Download or read book Firm Level Heterogeneity and the Aggregate Exchange Rate Effect on Exports written by Robert Dekle and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate what accounts for the different evidence between the aggregate and firm-level data on the exchange rate elasticity of exports. The typical estimation of the macroeconomic export equations gives insignificant estimates for this elasticity compared to those from the recent firm-level estimation. Using firm-level data from Japan, we identify the sources of this discrepancy, and show that the failure to account for cost and demand factors as well as firm-level productivity induces various kinds of biases for the aggregate estimate of the exchange rate elasticity of exports.
Download or read book Quality Trade and Exchange Rate Pass Through written by Natalie Chen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates theoretically and empirically the heterogeneous response of exporters to real exchange rate fluctuations due to product quality. Our model shows that the elasticity of demand perceived by exporters decreases with a real depreciation and with quality, leading to more pricing-to-market and to a smaller response of export volumes to a real depreciation for higher quality goods. We test the proposed theory using a highly disaggregated Argentinean firm-level wine export dataset between 2002 and 2009 combined with experts wine rankings as a measure of quality. The model predictions find strong support in the data and the results are robust to different measures of quality, samples, specifications, and to the potential endogeneity of quality.
Download or read book Exchange Rate Movements Firm level Exports and Heterogeneity written by Antoine Berthou and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How Do Different Exporters React to Exchange Rate Changes written by Nicolas Berman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Firm Level Productivity on Exchange Rate Pass Through written by Jonathan A. Cook and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A heterogeneous-firm trade model can explain the recent decrease in exchange rate pass-through to aggregate U.S. import prices as a result of decreased trade costs. A decrease in trade costs enables lower-productivity firms to begin exporting. The recent decrease in the responsiveness of U.S. import prices to exchange rates can be explained by the entry of these new exporters. This paper finds support for this explanation by testing another implication of this type of heterogeneous firm model: lower exchange rate pass-through for goods that are traded for short periods of time. This model also predicts that low-productivity firms have more volatile markups.
Download or read book Firm Specific Exchange Rate Exposure and Employment Adjustment written by Mi Dai and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate how firms' exposure to exchange rate shocks affect their employment decisions using a comprehensive firm-level data from China that match employment information with exports by destination and imports by source country. Exposure to exchange rate shocks varies across firms because of firms' different export and import orientation, as well as different distributions of trading partners. We propose a theory-consistent and firm-specific measure of exchange rate exposure to account for both dimensions of heterogeneity and exploit the variations from both sources to identify the impact of exchange rate changes. We find that exchange rate changes significantly affect firm employment by changing their marginal revenue of exports and marginal cost of importing intermediate inputs. Job creation exhibits larger sensitivity to exchange rate changes than job destruction. Also, using firm-specific exchange rate exposure creates more theory-consistent estimation results than using aggregate exchange rate exposure in firm-level studies.
Download or read book Dynamics of Firms and Trade in General Equilibrium written by Robert Dekle and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Falling Trade Costs Heterogeneous Firms and Industry Dynamics written by Andrew B. Bernard and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the response of industries and firms to changes in trade costs. Several new firm-level models of international trade with heterogeneous firms predict that industry productivity will rise as trade costs fall due to the reallocation of activity across plants within an industry. Using disaggregated U.S. import data, we create a new measure of trade costs over time and industries. As the models predict, productivity growth is faster in industries with falling trade costs. We also find evidence supporting the major hypotheses of the heterogenous-firm models. Plants in industries with falling trade costs are more likely to die or become exporters. Existing exporters increase their shipments abroad. The results do not apply equally across all sectors but are strongest for industries most likely to be producing horizontally-differentiated tradeable goods.
Download or read book Essays on Exporters Behavior and Their Aggregate Implications written by Clément Nedoncelle and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro-foundation of economic analysis is nothing new. In the last two decades, international trade stepped into that direction by documenting how observed trade flows were made of heterogeneous exporting firms, that differ from each other along many dimensions. Yet, accounting for this heterogeneity is just a first step. My thesis contributes to the literature by providing additional insights on exporters' behavior and, crucially, by deriving aggregate non-trivial aggregate implications from this micro-level heterogeneity, of particular importance for both academics and policymakers. In chapter 1, I estimate the pro-trade effect of migrants. Using exhaustive administrative data of French firms' employment, I show that firms are heterogeneous in their employment of foreign-born workers. I also show that employing migrant workers generates a pro-trade effect that occurs both through increased access to information on the partner country and through increased productivity within the firm boundaries. In chapter 2, I solve a puzzle relating exchange-rate volatility and trade flows. I show that multi-destination firms, who account for the bulk of aggregate exports, react to an adverse shock of exchange-rate volatility transferring trade to other and less volatile destinations, thus leaving exports unchanged at the aggregate level. In chapter 3, using aggregate data for the OECD countries, I provide evidence that the response of current accounts to changes in trade costs depends on the capital intensity of production and on the depth of regional agreements on trade and factor mobility. Accounting for sectoral composition of trade is thus crucial to assess the consequences of trade liberalization.
