Download or read book Firing Up Regional Brain Networks written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2017-02-01 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) of encouraging intraregional mobility must be understood in the context of changing population dynamics, rising educational levels and aspirations, and increasingly dynamic---if complex---economic forces. This report explores the forces that are poised to transform the supply, demand, and mobility of skilled professionals across ASEAN, and the unique opportunities their convergence presents for human capital development and brain circulation within Southeast Asia. It draws on the insights of nearly 400 ASEAN and member state officials, private sector employers, training directors, and others who participated in focus group discussions, meetings, and surveys.
Download or read book Attention and Disruption written by Caterina Gratton and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An abundance of research has demonstrated that the brain is both organized into discrete, highly specialized, regions and that distributed regions work together in the form of large-scale networks. It remains unclear, however, how to reconcile these two views of brain function. In this thesis, I present several projects that investigated the specialized properties of individual regions, how these change depending on cognitive demands and external disruption, and how these changes interact with modulations across large-scale networks. Across these projects, I use a combination of methods including psychophysics, univariate and multivariate modeling of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), and the study of patients with focal lesions. The first section of this thesis focuses on visual attention to high-level face stimuli. Here, I demonstrate that highly specialized representations exist for individual faces, but that engaging in sustained top-down attention can cause selective modulations in these representations. This suggests that large-scale networks can interact with, and modify, the properties of local regions in an extremely selective manner. The second section of the thesis examines how disrupting local regions, through focal brain lesions or TMS, impacts the structure of large-scale networks. The first two chapters in this section examine how acute and chronic disruptions modulate the magnitude of interactions throughout cognitive control networks. An additional project explores methodological considerations involving the variability in TMS effects and how these might be measured most effectively. The final project in this section examines how focal brain lesions also affect the organization of distributed networks. This section illustrates how the properties of local regions can modulate both the magnitude and organization of distributed networks. In sum, these projects demonstrate that large-scale networks can both drive and be driven by the highly specialized properties of local regions. This research will hopefully provide some insight into how brain regions may concurrently demonstrate highly specialized brain activity and participate in distributed brain networks, and flexibly modify these interactions, in order to carry out complex behavioral functions.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis written by Alex Fornito and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-04 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to methods for unraveling the extraordinary complexity of neuronal connectivity. From the perspective of graph theory and network science, this book introduces, motivates and explains techniques for modeling brain networks as graphs of nodes connected by edges, and covers a diverse array of measures for quantifying their topological and spatial organization. It builds intuition for key concepts and methods by illustrating how they can be practically applied in diverse areas of neuroscience, ranging from the analysis of synaptic networks in the nematode worm to the characterization of large-scale human brain networks constructed with magnetic resonance imaging. This text is ideally suited to neuroscientists wanting to develop expertise in the rapidly developing field of neural connectomics, and to physical and computational scientists wanting to understand how these quantitative methods can be used to understand brain organization. - Winner of the 2017 PROSE Award in Biomedicine & Neuroscience and the 2017 British Medical Association (BMA) Award in Neurology - Extensively illustrated throughout by graphical representations of key mathematical concepts and their practical applications to analyses of nervous systems - Comprehensively covers graph theoretical analyses of structural and functional brain networks, from microscopic to macroscopic scales, using examples based on a wide variety of experimental methods in neuroscience - Designed to inform and empower scientists at all levels of experience, and from any specialist background, wanting to use modern methods of network science to understand the organization of the brain
Download or read book Asian Economic Integration Report 2018 written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is the annual report of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) on Asia's progress in regional cooperation and integration. It covers ADB's 48 regional members and analyzes regional and global economic linkages. This year's special chapter, "Toward Optimal Provision of Regional Public Goods in Asia and the Pacific," examines how collective action among countries can help find solutions to growing transnational development challenges. It discusses how to best provide regional public goods that transcend the so-called "collective action problem," which occurs when individual interests are too weak on their own to drive cooperation on common issues. The chapter suggests that multilateral development banks should act as honest broker in enhancing mutual trust and facilitating regional cooperation for regional public goods.
