Download or read book First Principles Calculations of Air Fluorescence Efficiencies with Comparisons to Measurements written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fluorescence efficiencies used in calculating the optical emissions produced by energetic particles and penetrating radiation in air are derived for the most part from the measurements, of Davidson and O'neil, Mitchell and Hartman. These efficiencies were obtained from experiments conducted at various air pressures and in the absence of an applied electric field. In this paper we describe detailed 4.5 dimensional (two spatial dimensions and 2.5 phase space dimensions) kinetic calculations for the electron distribution function resulting from the injection of energetic electrons into air at various pressures. We choose beam parameters and dimensions that are directly relevant to the original Davidson and O'Neil experiments. From the electron distribution function and measured excitation cross-sections we then compute the optical efficiencies for a large number of nitrogen and oxygen lines across the electromagnetic spectrum from 320.0 nm to 800.0 nm. A comparison with various measurements is presented. We also present results from simulations with an applied electric field. The computed fluorescence efficiencies can be used to determine the optical emissions associated with high-altitude discharges driven by runaway air breakdown and results are discussed in a separate poster. We have also recalculated optical emission rates that are applicable to discharges dominated by. conventional breakdown for comparison with Taranenko et al. These rates are also used in our self-consistent sprite simulations.
Download or read book New Measurements of the Fluorescence Efficiency of Air Under Electron Bombardment written by Paul L. Hartman and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fluorescence efficiency of air under electron bombardment was measured at a pressure corresponding to an altitude of 65 km, for electron energies near 700 eV, with the principal measurements at the bright 3914-A band of the N2(+) ion. Efficiencies for the 3914-A band from two methods of observation were in good agreement, and gave a value eta-3914 = 0.34%. Spectra were obtained for air emission in the range 2500 to 12,000 A. Comparison of the radiation in the 3914-A band to that in the whole spectrum gave a total efficiency of 1.86% for this spectral range. Efficiencies of some individual bands of the N2 first and second positive systems were also determined by comparison with the 3914-A band. The 3914-A efficiency, for electron energies of 165 eV to 1 keV, was found to be nearly independent of energy, rising perhaps as the 0.07th power of the energy in this range. The dependence on pressure of the light output in the spectral range 3000 to 11,000 A was observed for electron energies of 750 and 1425 eV and pressures of 30 to 960 mu. The efficiency of the 3914-A band is independent of pressure below 100 mu. Above 100 mu, efficiencies of the N2(+) first negative and N2 first and second positive bands decrease with increasing pressure, the first positive decreasing most rapidly and the second positive least rapidly. (Author).
Download or read book Abstracts for the AGU Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy written by Joseph R. Lakowicz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorescence methods are being used increasingly in biochemical, medical, and chemical research. This is because of the inherent sensitivity of this technique. and the favorable time scale of the phenomenon of fluorescence. 8 Fluorescence emission occurs about 10- sec (10 nsec) after light absorp tion. During this period of time a wide range of molecular processes can occur, and these can effect the spectral characteristics of the fluorescent compound. This combination of sensitivity and a favorable time scale allows fluorescence methods to be generally useful for studies of proteins and membranes and their interactions with other macromolecules. This book describes the fundamental aspects of fluorescence. and the biochemical applications of this methodology. Each chapter starts with the -theoreticalbasis of each phenomenon of fluorescence, followed by examples which illustrate the use of the phenomenon in the study of biochemical problems. The book contains numerous figures. It is felt that such graphical presentations contribute to pleasurable reading and increased understand ing. Separate chapters are devoted to fluorescence polarization, lifetimes, quenching, energy transfer, solvent effects, and excited state reactions. To enhance the usefulness of this work as a textbook, problems are included which illustrate the concepts described in each chapter. Furthermore, a separate chapter is devoted to the instrumentation used in fluorescence spectroscopy. This chapter will be especially valuable for those perform ing or contemplating fluorescence measurements. Such measurements are easily compromised by failure to consider a number of simple principles.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics written by Pierre Sokolsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised edition provides an up-to-date summary of the field of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, dealing with their origin, propagation, and composition,. The authors reflect the enormous strides made since the first edition in the realm of experimental work, in particular the use of vastly improved, more sensitive and precise detectors. The level remains introductory and pedagogical, suitable for students and researchers interested in moving into this exciting field. Throughout the text, the authors focus on giving an introductory overview of the key physics issues, followed by a clear and concise description of experimental approaches and current results. Key Features: Updates the most coherent summary of the field available, with new text that provides the reader with clear historical context. Brand new discussion of contemporary space-based experiments and ideas for extending ground-based detectors. Completely new discussion of radio detection methods. Includes a new chapter on small to intermediate-scale anisotropy. Offers new sections on modern hadronic models and software packages to simulate showers.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1010 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book N A P C A Abstract Bulletin written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.
Download or read book U S Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 2180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications written by Chunlei Guo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive handbook gives a fully updated guide to lasers and laser technologies, including the complete range of their technical applications. This third volume covers modern applications in engineering and technology, including all new and updated case studies spanning telecommunications and data storage to medicine, optical measurement, defense and security, nanomaterials processing and characterization. Key Features: • Offers a complete update of the original, bestselling work, including many brand-new chapters. • Deepens the introduction to fundamentals, from laser design and fabrication to host matrices for solid-state lasers, energy level diagrams, hosting materials, dopant energy levels, and lasers based on nonlinear effects. • Covers new laser types, including quantum cascade lasers, silicon-based lasers, titanium sapphire lasers, terahertz lasers, bismuth-doped fiber lasers, and diode-pumped alkali lasers. • Discusses the latest applications, e.g., lasers in microscopy, high-speed imaging, attosecond metrology, 3D printing, optical atomic clocks, time-resolved spectroscopy, polarization and profile measurements, pulse measurements, and laser-induced fluorescence detection. • Adds new sections on laser materials processing, laser spectroscopy, lasers in imaging, lasers in environmental sciences, and lasers in communications. This handbook is the ideal companion for scientists, engineers, and students working with lasers, including those in optics, electrical engineering, physics, chemistry, biomedicine, and other relevant areas.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration. Technical Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
