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Book Load Distribution and Rating Assessment of Variable Depth Continuous Slab Bridges

Download or read book Load Distribution and Rating Assessment of Variable Depth Continuous Slab Bridges written by Ahmadudin Burhani and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many in-service reinforced concrete slab bridges in the United States have thicknesses that change along the span, leading to variation in flexural rigidity. Despite being commonly used, determining their live load carrying capacity has remained routinely uncertain. The variabilities are often ignored, and typical programs, such as AASHTOWare Bridge Rating (BrR), are used to assess such bridges’ structural capacity. In turn, this resulted in the entire analysis being subjected to erroneous results. Moreover, many of these structures are susceptible to weight restrictions due to shortened termination of reinforcements used in the negative moment regions. It is not always clear to which degree the reinforcement length affects such bridges’ structural capacity. It is also uncertain whether other parameters, such as bridge geometry, play role in improving the structural capacity. The objective of this study was to use experimental results and three-dimensional finite element simulations to assess the structural capacity of LOG-47-1184, a concrete highway bridge in Ohio that has four lanes and three consecutive spans of varying thickness and is subject to load restrictions. The study further provides an appropriate development length that satisfies different levels of section variability. The effect of the bridge’s geometry on the reinforcement was investigated. The experimental response of the bridge was determined, and results were used to calculate sets of load rating factors (LRFs) and to validate a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM). A detailed rating analysis found LRFs using the FEM were greater than those from Midas Civil, which in turn were greater than those from the legacy BrR program used by the Ohio Department of Transportation. The ratios of the BrR LRFs to the other procedure were generally constant across multiple test truck load configurations, with less than 4% variation for BrR/Midas Civil and about 25% for BrR/FEM. The LRFs from the FEM satisfied the operating checks and all LRFs exceeded one; therefore, no load restriction posting was required for the bridge. As a result, this study suggests that similar bridges that are susceptible to load restrictions based on the BrR outputs might have adequate structural capacity. Subsequently, it was found that the haunching increased force effects over intermediate supports, which in turn required longer development length. A total reasonable length was determined to be 4L/7, which can be extended on either side of intermediate supports. The FEM simulations underestimated AASHTO LRFD requirements by an average of 40%. Under HL-93 load configurations and using the LRFR approach, all LRFs exceeded one and satisfied the operating rating checks. The LRFs improved by 30% when the skew angle exceeded 15o as compared with 0o and reached 61% with the skew angle of 30o.

Book Finite Element Design of Concrete Structures

Download or read book Finite Element Design of Concrete Structures written by Guenter Axel Rombach and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2004 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Finite Element Design of Concrete Structures: practical problems and their solutions the author addresses this blind belief in computer results by offering a useful critique that important details are overlooked due to the flood of information from the output of computer calculations. Indeed, errors in the numerical model may lead in extreme cases to structural failures as the collapse of the so-called Sleipner platform has demonstrated.

Book Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Solid Slab Bridges

Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Solid Slab Bridges written by Rami Ibrahim Jabakhanji and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an investigation of the behavior of simply supported, multi-lane, reinforced concrete solid slab bridges using the finite element method. Solid slab bridges have a behavior pattern that falls between one-way slab behavior and two-way slab behavior. Geometric parameters such as: span length, thickness of slab, number of lanes, presence of shoulders, and the location of trucks, affect the behavioral pattern of solid slab bridges. Therefore, this study will investigate the effect of these factors by analyzing one-lane, two-lane, three-lane, and four-lane bridges, with or without shoulders, each having four different span lengths. Bridges were fully loaded (one AASHTO HS20 truck in each lane). Loads were either centered in every lane, or located towards one edge of the slab. In addition, all the slab bridges with shoulders were over-loaded by assuming a disabled truck on one edge of the bridge in combination with the other design trucks stationed side by side; this combination produces the worst loading conditions on the bridge. Design trucks were positioned in the longitudinal direction in order to produce the maximum positive bending moment.--The finite element method is proposed to analyze the solid slab bridges by using the structural analysis program SAP90. The research focussed on evaluating the maximum lateral bending moment distribution over the critical cross-section of the bridges. The results of this study were used to assess the design approach currently employed by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) " Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (1996)."

Book Finite Element Analysis of Simple and Continuous Multilane Bridges

Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Simple and Continuous Multilane Bridges written by Abbas Maarouf Kesserwan and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the design of highway bridges, structural engineers are faced with the determination of realistic lateral load distribution on steel girders. AASHTO Bridge Specifications contains a simple procedure used in the analysis and design of steel girder bridges. This procedure consists of calculating the maximum bending moment in an isolated individual girder under the application of a wheel line load (from a design truck load), and then multiplying the corresponding moment by an empirically derived distribution factor. In a previous study conducted by Mabsoul et al. (1996). a typical one-span two-lane composite steel girder bridge was analyzed using the finite clement method. Four finite element meshes were tested, of which two were selected for further analyses. A parametric study was performed for a wide variety of span lengths and girder spacings. which were thought to primarily affect the wheel load distribution (Tarhini et al. 1992). This study, which served to assess current design procedures (AASHTO 1992 and 1994). was limited to single-span two-lane bridges only. In the proposed research, the finite element analysis is extended to simple and continuous multi-lane steel girder bridges. The analysis will consider simple (one-span) and two-span bridges with two. three, and four lanes. This study will focus on the determination of the lateral wheel load distribution factor on the girders. Typical steel girder bridges will be discretized and analyzed by the finite element method for a variety of span lengths and girder spacings. Bridges will be loaded by AASHTO design trucks. The position of the truck will be varied along both the longitudinal and lateral directions to produce maximum positive and negative moments in the girders. The finite clement structural program SAP90 (1992) will be used. The proposed research will present a comprehensive study of straight steel girder bridges. It will therefore assist structural engineers in the analysis of simple and continuous multi-lane bridges. The finite element analysis will present an accurate approach for the evaluation of the load-earn ing capacity of existing or new bridges, and will serve to assess approximate methods currently used in bridge design practice.

