Download or read book Financing India s Urban Infrastructure Needs written by Sohaib Athar and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: India is rapidly urbanizing, with about 600 million people expected to be living in cities by 2036. This will put additional pressure on the already stretched urban infrastructure and services in these cities. This report estimates that India will need $840 billion in investment into urban infrastructure over the next 15 years - or $55 billion per year on average--if it is to effectively meet the needs of this fast-growing population. Despite a recent increase in public sector financing, there is still a large shortfall of resources relative to these needs. Financing from private and commercial sources, such as through municipal debt and public-private partnerships, can play a substantial role in addressing this shortfall. However, the use of such financing is very limited at present even in financially strong cities. This report analyses the demand- and supply-side constraints to raising private financing for urban infrastructure and provides policy actions to address them. It first presents latest estimates of future infrastructure investment needs for Indian cities and reviews recent trends in municipal finance and private commercial financing to meet these needs, focusing on municipal debt (such as loans and municipal bonds) and public-private partnerships. It then assesses the key constraints that undermine the mobilization of private finance for urban infrastructure. Finally, it provides proposals for policy action on how these constraints can be addressed at the demand and supply sides and shows how the Government of India can play an important role in removing various market frictions faced by cities. It proposes sequenced measures that can be taken at the city, state, and federal levels to create an environment in which private commercial finance becomes a much bigger part of the solution to India's urban investment challenge.
Download or read book Financing Cities in India written by Prasanna K. Mohanty and published by Sage Publications Pvt. Limited. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifies the potential of cities as major drivers of economic growth and productive employment if municipal finances are managed better
Download or read book Financing Cities written by George E Peterson and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2007-04-04 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the need to boost infrastructure investment in cities as also the necessity for fiscal management across all levels of government-within the context of decentralizing service delivery responsibilities. The volume provides case studies reflecting various viewpoints and a range of success and failure stories from five countries. The topics covered include: - Impact of political and fiscal decentralization - Limitations on borrowing - Managing moral hazard - The role of the financial sector in striking a balance between controls and encouraging the local government to maintain fiscal discipline
Download or read book Financing Indian Cities written by Patricia Clarke Annez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines international experience with mobilizing funding for both capital and recurrent costs for municipal infrastructure with a view to identifying areas where India could improve its system of financing infrastructure in cities. Based on international data, the analysis shows that there is indeed a wide range of models for funding municipal infrastructure across a group even as relatively homogeneous as the European Union. Although a number of different models operate in countries with very good services, important features of India?s municipal finance system stand out. The spending per capita is exceptionally low, even when compared with local governments with few functions. The real estate sector generates meager tax revenues, but transfers from higher levels of government are also meager. Turning to cost recovery models for services, the paper examines international evidence on cost recovery. In practice, a surprisingly large number of countries, including high-income countries, subsidize basic municipal services, particularly in water supply and sanitation. Analysis shows that these subsidies often have perverse distributional effects. Likewise, pricing schemes designed to skew subsidies to low-income households often have unintended distributional effects. Again, evidence from urban India suggests that cost recovery is exceptionally low, not only in absolute terms but relative to the experience of other low and middle-income countries. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the measures that should be considered for improving finances in Indian cities, including land monetization and capital grants systems designed specifically for reaching secondary cities and towns.
Download or read book Financing Urban Development in India written by K. S. R. N. Sarma and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at a seminar organized by the Centre for Urban Studies, Indian Institute of Public Administration, 1985.
Download or read book Municipal Bonds As a Source of Finance for Urban Infrastructure Development in India written by Ramakrishna Nallathiga and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Municipal bonds are an option available to the large cities to raise resources for financing long term projects such as infrastructure development. Countries like the USA have had a long experience of using municipal bonds to finance the development of cities and their infrastructure. Indian cities also have taken the route of raising financial resources through bond markets in the past (until 2004), especially few large cities have taken active interest in it. This article discusses first the salient features of municipal bonds in terms of their characteristics, advantages and risks in the present scenario. The experience of municipal bonds in India during the period of 1997-2007 under the NDA regime is analysed subsequently so as to understand their success and limitations. With the NDA government coming back into power in 2014, it is hoped there will be scope for re-introduction of them. The current NDA government has already declared Municipal bonds as a feasible tool for financing urban infrastructure projects, especially in the development of 'Smart Cities', thereby bringing back favourable prospects for them. The article concludes that municipal bonds may play a role in smart city development provided that some changes are made in the operation of finances of ULBs and enable them to move towards raising resources.
Download or read book Unlocking Land Values to Finance Urban Infrastructure written by George E. Peterson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land-based financing of urban infrastructure is growing in importance in the developing world. Why is it so difficult to finance urban infrastructure investment, when land values typically increase by more than the cost of investment? Unlocking Land Values to Finance Urban Infrastructure examines the theory underlying different instruments of land-based finance, such as betterment levies, developer exactions, impact fees, and the exchange of publicly owned land assets for infrastructure. It provides a wealth of case-study illustrations of how different land-based financing tools have been implemented, and the lessons learned from these experiences. This practical guide is designed to help expand the role of land-based financing in urban capital budgets in a way that strengthens urban infrastructure finance and urban land markets.
