Download or read book Financial Incentives to Increase Utilization of Reproductive Maternal and Child Health Services in Low and Middle Income Countries written by Sven Neelsen and published by . This book was released on with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial incentives for health providers and households are increasingly used to improve reproductive, maternal, and child health service coverage in low- and middle-income countries. This study provides a quantitative synthesis of their effectiveness. A systematic review was conducted of the effects of performance-based financing, voucher, and conditional cash transfer programs on six reproductive, maternal, and child health service indicators, with eligible evidence coming from randomized controlled trials and studies using double-difference, instrumental variables, and regression discontinuity designs. Four literature searches were conducted between September 2016 and March 2021 using seven academic databases, Google Scholar, development agency and think tank websites, and previous systematic reviews. Random effects meta-analysis was used to obtain mean effect sizes. From 58 eligible references 212 impact estimates were extracted, which were synthesized into 130 program-specific effect sizes. Financial incentives increase coverage of all considered reproductive, maternal, and child health indicators, but mean effects sizes are of modest magnitude. Effect size heterogeneity is typically low to moderate, and there is no indication that study bias risk, baseline indicator levels, or a combination of provider- and household-level incentives impact effect sizes. There is, however, weak evidence that mean effect sizes are somewhat smaller for performance-based financing than for voucher and conditional cash transfer programs, and that the increase in income, rather than the incentive itself, drives coverage improvements. Financial incentives improve reproductive, maternal, and child health service coverage. If future research confirms the preliminary finding that performance-based financing has smaller effects, voucher and conditional cash transfer programs are the preferred policy option among incentive interventions to achieve higher reproductive, maternal, and child health service coverage. The relative effectiveness and efficiency of incentives compared with unconditional increases of provider and household incomes, however, need to be studied further.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

Download or read book Who s Got the Power written by Lynn P. Freedman and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2005 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Download or read book Performance Based Financing to Increase Utilization of Maternal Health Services written by Maria Steenland and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance-based financing (PBF) programs are increasingly implemented in low and middle-income countries to improve health service quality and utilization. In April 2011, a PBF pilot program was launched in Boulsa, Leo and Titao districts in Burkina Faso with the objective of increasing the provision and quality of maternal health services. We evaluate the impact of this program using facility-level administrative data from the national health management information system (HMIS). Primary outcomes were the number of antenatal care visits, the proportion of antenatal care visits that occurred during the first trimester of pregnancy, the number of institutional deliveries and the number of postnatal care visits. To assess program impact we use a difference-in-differences approach, comparing changes in health service provision post-introduction with changes in matched comparison areas. All models were estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models with standard errors clustered at the facility level. On average, PBF facilities had 2.3 more antenatal care visits (95% CI [0.446-4.225]), 2.1 more deliveries (95% CI [0.034-4.069]) and 9.5 more postnatal care visits (95% CI [6.099, 12.903]) each month after the introduction of PBF. Compared to the service provision levels prior to the interventions, this implies a relative increase of 27.7 percent for ANC, of 9.2 percent for deliveries, and of 118.7 percent for postnatal care. Given the positive results observed during the pre-pilot period and the limited resources available in the health sector, the PBF program in Burkina Faso may be a low-cost, high impact intervention to improve maternal and child health.

Download or read book Reproductive Health written by Arlette Campbell White and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "While women in developing countries continue to die in large numbers in child birth, Population and Reproductive Health specialists and advocates around the world are struggling to keep the policy agenda focused on the rights and needs of poor women. The 1994 Cairo Conference and Program of Action changed how we do business, and opened many doors, but the agenda is not complete and has stalled in a number of ways. At the country level, governments and donors are making difficult choices about how and where to allocate scarce human and financial resources. Funding approaches have moved away from the implementation of narrowly directed health programs to a broader approach of health system development and reform. At the same time, countries are also centering their development agenda on the broad goal of poverty reduction. This volume addresses a large knowledge and capacity gap in the Reproductive Health community and provides tools for key actors to empower faster positive change. It is a synopsis of the materials developed for WBI's learning program on Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: Poverty Reduction, Reproductive Health and Health Sector Reform. The volume brings together knowledge about epidemiology, demography, economics, and trends in global financial assistance. The volume also introduces practical tools such as benefit incidence analysis, costing, and stakeholder analysis to strengthen the evidence base for policy and to address the political economy factors for reform."

