Download or read book Finite Element Modelling of Sport Impacts written by David Koncan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concussions are injuries that can result in debilitating symptoms, suffered by people of all ages, with children being at elevated risk for injury. Falls account for over 20% of head injuries worldwide, and up to 50% of concussive injuries in children. Following a concussion, children typically take longer for symptoms to resolve compared to adults. It is unknown whether or not children are more, less, or equally susceptible to concussive injury based on the mechanical response, with researchers divided on the subject. There is currently a paucity of published data for concussive injuries in children, with few studies investigating impact biomechanics and strain response in the brain using FE models. Those that exist typically rely on scaled adult models that do not capture age-dependent geometric properties, material properties of tissues, and the developmental stage of the brain reflected by the patterns of grey and white matter within the brain. Newer child models are being developed, however at present they are focused on car crash investigations that do not offer an accurate reflection of sports-related impacts, and those that could be experienced from day-to-day activities since impact characteristics (e.g. magnitude, duration, surface compliance) differ largely between these types of events. Strain magnitudes differ between events causing concussion in adults (falls, collisions, punches, and projectiles), so it follows that the unique impact characteristics of car crash events do not typically coincide with those associated with sports impacts. Car crash events can result in much longer impact durations compared to sporting impacts (100 ms duration in car crashes vs. 5-30 ms in sports impacts). The purpose of this thesis was to assess how the mechanical response of the brain in young children near 6 years old differs from an adult brain in cases resulting in concussive injury for sports impacts. Study one created a novel FE model of a 6-year-old brain, using medical images to extract an accurate representation of the geometry and tissues inside the head of a 6-year-old child. The developmental stage of the younger brain was captured using a highly-refined mesh to accurately represent the folds of white matter within the cerebrum. With no intracranial data for child cadavers available, published data of adult cadavers was used to validate the brain motion from impacts. Comparisons were made to a scaled adult model to highlight how the different model constructions influence brain motion and resulting strains. The new model showed higher correlation to the cadaver data compared to the scaled model, and yielded "good biofidelity" measures when assessed using a modified version of the normalized integral square error method. For young children, the new model was proposed to be more appropriate for concussion investigations as it captures age-appropriate geometry, material properties, and developmental stage of the brain, reflected in the patterns and volumes of grey and white matter within the brain. Study two tested the model for sensitivity across three levels of surface compliance and impact velocity consistent with sport impact events, and compared strain responses to a scaled adult model. The 6-year-old model showed unique strain responses compared to the scaled adult model with peak strains being lower across most impact events. Strain patterns also differed between models, with less strain being transmitted into the white matter in the 6-year-old model. Low compliance impacts yielded highest differences in strains (3̃0%), moderate compliance impacts yielded more similar strains (9̃% lower), with high compliance impacts showing a location dependent response with frontal impacts being 14% lower, and side impacts being 9% higher than the scaled model. The sensitivity study characterized the model responses, allowing for better comparisons between the two different model constructions. Study three then compared the strain responses of reconstructed real-world concussive events for both children and adults. Forty cases of concussion from falls in children and adults (20 children aged 5-7, 20 adults) were reconstructed using physical models, with the measured impact kinematics used to load the FE models. Concussive cases of children showed lower strains than adults, finding a velocity driven relationship since the child concussions occurred at lower impact velocities compared to the adults. Lower peak strains, as well as cumulative strains in the child cases suggest that children are vulnerable to concussion at lower strain compared to adults. Protective strategies for children should address this vulnerability, no longer relying on product scaling to create head protection for youth.

Download or read book Finite Element Analysis FEA for Soccer Ball Impact written by Siti Sarah Abd Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this era of technology, the present day game of soccer is the implication of many developments in term of the physical evolution of players, playing rules and regulation, and the design as well as the manufacture of playing equipment has receive attention among famous manufacturers. During the typical soccer match, the ball may be kicked as many as 2000 times, with linear velocities between 25 to 30 m/s, spin rates of 5 to 600 rpm and linear acceleration values of 8 m/s (T. Asami et al, 1998). Advances in material science have driven the technological development of soccer balls. In the 19 century the introduction of vulcanized rubber was the most important discovery to enable sports ball development (L. Cordingley et al, 2002). Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) which is the soccer world governing body has introduced the Denomations program in 1996 to ensure the global consistency of soccer ball used in elite competition. The design, development and innovation of soccer ball are crucial activities in order to gain competitive advantages within the market. Regardless of the market interest, the researchers aim to improve sport performance and to reduce injuries. In this project, the simulation done using by the finite element software named ABAQUS. ABAQUS software is a suite of mutual application for finite element analysis. It provides a powerful and unified system for engineering analysis and digital prototyping in support of design and manufacturing. The early study is between the soccer ball and the rigid plate. The effects of velocity and materials properties between soccer ball and the rigid plate were investigated. The peak impact force will be investigated using the equation stated by referring to theMjournal. The construction of the finite element (FE) model was design in 3D between a soccer ball and a rigid plate. To determine the accuracy of present simulation, the results were compared with experimental test of soccer ball. There is also the validation with the case study from establish journal by (D. S. Price et al, 2006). th.