Download or read book Skilled Labor Mobility and Migration written by Elisabetta Gentile and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the primary objectives of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), established in 2015, was to boost skilled labor mobility within the region. This insightful book takes stock of the existing trends and patterns of skilled labor migration in the ASEAN. It endeavors to identify the likely winners and losers from the free movement of natural persons within the region through counterfactual policy simulations. Finally, it discusses existing issues and obstacles through case studies, as well as other sectoral examples.
Download or read book Migrating to Opportunity written by Mauro Testaverde and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The movement of people in Southeast Asia is an issue of increasing importance. Countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are now the origin of 8 percent of the world's migrants. These countries host only 4 percent of the world's migrants but intra-regional migration has turned Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand into regional migration hubs that are home to 6.5 million ASEAN migrants. However, significant international and domestic labor mobility costs limit the ability of workers to change firms, sectors, and geographies in ASEAN. This report takes an innovative approach to estimate the costs for workers to migrate internationally. Singapore and Malaysia have the lowest international labor mobility costs in ASEAN while workers migrating to Myanmar and Vietnam have the highest costs. Singapore and Malaysia's more developed migration systems are a key reason for their lower labor mobility costs. How easily workers can move to take advantage of new opportunities is important in determining how they fare under the increased economic integration planned for ASEAN. To study this question, the report simulates how worker welfare is affected by enhanced trade integration under different scenarios of labor mobility costs. Region-wide, worker welfare would be 14 percent higher if barriers to mobility were reduced for skilled workers, and an additional 29 percent if barriers to mobility were lowered for all workers. Weaknesses in migration systems increase international labor mobility costs, but policy reforms can help. Destination countries should work toward systems that are responsive to economic needs and consistent with domestic policies. Sending countries should balance protections for migrant workers with the needs of economic development.
Download or read book Exploring Brain Functional Networks Using Multimodal Approaches in Awake Rodents written by Xu Han and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is a highly coordinated network, consisting of a set of interconnected regions. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) is the predominant method used to investigate functional brain networks. It measures brain-wide resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) by estimating co-fluctuations of spontaneous brain activities between different regions. Despite significant progress, current research on brain network function using rsfMRI largely remains at the correlational and descriptive level. A comprehensive understanding of causal relationships of brain networks and how brain networks mediate behavior remains elusive. To address this issue, this dissertation comprises three studies. In the first study, the feasibility of deriving causality (i.e., directional information) in the brain network was examined by utilizing neural modulation techniques and rsfMRI. The study was carried out on a resting-state rodent model using stabilized step-function opsin (SSFO)-based optogenetics combined with rsfMRI. The impact of a localized increase of excitability on brain-wide RSFC was examined by incorporating Pearson's correlation and partial correlation analyses in a graphical model to derive both directness and directional information in connections that displayed RSFC modulations. The results showed that upon SSFO activation of the dentate gyrus (DG), there were significant changes in connectivity within several brain regions associated with the DG, particularly in the medial prefrontal cortex. Based on a causal inference model, an accuracy rate of 84%-100% was achieved when compared to the directional information obtained from anatomical tracing data. In the second study, the causal impact of inhibiting a central node in the memory network (i.e., the dorsal hippocampus) on both brain-wide RSFC and behavior was investigated by combining chemogenetics, rsfMRI, and behavior tests. The results demonstrated that the suppression of dorsal hippocampus (dHP) activity led to significant alterations in RSFC in an extended hippocampal-related brain network. Importantly, the data suggest that these changes contributed to the impaired performance observed in a memory-related test (i.e., Y-maze). In a separate research line, the development of neurovascular coupling in postnatal mice was investigated. Neurovascular coupling is the mechanism that associates neural activity with subsequent blood flow and forms the foundation of the fMRI signal. However, neurovascular coupling is not mature in neonates, hindering the interpretation of fMRI signals in young animals. In this dissertation, hemodynamic response was measured in awake mice from 10 days postnatal to adulthood (P10-P60). The data showed that the stimulation-evoked BOLD response was lower or even negative in young pups, and the time-to-peak of the BOLD signal in young mice was longer. Collectively, this dissertation established the optogenetic- and chemogenetic-fMRI systems to investigate the relationship between local region activity and RSFC modulation. It provided a way to analyze causal relationships between brain regions and determine network contributions to behavioral changes under neural modulation. It also characterized development-related neurovascular coupling.