Book Finite Strip Analysis of Bridges

Download or read book Finite Strip Analysis of Bridges written by M.S. Cheung and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-09-05 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-depth, comprehensive and up-to-date information on the powerful finite strip method of analysis of bridges. It is in three parts. The first introduces the method and gives the necessary background. The second explains the evolution of the method and the third part provides detailed information on the application of the method to highway bridges.

Book Finite Element Analysis of Multi channel beam Bridges

Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Multi channel beam Bridges written by XiaoPeng Qin and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, deterioration in a large number of precast concrete deck bridges (PCDBs) has become a concern. To study the possible reductions in their load carrying capacities, a number of laboratory and field tests were conducted by Iowa State University. Theoretical analysis, the topic of this paper, was performed to verify the testing results. The PCDBs tested are composed of reinforced concrete channel beams, named multi-channel-beam bridges. A literature review was performed to investigate various analytical methods used to analyze multibeam bridges. The finite element method was used for this analytical task. ANSYS, a general finite element software program, was used to analyze the bridges and bridge components that were experimentally tested. Individual channel beams were modeled and compared to laboratory testing results and to ACI code calculations. Several different models were developed and two in particular were appropriate. One model accurately simulates multibeam bridges with bolt connections only. Another model is appropriate to model multibeam bridges with bolt and pipe connections. A sensitivity study was performed to verify models. The same models noted above were used to analyze the field bridges with bolt connections and with bolt and pipe connections, respectively, Analytical results were compared to field load tests. Load distribution factors of the bridges were determined and compared to the AASHTO LRFD specifications.

Book Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel Concrete Composite Bridges

Download or read book Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel Concrete Composite Bridges written by Ehab Ellobody and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, bridge engineers and researchers are increasingly turning to the finite element method for the design of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges. However, the complexity of the method has made the transition slow. Based on twenty years of experience, Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges provides structural engineers and researchers with detailed modeling techniques for creating robust design models. The book’s seven chapters begin with an overview of the various forms of modern steel and steel–concrete composite bridges as well as current design codes. This is followed by self-contained chapters concerning: nonlinear material behavior of the bridge components, applied loads and stability of steel and steel–concrete composite bridges, and design of steel and steel–concrete composite bridge components. Constitutive models for construction materials including material non-linearity and geometric non-linearity The mechanical approach including problem setup, strain energy, external energy and potential energy), mathematics behind the method Commonly available finite elements codes for the design of steel bridges Explains how the design information from Finite Element Analysis is incorporated into Building information models to obtain quantity information, cost analysis

Book Live load Testing and Finite element Modeling of a Fracture Critical Bridge

Download or read book Live load Testing and Finite element Modeling of a Fracture Critical Bridge written by Jake L. Morrill and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Utah Transportation Center, in conjunction with CAIT at Rutgers, sponsored a study that investigated the distribution factors and load ratings of a continuous, steel I-girder bridge. The SH-52 Bridge over the Snake River is located on the Idaho-Oregon border near Payette, Idaho. The bridge was built in the 1950's and presently supports two lanes of traffic. A finite-element model of the bridge was calibrated with the results from a live-load test. For the live-load test, the bridge was instrumented at nine longitudinal cross section locations with 62 strain gauges attached on the girders, stringers, and intermediate diaphragms. The live-load was applied with two heavy trucks that were driven along three predetermined load paths. The calibrated finite-element model was used to quantify moment distribution factors and load ratings for the bridge. The finite-element distribution factors were compared to those calculated according to the AASHTO Standard and AASHTO LRFD Specifications. The distribution factors from both AASHTO codes were found to be unconservative for the girders and overly conservative for the stringers. The model was also used to quantify the effect of the transverse diaphragm members on the live-load distribution. Distribution factors were calculated with and without the diaphragm members. The diaphragms were found to increase the distribution of moments by over 20% for both positive and negative moments.

Book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences

Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thougtit that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna tional publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 31 (thesis year 1986) a total of 11 ,480 theses titles trom 24 Canadian and 182 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base tor these titles reported will greatly enhance the value ot this important annual reterence work. While Volume 31 reports theses submitted in 1986, on occasion, certain univer sities do re port theses submitted in previousyears but not reported at the time.

Book Mechanics of Structures and Materials

Download or read book Mechanics of Structures and Materials written by M.A. Bradford and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural mechanics in Australasia is the focus of the some 100 papers, but among them are also contributions from North America, Japan, Britain, Asia, and southeast Asia.

Book Effects of Diaphragms in Continuous Slab and Girder Highway Bridges

Download or read book Effects of Diaphragms in Continuous Slab and Girder Highway Bridges written by Albert Yao Chee Wong and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Bridge Superstructure

Download or read book Bridge Superstructure written by N. Rajagopalan and published by Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge Superstructure deals with the behaviour of different types of bridge decks under different systems of loading. Mathematical modeling and the behaviour of different types of bridge decks are clearly explained. Solid slab, voided slab and skew slab bridge decks are detailed out for analysis and design. Box girder bridges is specially discussed for better understanding of its behaviour and its design. Special points relating to creep and shrinkage effects in continuous bridge decks are explained. Bridge bearings, expansion joints and appurtenances of different types are explained with respect to their place of use and their functions. A few methods of erection of bridge decks of simply supported spans or continuous spans are presented to give a good understanding of such possibilities.