Download or read book Sports Materials written by Thomas Allen and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-01-24 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in materials are crucial to the development of sports equipment, from tennis rackets to skis to running shoes. Materials-driven improvements in equipment have helped athletes perform better, while enhancing safety and making sport more accessible and enjoyable. This book brings together a collection of 10 papers on the topic of sports materials, as published in a Special Issue of Applied Sciences. The papers within this book cover a range of sports, including golf, tennis, table tennis and baseball. State-of-the-art engineering techniques, such as finite element modelling, impact testing and full-field strain measurement, are applied to help further our understanding of sports equipment mechanics and the role of materials, with a view to improving performance, enhancing safety and facilitating informed regulatory decision making. The book also includes papers that describe emerging and novel materials, including auxetic materials with their negative Poisson’s ratio (fattening when stretched) and knits made of bamboo charcoal. This collection of papers should serve as a useful resource for sports engineers working in both academia and industry, as well as engineering students who are interested in sports equipment and materials.

Download or read book Finite Element Analysis on Badminton Racket Design Parameters written by Fakhrizal Azmy Nasruddin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work identifies the characteristics of racket design parameters that influence racket performance. It presents the finite element analysis of several designs of badminton rackets and compares them to experimental results for validation. Designing a racket requires a comprehensive understanding of racket performance characteristics. Essentially, racket performance is related to the sweet spot, which is the spot on the racket head that produces the most power and control when it strikes a shuttlecock. Determining a coefficient of restitution can help to identify the sweet spot on a racket. By analyzing several head shape designs, it becomes apparent that isometric head shape rackets produce better coefficients of restitution compared to oval and round ones. It is recommended that the racket design consist of low string tension, stiffer racket shafts and bigger head size in order to produce higher shuttlecock speed.

Download or read book Brain Injury Medicine 2nd Edition written by Nathan D. Zasler, MD and published by Demos Medical Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-27 with total page 1549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a clear and comprehensive guide to all aspects of the management of traumatic brain injury-from early diagnosis and evaluation through the post-acute period and rehabilitation. An essential reference for physicians and other health care professionals who work with brain injured patients, the book focuses on assessment and treatment of the wider variety of clinical problems these patients face and addresses many associated concerns such as epidemiology, ethical issues, legal issues, and life-care planning. Written by over 190 acknowledged leaders, the text covers the full spectrum of the practice of brain injury medicine including principles of neural recovery, neuroimaging and neurodiagnostic testing, prognosis and outcome, acute care, rehabilitation, treatment of specific populations, neurologic and other medical problems following injury, cognitive and behavioral problems, post-traumatic pain disorders, pharmacologic and alternative treatments, and community reentry and productivity.

Download or read book Snow Sports Trauma and Safety written by Irving S. Scher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. This book covers the latest in snow sport epidemiology, snow sport injuries and treatment, and biomechanical/mechanical engineering related to snow sports injuries (mechanisms of injury, injury prevention by equipment design, injury prevention by design of resort features, and more). It brings together a collection of papers from the International Congress on Ski Trauma and Safety (the biennal meeting of the International Society for Skiing Safety) and presents the latest research on the effectiveness of winter sports equipment, the behavior of winter sports participants, and the epidemiology and biomechanics of winter sports injuries. This is an ideal book for researchers and professionals working in the field of sports medicine and safety. This book also: Covers the latest body of literature dealing with safety in winter sports as well as the prevention and treatment of injuries sustained by participants in these activities Broadens readers’ understanding of snow sport injury prevention research Illustrates ways safety standards for snow sports can be improved based on evidence-based research.

