presents a series of papers analyzing different aspects of Chilean public policy, which cover economic and social policies as well as regulatory and governance issues. The book is broken down into three parts: The first part examines the contribution of macroeconomic policies to superior outcomes; the second part analyzes the many advances in the social sector and the remaining troublesome issues; and the third part evaluates regulatory reforms and the effects of privatization. Since no public policy model is static, further reforms are needed to maintain Chile's economic growth as well as to respond effectively to public demands. As Chile grapples with its pockets of poverty, the balance between social safety nets and the need for greater efficiency in labor markets, a rebalancing of regulatory powers, and other thorny issues, it will need to rely on its institutional experience in public policy and conflict resolution.
Download or read book Chile written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-07-08 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper for Chile describes the postcrisis recovery experience. The recovery from the 2008–2009 global crisis has been markedly different both among advanced and emerging economies. The steady improvement in the labor wedge-distortions related to the consumption leisure decision helped support the recovery. In Chile, the growth generated by this improvement, was sufficient to overcome the relatively weak performance of efficiency (TFP). Chile’s recovery has been characterized by strong investment growth, 0.8 percentage points higher than the precrisis trend. The establishment of the Financial Stability Council in 2011 is an important step to ensure close coordination among the institutions involved in Chile’s financial prudential framework.
Download or read book Chile Selected Issues written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected Issues
Download or read book General Equilibrium Dynamics of External Shocks and Policy Changes in Chile written by Francisco Gallego and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chile s Structural Fiscal Surplus Rule A Model Based Evaluation written by Michael Kumhof and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-04 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, the impacts of the rights of financial institutions and workers on corporate performance have been analyzed independently. Yet, theory clearly indicates that the combination of relative powers of different stakeholders affects a firm overall performance. Using U.S. state level and state-industry level data, we investigate how output growth is affected by bank branch deregulation and employment protection occurring over 1972-1993. We find that financial liberalization positively impact overall state growth but greater workers' rights affects it ambiguously. At the industry level, however, employment protection promotes those industries that are more knowledge intensive, while the effect of financial liberalization does not differ across industries that vary in external financing dependency. The results hold controlling for changes in shareholders' rights, which itself is not significant. The findings suggest that financial liberalization operates mostly through an efficiency channel, better reallocating resources across sectors, while employment protection creates higher incentives and encourages more sector-specific, human capital investments. Overall, the results show that the strength of stakeholders' protection affects performance through efficiency channels and provide support for a stakeholders' view of corporate governance.
Download or read book Chile written by International Monetary Fund and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2001-07-30 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents four studies on selected issues of the Chilean economy. The new framework for fiscal policy represented by the authorities' target of a central government structural surplus of 1 percent of GDP is also discussed. This study examines whether the variance of the cyclical component of output in Chile and 11 other countries increased during the 1990s, a period during which the variance of inflation declined. The alternative measures of potential output for Chile are also estimated.
Download or read book Potential Output Growth in Emerging Market Countries written by Mr.Jorge Roldos and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates potential output and the sources of growth in Chile during 1970-96. Actual output is cointegrated with the quality-adjusted measures of capital and labor, and constant returns to scale cannot be rejected. The estimates of potential output show a positive output gap in the years when the Chilean economy was deemed to be overheated. In 1986-90, the quality-adjusted labor variable explains close to 60 percent of the growth rate of GDP, while during 1991-95 capital formation plays a dominant role. The contribution of TFP growth in Chile is relatively small, but, based on a comparison with European and East Asian experiences, it is expected to increase in the medium term.
Download or read book Chile and the Neoliberal Trap written by Andrés Solimano and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes Chile's political economy and its attempt to build a market society in a highly inegalitarian country.