Download or read book Reinventing Mutual Recognition Arrangements written by Dovelyn Rannveig Mendoza and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2017-02-01 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments and nonstate actors around the world have signed mutual recognition arrangements (MRAs), but while most of them share the goals of streamlining the recognition of foreign workers' qualifications and boosting labor mobility, the MRAs vary considerably. Implementation challenges faced in the Americas, Asia and the Pacific, and Europe offer lessons for Asian policymakers seeking to operationalize the MRAs of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This report is the latest in a project by the Asian Development Bank and the Migration Policy Institute to improve understanding of the barriers to the free movement of professionals within ASEAN and to support the development of strategies to overcome these hurdles. The report draws on insights of nearly 400 ASEAN and member state officials, private sector employers, training directors, and others who participated in focus group discussions, meetings, and surveys.
Download or read book Transitions from Education to Work written by Roslyn Cameron and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labour markets are becoming more dynamic in response to pressures from globalisation, new technologies and trade agreements, as well as cross-border migration, inter-generation differences, changing education imperatives and employer expectations. By focusing on several Asia Pacific countries, this book explores the differences in their workforces: ageing, or abundant in labour but lacking in skilled employees. One similarity these countries share is the difficulty in attracting and retaining employees with the required skillset and capabilities, and these constraints can stymie national economic growth and long term development. This book brings together national and international perspectives on employability challenges faced by selected countries in the Asia Pacific region. While the region is forecast to enjoy high growth in the coming decade, a recurring challenge is addressing skill shortages and ensuring effective transition from training colleges and universities into employment. Consequently, the book focuses on the roles of multiple stakeholders, primarily: governments, education providers and employers – in more effectively addressing these key socio-economic challenges.
Download or read book Tapping Technology to Maximize the Longevity Dividend in Asia written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asia is graying rapidly: its share of senior population aged 65 and over will double from 9.2% in 2020, to 18% in 2050. Some countries will experience a drastic reduction of its working-age population (ages 15–64), as well as aging of the current workforce. This report explores the role and potential of technology in addressing economic and labor market opportunities and challenges posed by aging. It shows how technology can harness gains from the longevity dividend and draws together national and regional policy recommendations for countries in Asia and the Pacific.
Download or read book Building Higher Education Cooperation with the EU written by Elizabeth Balbachevsky and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building Higher Education Cooperation with the EU: Challenges and Opportunities from Four Continents offers a detailed study of higher education cooperation between the EU and four continents with an examination of the challenges and opportunities. These findings have enabled the development of a new understanding of the internationalisation of higher education.