Download or read book Improving Maternal and Reproductive Health in South Asia written by Sameh El-Saharty and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-11-29 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Asia Region (SAR) has decreased maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by 65 percent between 1990 and 2013, which was the greatest progress among all world regions. Such achievement implores the question, What made SAR stand out against what is predicted by standard socioeconomic outcomes? Improving Maternal and Reproductive Health in South Asia: Drivers and Enablers identifies the interventions and factors that contributed to reducing MMR and improving maternal and reproductive health (MRH) outcomes in SAR. In this study, the analytical framework assumes that improving MRH outcomes is influenced by a multitude of forces from within and outside the health system and considers factors at the household and community levels, as well as interventions in other sectors and factors in the enabling environment. The analysis is based on a structured literature review of the interventions in SAR countries, relevant international experience, and review of the best available evidence from systematic reviews. The focus of the analysis is mainly on assessing the effectiveness of interventions. The findings from this study indicate that the most effective interventions that prevent maternal mortality are those that address the intra-partum stage - the point where most maternal deaths occur - and include improving skilled birth attendance coverage, increasing institutional delivery rates, and scaling up access to emergency obstetric care. There is also adequate evidence that investing in family planning to increase contraceptive use also played a key role during the inter-partum phase by preventing unwanted pregnancies and thus averting the risk of maternal mortality in SAR countries. Outside the programmatic interventions, the levels of household income, women’s education, and completion of secondary education of girls were also strongly correlated with improved MRH outcomes. Also, there is strong evidence that health financing schemes - both demand and supply side - and conditional cash transfer programs were effective in increasing the uptake of MRH services. The study points out to many other interventions with different degrees of effectiveness. The study also identified four major reasons for why SAR achieved this progress in MMR reduction. The best practices and evidence of what works synthesized in this study provide an important way forward for low- and middle-income countries toward achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals.

Download or read book Improving Effective Coverage in Health written by Damien de Walque and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-05-18 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many low- and middle-income countries, health coverage has improved dramatically in the past two decades, but health outcomes have not. As such, effective coverage—a measure of service delivery that meets a minimum standard of quality—remains unacceptably low. Improving Effective Coverage in Health examines one specific policy approach to improving effective coverage: financial incentives in the form of performance-based financing (PBF), a package reform that typically includes performance pay to frontline health workers as well as facility autonomy, transparency, and community engagement. This Policy Research Report draws on a rich set of rigorous studies and new analysis. When compared with business-as-usual, in low-income settings with centralized health systems PBF can result in substantial gains in effective coverage. However, the relative benefits of PBF—the performance pay component in particular—are less clear when it is compared with two alternative approaches, direct facility financing, which provides operating budgets to frontline health services with facility autonomy on allocation, but not performance pay, and demand-side financial support for health services (that is, conditional cash transfers and vouchers). Although PBF often results in improvements on the margins, closing the substantial gaps in effective health coverage is not yet within reach for many countries. Nonetheless, important lessons and experiences from the rollout of PBF over the past decade can guide health financing into the future. In particular, to be successful, health financing reform may need to pivot from performance pay while retaining the elements of direct facility financing, autonomy, transparency, and community engagement.

Download or read book Supporting Safe Motherhood written by L. M. Howard and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost 500,000 women a year from developing countries die from pregnancy- related causes. In 1987, an international conference in Nairobi, Kenya launched a global Safe Motherhood Initiative with World Bank co-sponsorship. By 1989, how were the donors responding to the Initiative?

Download or read book Reproductive Maternal Newborn and Child Health written by Robert E. Black and published by Disease Control Priorities. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health : an overview / Robert Black, Marleen Temmerman, and Neff Walker -- The burden of reproductive ill health / Alex Ezeh, Abdhalah K. Ziraba, John Cleland, Akinrinota Bankole, anmd Claudia Garcia Moreno Esteva -- Levels and causes of maternal mortality and morbidity / Veronique Filippi, Doris Chou, Carine Ronsmans, Wendy Graham, and Lale Say -- Levels and causes of mortality under age five years / Li Liu, Kenneth Hill, Shefali Oza, Dan Hogan, Simon Cousens, Colin Mathers, Cynthia Stanton, Joy Lawn, Robert E. Black -- Levels and trends in low height-for-age / Gretchen Stevens, Mariel Finucane, and Christopher Paciorek -- Interventions to improve reproductive health / John Stover, Karen Hardee, Bella Ganatra, Claudia García Moreno, and Susan E. Horton -- Interventions to reduce maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality / A. Metin Gülmezoglu, Theresa A. Lawrie, Natasha Hezelgrave, Olufemi T. Oladapo, João Paulo Souza, Marijke Gielen, Joy E. Lawn, Rajiv Bahl, Fernando Althabe, Daniela Colaci, and G. Justus Hofmey -- Diagnosis and treatment of the febrile child / Julie M. Herlihy, Valérie DʼAcremont, Deborah C. Hay Burgess, and Davidson H. Hamer -- Diarrheal diseases / Gerald T. Keusch, Christa Fischer-Walker, Jai K. Das, Susan Horton, and Demissie Habte -- Vaccines for children in low- and middle-income countries / Daniel R. Feikin, Brendan Flannery, Mary J. Hamel, Meghan Stack, Peter Hansen -- Management of severe and moderate acute malnutrition in children / Lindsey Lenters, Kerri Wazny, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta -- Infant and young child growth / Jai K. Das, Rehana A. Salam, Aamer Imdad, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta -- Very early childhood development / Frances E. Aboud and Aisha K. Yousafzai -- Community based care to improve maternal, newborn and child health / Zohra S. Lassi, Rohail Kumar, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta -- Innovations to expand access and improve quality of health services / Lori A. Bollinger and Margaret E. Kruk -- Returns on investment in the continuum of care for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health / Karin Stenberg, Kim Sweeny, Henrik Axelson, and Peter Sheehan -- Cost-effectiveness of interventions for reproductive, maternal, neonatal, and child health / Susan Horton and Carol Levin -- The benefits of a universal home-based neonatal care package in rural india : an extended cost-effectiveness analysis / Ashvin Ashok, Arindam Nandi, and Ramanan Laxminarayan -- Health gains and financial risk protection afforded by treatment and prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia in ethiopia : an extended cost-effectiveness analysis / Sté́phane Verguet, Clint Pecenka, Kjell Arne Johansson, Solomon Tessea Memirie, Ingrid K. Friberg, Julia R. Driessen, and Dean T. Jamison