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Sports Technology and Engineering written by Franz Konstantin Fuss and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From carbon fibre racing bikes to ‘sharkskin’ swimsuits, the application of cutting-edge design, technology and engineering has proved to be a vital ingredient in enhanced sports performance. This is the first book to offer a comprehensive survey of contemporary sports technology and engineering, providing a complete overview of academic, professional and industrial knowledge and technique. The book is divided into eight sections covering the following topics : Sustainable Sports Engineering Instrumentation Technology Summer Mobility Sports Winter Mobility Sports Apparel and Protection Equipment Sports Implements (racquets, clubs, bats, sticks) Sports Balls Sports Surfaces and Facilities Written by an international team of leading experts from industry, academia and commercial research institutes, the emphasis throughout the book is on innovation, the relationship between business and science, and the improvement of sports performance. This is an essential reference for anybody working in sports technology, sports product design, sports engineering, biomechanics, ergonomics, sports business or applied sport science.

Download or read book Understanding the Discrete Element Method written by Hans-Georg Matuttis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gives readers a more thorough understanding of DEM and equips researchers for independent work and an ability to judge methods related to simulation of polygonal particles Introduces DEM from the fundamental concepts (theoretical mechanics and solidstate physics), with 2D and 3D simulation methods for polygonal particles Provides the fundamentals of coding discrete element method (DEM) requiring little advance knowledge of granular matter or numerical simulation Highlights the numerical tricks and pitfalls that are usually only realized after years of experience, with relevant simple experiments as applications Presents a logical approach starting withthe mechanical and physical bases,followed by a description of the techniques and finally their applications Written by a key author presenting ideas on how to model the dynamics of angular particles using polygons and polyhedral Accompanying website includes MATLAB-Programs providing the simulation code for two-dimensional polygons Recommended for researchers and graduate students who deal with particle models in areas such as fluid dynamics, multi-body engineering, finite-element methods, the geosciences, and multi-scale physics.

Download or read book Sports Concussions written by Isabelle Gagnon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sport-related concussions have become an increasingly important topic as evidenced by recent media attention. Due in large part to the complex nature of concussive injuries, there is great discrepancy in the effect these injuries have on individual functioning and the type and nature of services that best facilitate recovery. This book is intended as a complete reference guide dealing with sports-related concussions.

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Ergonomics in Sport and Exercise written by Youlian Hong and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ergonomics is concerned with the ‘fit’ between people and their work. With an increasing number of people becoming conscious about their health and participating in sport or physical activity, ergonomics has become an increasingly prominent concern within the sport and exercise sciences. From the design of footwear and artificial playing surfaces, to studies of proprioception by obese children , the way in which people interact with their environment - designed and natural – has important implications for performance sport and for the design of safe and beneficial forms of physical activity. The Routledge Handbook of Ergonomics in Sport and Exercise is the first book to offer a comprehensive and in-depth survey of cutting-edge scientific research into ergonomics in sport and exercise. Written by world-leading international scientists and researchers, the book explores key topics such as: Musculoskeletal adaptation to sports and exercise Environmental factors of injury and fatigue Load weight and performance Ergonomics in adapted sports and exercise Measurement in sports and exercise Modeling and simulation in ergonomics design Influence of playing surface, footwear and equipment design Bridging the gap between fundamental scientific research in sport and exercise and applications in sport and exercise contexts, this is an important reference for all advanced students, researchers and professionals working in sport and exercise science, kinesiology, sports technology, sports engineering, ergonomics, and product design.

Download or read book Tackling the Concussion Epidemic written by Tom A. Schweizer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-the-art book brings together the full range of issues that can inform care for patients experiencing the effects of concussion. Written by an international panel of experts and edited by a critical care physician and by a cognitive neuroscientist, the book serves as a primer of the various domains of study and application, while providing clinical insights and evidence to bring towards treatment. Chapters span the basic mechanics and pathophysiology of concussion, through its assessment, management, and complications. Comprehensive and timely, this book is accessible to healthcare professionals, and researchers eager to learn something about this field.

Download or read book Human Centered Technology for a Better Tomorrow written by Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book acts as a compilation of papers presented in the Human Engineering Symposium (HUMENS 2021). The symposium theme, “Human-centered Technology for A Better Tomorrow,” covers the following research topics: ergonomics, biomechanics, sports technology, medical device and instrumentation, artificial intelligence / machine learning, industrial design, rehabilitation, additive manufacturing, modelling and bio-simulation, and signal processing. Fifty-nine articles published in this book are divided into four parts, namely Part 1—Artificial Intelligence and Biosimulation, Part 2—Biomechanics, Safety and Sports, Part 3—Design and Instrumentation, and Part 4—Ergonomics.