Download or read book Financing Indian cities written by Annez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book State of Urban Services in India s Cities written by Kala Seetharam Sridhar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book State of Urban Services in India s Cities written by Kala Seetharam Sridhar and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-25 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing population and expanding demand for urban infrastructure services, the capacities of local governments in many developing countries are overburdened. Adequate infrastructure is not only necessary for increasing productivity but also improving the quality of living. Given the primacy of public service delivery for cities to become engines of growth, this book answers two critical questions: Does low spending explain the state of poor public service delivery? How can urban local bodies have access to greater resources so as to enable them to improve public service delivery? Using case studies of four citie—Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Jaipur, and Bangalore—the book examines urban services such as water supply, sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management, municipal roads, and street lighting. It compares the state of these services with international norms and suggests new ways in which they can be financed and improved. More specifically, the book examines the role of land as a revenue-generating source in India's cities.
Download or read book Financing Cities written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting experiences from India, China, Brazil, South Africa and Poland, 'Financing Cities' examines the need to boost infrastructure investment in cities as well as the need for prudent fiscal management across all levels of government. This is discussed within the context of the decentralization of service delivery responsibilities
Download or read book Urban Infrastructure Finance from Private Operators written by Patricia Clarke Annez and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author examines the role of private participation in infrastructure (PPI) in mobilizing finance for key urban services, that is, urban roads, municipal solid waste management, and water and sanitation since the early 1990s when private participation came to be seen as a key element in infrastructure development. Her review indicates that for financing urban services, PPI has disappointed-playing a far less significant role than was hoped for, and which might be expected given the attention it has received and continues to receive in strategies to mobilize financing for infrastructure. Looking beyond the number, the author examines transactions and finds that there are good reasons-practical, political, economic and institutional-for these disappointments. Recommending that cities in developing countries try harder is not likely to relieve all these constraints. Experience shows that there are a number of features that raise the risk profile of urban infrastructure for private investors, which has meant that the bulk of the transactions that have taken place have been exceptions rather than harbingers of a growing trend. Many of the measures that could reduce the risk profile are outside the control of many cities, others unlikely to change, and yet another group of steps to be taken that would improve prospects for urban service provision, whether in the hands of public or private operators. These findings suggest a more pragmatic and selective approach to the focus on PPI as a source of finance, and more focus on the array of some of the fundamental steps, among them strengthening the public finances of cities to improve both the capacity to deliver services and to reduce the risks that private investors must take when they invest in urban infrastructure.
Download or read book Financing and Pricing of Urban Infrastructure written by Kulwant Singh and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributed articles.
Download or read book Municipal Infrastructure Financing written by Munawwar Alam and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 2010 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an overview of the municipal finances and the extent of private sector involvement in the delivery of municipal services in selected Commonwealth developing countries. This title examines four cities: Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, Kampala in Uganda, Dhaka in Bangladesh, and Karachi in Pakistan.
Download or read book Business Environment Clustering and Industry Location written by Somik V. Lall and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: How do differences in the local business environment influence location of industry within countries? How do the benefits of a good business environment compare with those from good market access and agglomeration economies from industry clustering? The authors examine these questions by analyzing location decisions of individual firms. Using data from a recently completed survey of manufacturing firms in India, they find that both the local business environment and agglomeration economies significantly influence business location choices across cities. In particular, excessive regulation of labor and of other industrial activities reduces the probability of a business locating in a city. The authors ' findings imply that in order to attract industrial activity, smaller or remoter cities need to offer even more attractive policy concessions or reforms to offset the effects of their relatively adverse (economic) geography. Their methodology pays special attention to the identification of agglomeration economies in the presence of unobserved sources of natural advantage.
Download or read book Contesting the Indian City Global Visions and the Politics of the Local written by Gavin Shatkin and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2014 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Contesting the Indian City" features a collection of cutting-edge empirical studies that offer insights into issues of politics, equity, and space relating to urban development in modern India.Features studies that serve to deepen our theoretical understandings of the changes that Indian cities are experiencingExamines how urban redevelopment policy and planning, and reforms of urban politics and real estate markets, are shaping urban spatial change in IndiaThe first volume to bring themes of urban political reform, municipal finance, land markets, and real estate industry together in an international publication
Download or read book Cities and Public Policy written by Prasanna K. Mohanty and published by Sage Publications Pvt. Limited. This book was released on 2014-05-15 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twenty-first century will witness a rapid urban expansion in the developing world. India, it is believed, will be at the forefront of such a phenomenon. This book acknowledges the role of agglomeration externalities as the cornerstone of urban public policy in India. Arguing that hypotheses of over-urbanization and urban bias theory--which articulated a negative view of urbanization--are based on fragile theoretical as well as empirical foundations, this book calls for proactive public policy to harness planned urbanization as resource. India requires agglomeration-augmenting, congestion-mitigating, and resource-generating cities as engines of economic growth, including rural development. The book provides a large number of practical examples from India and abroad to enable policy-makers undertake reforms in urban and regional planning, financing, and governance to meet the challenges of urbanization in India. It combines theory and practice to draw lessons for an urban agenda for India and recognizes the central role of cities in catalysing growth and generating public finance for economic development.