Download or read book Real Exchange Rates Economic Complexity and Investment written by Steve Brito and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-05-10 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We show that the response of firm-level investment to real exchange rate movements varies depending on the production structure of the economy. Firms in advanced economies and in emerging Asia increase investment when the domestic currency weakens, in line with the traditional Mundell-Fleming model. However, in other emerging market and developing economies, as well as some advanced economies with a low degree of structural economic complexity, corporate investment increases when the domestic currency strengthens. This result is consistent with Diaz Alejandro (1963)—in economies where capital goods are mostly imported, a stronger real exchange rate reduces investment costs for domestic firms.
Download or read book Aggregate Implications of Firm Heterogeneity written by Rodrigo Adão and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We measure the role of firm heterogeneity in counterfactual predictions of monopolistic competition trade models without parametric restrictions on the distribution of firm fundamentals. We show that two bilateral elasticity functions are sufficient to nonparametrically compute the counterfactual aggregate impact of trade shocks, and recover changes in economic fundamentals from observed data. These functions are identified from two semiparametric gravity equations governing the impact of bilateral trade costs on the extensive and intensive margins of firm-level exports. Applying our methodology, we estimate elasticity functions that imply an impact of trade costs on trade flows that falls when more firms serve a market because of smaller extensive margin responses. Compared to a baseline where elasticities are constant, firm heterogeneity amplifies both the gains from trade in countries with more exporter firms and the welfare gains of European market integration in 2003-2012.
Download or read book The Organization of Firms in a Global Economy written by Dalia Marin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a new research program that is transforming the study of international trade. Until a few years ago, models of international trade did not recognize the heterogeneity of firms and exporters, and could not provide good explanations of international production networks. Now such models exist and are explored in this volume.
Download or read book Exporting Through Intermediaries Impact on Export Dynamics and Welfare written by Parisa Kamali and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many countries, a sizable share of international trade is carried out by intermediaries. While large firms tend to export to foreign markets directly, smaller firms typically export via intermediaries (indirect exporting). I document a set of facts that characterize the dynamic nature of indirect exporting using firm-level data from Vietnam and develop a dynamic trade model with both direct and indirect exporting modes and customer accumulation. The model is calibrated to match the dynamic moments of the data. The calibration yields fixed costs of indirect exporting that are less than a third of those of direct exporting, the variable costs of indirect exporting are twice higher, and demand for the indirectly exported products grows more slowly. Decomposing the gains from indirect and direct exporting, I find that 18 percent of the gains from trade in Vietnam are generated by indirect exporters. Finally, I demonstrate that a dynamic model that excludes the indirect exporting channel will overstate the welfare gains associated with trade liberalization by a factor of two.
Download or read book Product Dynamics and Aggregate Shocks written by Robert Dekle and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dominant Currency Paradigm A New Model for Small Open Economies written by Camila Casas and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most trade is invoiced in very few currencies. Despite this, the Mundell-Fleming benchmark and its variants focus on pricing in the producer’s currency or in local currency. We model instead a ‘dominant currency paradigm’ for small open economies characterized by three features: pricing in a dominant currency; pricing complementarities, and imported input use in production. Under this paradigm: (a) the terms-of-trade is stable; (b) dominant currency exchange rate pass-through into export and import prices is high regardless of destination or origin of goods; (c) exchange rate pass-through of non-dominant currencies is small; (d) expenditure switching occurs mostly via imports, driven by the dollar exchange rate while exports respond weakly, if at all; (e) strengthening of the dominant currency relative to non-dominant ones can negatively impact global trade; (f) optimal monetary policy targets deviations from the law of one price arising from dominant currency fluctuations, in addition to the inflation and output gap. Using data from Colombia we document strong support for the dominant currency paradigm.
Download or read book Changing Patterns of Global Trade written by Nagwa Riad and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-01-15 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changing Patterns of Global Trade outlines the factors underlying important shifts in global trade that have occurred in recent decades. The emergence of global supply chains and their increasing role in trade patterns allowed emerging market economies to boost their inputs in high-technology exports and is associated with increased trade interconnectedness.The analysis points to one important trend taking place over the last decade: the emergence of China as a major systemically important trading hub, reflecting not only the size of trade but also the increase in number of its significant trading partners.
Download or read book Does What You Export Matter written by Daniel Lederman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-06-18 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.