Download or read book Materials in Sports Equipment written by Mike Jenkins and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-07-23 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improvements in materials technology have made a significant impact on sporting performance in recent years. Advanced materials and novel processing methods have enabled the development of new types of equipment with enhanced properties, as well as improving the overall design of sporting goods. The interdependence between material technology and design, and its impact on many of the most popular sports, is reviewed in this book.Materials in sports equipment presents the latest research, from a distinguished panel of international contributors, into the chemical structure and composition, microstructure and material processing of the various materials used in a wide range of sports. The relationship between performance and design is examined in detail for each sport covered.Part one concentrates on the general use of materials in sports. Here, the reader is given a broad insight into the overall influence of materials in sports, and the significance of material processing and design. Part two focuses on showing how individual sports have benefited from recent improvements in material technology. It also analyses the way in which improvements in our understanding of biomechanics and the engineering aspects of sports equipment performance have influenced materials and design. Sports whose equipment is considered in detail include: golf, tennis, cycling, mountaineering, skiing, cricket and paralympic sports. The overall aim of the book is to make the reader aware of the interaction between the type of material, its selection, processing and surface treatment, and show how this process underpins the performance of the final sporting product.It is essential reading for all materials scientists and researchers working in this rapidly developing field. A major handbook on materials in sports Practical guide to material selection and processing for equipment used in many popular sports Shows how material characteristics affect design and performance

Download or read book Accidental Injury written by Narayan Yoganandan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a state-of-the-art look at the applied biomechanics of accidental injury and prevention. The editors, Drs. Narayan Yoganandan, Alan M. Nahum and John W. Melvin are recognized international leaders and researchers in injury biomechanics, prevention and trauma medicine. They have assembled renowned researchers as authors for 29 chapters to cover individual aspects of human injury assessment and prevention. This third edition is thoroughly revised and expanded with new chapters in different fields. Topics covered address automotive, aviation, military and other environments. Field data collection; injury coding/scaling; injury epidemiology; mechanisms of injury; human tolerance to injury; simulations using experimental, complex computational models (finite element modeling) and statistical processes; anthropomorphic test device design, development and validation for crashworthiness applications in topics cited above; and current regulations are covered. Risk functions and injury criteria for various body regions are included. Adult and pediatric populations are addressed. The exhaustive list of references in many areas along with the latest developments is valuable to all those involved or intend to pursue this important topic on human injury biomechanics and prevention. The expanded edition will interest a variety of scholars and professionals including physicians, biomedical researchers in many disciplines, basic scientists, attorneys and jurists involved in accidental injury cases and governmental bodies. It is hoped that this book will foster multidisciplinary collaborations by medical and engineering researchers and academicians and practicing physicians for injury assessment and prevention and stimulate more applied research, education and training in the field of accidental-injury causation and prevention.

Download or read book Science and Football V written by Thomas Reilly and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-05-27 with total page 963 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and Football V presents the edited papers from the Fifth World Congress on Science and Football that took place in Portugal in April 2003. The collection represents the latest scientific research into the variety of sports known as football such as association football; rugby codes (Union and League); national codes (American, Australian and Gaelic). A recurring theme for this series of conferences has been a commitment to bridge the gaps between theory and practice in the service of the promotion of high quality applied football science. The book is clearly structured into nine parts and focuses on the following key issues: introductory keynote address biomechanics and mechanics fitness test profiling of footballers performance and match analysis football medicine football training paediatric exercise science physiology and nutrition behavioural and social sciences. This collection provides valuable information for coaches, players, trainers, managers, medical and support staff, and scientific workers concerned with the range of football codes.

Download or read book Neurosensory Alterations from Blast Exposure and Blunt Impact written by Sujith V. Sajja and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Muscle Injuries in Sport Athletes written by Bernard Roger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book attempts to provide a comprehensive look at all of the pathologies of muscles that are likely to be encountered in treating sports-related injuries. Its purpose is to give the practitioner a guide for identifying injuries and choosing the best therapeutic strategy. The first part presents the consensus view of current knowledge: the physiology of lesions and their prognosis as well as their anatomy, clinical imaging, and treatment. Then each of the muscles is described in turn, with a review of anatomy, clinical examination, the results of imaging, and therapeutic choices for acute and chronic injuries. A major section is dedicated to imaging, with the emphasis on which diagnostic methods are best for specific injuries and how to use diagnostic imaging to determine the most suitable therapeutic strategies. Special care has been taken to provide high-quality illustrations that clearly show how to identify the lesion of the damaged muscle. A wealth of illustrations, many in color, are included. Finally, the book concludes with some clinical cases and technical notes relevant to treatment of sports-related muscle injuries.