Download or read book Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy written by Michael Albertus and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that - in terms of institutional design, the allocation of power and privilege, and the lived experiences of citizens - democracy often does not restart the political game after displacing authoritarianism. Democratic institutions are frequently designed by the outgoing authoritarian regime to shield incumbent elites from the rule of law and give them an unfair advantage over politics and the economy after democratization. Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy systematically documents and analyzes the constitutional tools that outgoing authoritarian elites use to accomplish these ends, such as electoral system design, legislative appointments, federalism, legal immunities, constitutional tribunal design, and supermajority thresholds for change. The study provides wide-ranging evidence for these claims using data that spans the globe and dates from 1800 to the present. Albertus and Menaldo also conduct detailed case studies of Chile and Sweden. In doing so, they explain why some democracies successfully overhaul their elite-biased constitutions for more egalitarian social contracts.
Download or read book The Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy in Stimulating Economic Activity written by Richard Hemming and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The focus is on the size of fiscal multipliers, and on the possibility that multipliers can turn negative (i.e., that fiscal contractions can be expansionary). The paper concludes that fiscal multipliers are overwhelmingly positive but small. However, there is some evidence of negative fiscal multipliers.
Download or read book A Monetary and Fiscal History of Latin America 1960 2017 written by Timothy J. Kehoe and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major, new, and comprehensive look at six decades of macroeconomic policies across the region What went wrong with the economic development of Latin America over the past half-century? Along with periods of poor economic performance, the region’s countries have been plagued by a wide variety of economic crises. This major new work brings together dozens of leading economists to explore the economic performance of the ten largest countries in South America and of Mexico. Together they advance the fundamental hypothesis that, despite different manifestations, these crises all have been the result of poorly designed or poorly implemented fiscal and monetary policies. Each country is treated in its own section of the book, with a lead chapter presenting a comprehensive database of the country’s fiscal, monetary, and economic data from 1960 to 2017. The chapters are drawn from one-day academic conferences—hosted in all but one case, in the focus country—with participants including noted economists and former leading policy makers. Cowritten with Nobel Prize winner Thomas J. Sargent, the editors’ introduction provides a conceptual framework for analyzing fiscal and monetary policy in countries around the world, particularly those less developed. A final chapter draws conclusions and suggests directions for further research. A vital resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of economics and for economic researchers and policy makers, A Monetary and Fiscal History of Latin America, 1960–2017 goes further than any book in stressing both the singularities and the similarities of the economic histories of Latin America’s largest countries. Contributors: Mark Aguiar, Princeton U; Fernando Alvarez, U of Chicago; Manuel Amador, U of Minnesota; Joao Ayres, Inter-American Development Bank; Saki Bigio, UCLA; Luigi Bocola, Stanford U; Francisco J. Buera, Washington U, St. Louis; Guillermo Calvo, Columbia U; Rodrigo Caputo, U of Santiago; Roberto Chang, Rutgers U; Carlos Javier Charotti, Central Bank of Paraguay; Simón Cueva, TNK Economics; Julián P. Díaz, Loyola U Chicago; Sebastian Edwards, UCLA; Carlos Esquivel, Rutgers U; Eduardo Fernández Arias, Peking U; Carlos Fernández Valdovinos (former Central Bank of Paraguay); Arturo José Galindo, Banco de la República, Colombia; Márcio Garcia, PUC-Rio; Felipe González Soley, U of Southampton; Diogo Guillen, PUC-Rio; Lars Peter Hansen, U of Chicago; Patrick Kehoe, Stanford U; Carlos Gustavo Machicado Salas, Bolivian Catholic U; Joaquín Marandino, U Torcuato Di Tella; Alberto Martin, U Pompeu Fabra; Cesar Martinelli, George Mason U; Felipe Meza, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México; Pablo Andrés Neumeyer, U Torcuato Di Tella; Gabriel Oddone, U de la República; Daniel Osorio, Banco de la República; José Peres Cajías, U of Barcelona; David Perez-Reyna, U de los Andes; Fabrizio Perri, Minneapolis Fed; Andrew Powell, Inter-American Development Bank; Diego Restuccia, U of Toronto; Diego Saravia, U de los Andes; Thomas J. Sargent, New York U; José A. Scheinkman, Columbia U; Teresa Ter-Minassian (formerly IMF); Marco Vega, Pontificia U Católica del Perú; Carlos Végh, Johns Hopkins U; François R. Velde, Chicago Fed; Alejandro Werner, IMF.