Download or read book The Sustainable State written by Chandran Nair and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Asks difficult questions and offers bold, provocative answers . . . These pages open our eyes to some of the most urgent problemss facing humanity. A must-read.” —Moisés Naím, author of The Revenge of Power The free-market, limited-government development model has been an ecological and social disaster for the developing world. Sustainable and equitable development is only possible with the active involvement of a strong central state that can guide the economy, protect the environment, and prioritize meeting people’s basic needs. In this sure-to-be-controversial book, Chandran Nair shows that the market-dominated model followed by the industrialized West is simply not scalable. The US alone, with less than five percent of the world population, consumes nearly a quarter of its resources. If Asian countries, where sixty percent of the world lives, follow the Western lead, the results will be calamitous. Instead, Nair argues that development must be directed by a state that is willing and able to intervene in the economy. Corporations, which by design demand ever-expanding consumption, need to be directed toward meeting societal needs or otherwise restrained, not unleashed. Development has to be oriented towards the greatest good—clean drinking water for the many has to take precedence over swimming pools for the few. He provides three compelling case studies demonstrating the benefits of such strong state governance and the findings of weak state governance. This will mean rethinking the meaning of concepts like “prosperity,” “freedom,” and “rights,” and whether democracy is always the best way to ensure responsive government—as Nair writes, “A democracy that cannot work to improve the life of its citizens is not better than a non-democracy that can actually improve quality of life.” Many people will find these to be challenging ideas, but what Nair offers is a model suited to the realities of the developing world, not the assumptions of the dominant culture.
Download or read book Indonesia written by Edimon Ginting and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on Indonesia's most pressing labor market challenges and associated policy options to achieve higher and more inclusive economic growth. The challenges consist of creating jobs for and the skills in a youthful and increasingly better educated workforce, and raising the productivity of less-educated workers to meet the demands of the digital age. The book deals with a range of interrelated topics---the changing supply and demand for labor in relation to the shift of workers out of agriculture; urbanization and the growth of megacities; raising the quality of schooling for new jobs in the digital economy; and labor market policies to improve both labor standards and productivity.
Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Download or read book From Brain Drain to Brain Circulation and Linkage written by Gi-Wook Shin and published by . This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Neurons to Neighborhoods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Download or read book Brain Injury Medicine Third Edition written by Nathan D. Zasler, MD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 1891 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This updated textbook was much needed as there has been increased attention in recent years toward brain injuries. The book provides updated guidelines and clinical practice recommendations that support the intended audience of trainees and current practitioners. This update makes it the current standard text for any brain injury specialist." ---Doody's Review Service, 4 stars This revised and greatly expanded Third Edition of Brain Injury Medicine continues its reputation as the key core textbook in the field, bringing together evidence-based medicine and years of collective author clinical experience in a clear and comprehensive guide for brain injury professionals. Universally praised as the gold standard text and go-to clinical reference, the book covers the entire continuum of care from early diagnosis and assessment through acute management, rehabilitation, associated medical and quality of life issues, and functional outcomes. With 12 new chapters and expanded coverage in key areas of pathobiology and neuro-recovery, special populations, sport concussion, disorders of consciousness, neuropharmacology, and more, this "state of the science" resource promotes a multi-disciplinary approach to a complex condition with consideration of emerging topics and the latest clinical advances. Written by over 200 experts from all involved disciplines, the text runs the full gamut of practice of brain injury medicine including principles of public health and research, biomechanics and neural recovery, neuroimaging and neurodiagnostic testing, sport and military, prognosis and outcome, acute care, treatment of special populations, neurologic and other medical complications post-injury, motor and musculoskeletal problems, post-trauma pain disorders, cognitive and behavioral problems, functional mobility, neuropharmacology and alternative treatments, community reentry, and medicolegal and ethical issues. Unique in its scope of topics relevant to professionals working with patients with brain injury, this third edition offers the most complete and contemporary review of clinical practice standards in the field. Key Features: Thoroughly revised and updated Third Edition of the seminal reference on brain injury medicine Evidence-based consideration of emerging topics with new chapters covering pathobiology, biomarkers, neurorehabilitation nursing, neurodegenerative dementias, anoxic/hypoxic ischemic brain injury, infectious causes of acquired brain injury, neuropsychiatric assessment, PTSD, and capacity assessment Multi-disciplinary authorship with leading experts from a wide range of specialties including but not limited to physiatry, neurology, psychiatry, neurosurgery, neuropsychology, physical therapy, occupational therapy speech language pathology, and nursing New online chapters on survivorship, family perspectives, and resources for persons with brain injury and their caregivers Purchase includes digital access for use on most mobile devices or computers