Download or read book Reproductive Health in Developing Countries written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-07-02 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexually transmitted diseases, unintended pregnancies, infertility, and other reproductive problems are a growing concern around the world, especially in developing countries. Reproductive Health in Developing Countries describes the magnitude of these problems and what is known about the effectiveness of interventions in the following areas: Infection-free sex. Immediate priorities for combating sexually transmitted and reproductive tract diseases are identified. Intended pregnancies and births. The panel reports on the state of family planning and ways to provide services. Healthy pregnancy and delivery. The book explores the myths and substantive socio-economic problems that underlie maternal deaths. Healthy sexuality. Such issues as sexual violence and the practice of female genital mutilation are discussed in terms of the cultural contexts in which they occur. Addressing the design and delivery of reproductive health services, this volume presents lessons learned from past programs and offers principles for deciding how to spend limited available funds. Reproductive Health in Developing Countries will be of special interest to policymakers, health care professionals, and researchers working on reproductive issues in the developing world.

Download or read book The Global Family Planning Revolution written by Warren C. Robinson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The striking upsurge in population growth rates in developing countries at the close of World War II gained force during the next decade. From the 1950s to the 1970s, scholars and advocacy groups publicized the trend and drew troubling conclusions about its economic and ecological implications. Private educational and philanthropic organizations, government, and international organizations joined in the struggle to reduce fertility. Three decades later this movement has seen changes beyond anyone's most optimistic dreams, and global demographic stabilization is expected in this century. The Global Family Planning Revolution preserves the remarkable record of this success. Its editors and authors offer more than a historical record. They disccuss important lessons for current and future initiatives of the international community. Some programs succeeded while others initially failed, and the analyses provide valuable guidance for emerging health-related policy objectives and responses to global challenges.

Download or read book The Millennium Development Goals for Health written by Adam Wagstaff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Provides information on progress and trends, including poornonpoor disparities; health systems reform as a means of laying building blocks for the efficient and equitable delivery of effective interventions; the financing of health spending through domestic resources and aid; and improving the effectiveness of development assistance in health. Linking the health Millennium Development Goals? agenda with the broader poverty-reduction agenda, this book is a valuable resource for policymakers in developing countries and development practitioners working in the health, nutrition, and population sector as well as students and scholars of public health.

Download or read book Promoting Reproductive Security in Developing Countries written by Maurice I. Middleberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-29 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promoting Reproductive Security in Developing Countries provides a comprehensive approach to developing and implementing reproductive health programs in the developing world. It fills a major gap in the literature by responding to the global need for a detailed guide to comprehensive reproductive health services. Promoting Reproductive Security in Developing Countries furnishes an innovative conceptual model - reproductive security - and offers an in-depth analysis of major reproductive health issues. The need for skilled, dedicated professionals is great. Those who choose to pursue the discipline are promised an endlessly rewarding and absorbing profession that will touch upon the most intimate aspects of life while reverberating globally. This book will be of great interest to public health professionals on both a local and global level, international policy makers, and relief workers.

Download or read book The Design of Incentives for Health Care Providers in Developing Countries written by Jeffrey S. Hammer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whatever the theoretical attractiveness of certain policy options, the fact that public employees are people who make independent decisions about their careers and lifestyles can set bounds on how well government agencies can deliver promised services, such as universal health care, including in rural areas. Hammer and Jack examine the design and limitations of incentives for health care providers to serve in rural areas in developing countries. Governments face two problems: it is costly to compensate well-trained urban physicians enough to relocate to rural areas, and it is difficult to ensure quality care when monitoring performance is costly or impossible.

Download or read book Demand Side Financing for Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Low and Middle Income Countries written by Sophie Witter and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book State of Inequality written by Weltgesundheitsorganisation and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Achieving equity in health requires a commitment to monitoring health inequalities which, in turn, necessitates strong, equity-oriented health information systems. High-quality data and robust monitoring systems ensure that efforts can be targeted appropriately and that progress can be tracked. Countries must strengthen health information systems to generate better data and evidence to measure progress. Integral to the health inequality monitoring process is the task of reporting data in a meaningful way. This State of inequality report exemplifies effective reporting practices, featuring the topic of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health. The report addresses the challenge of how to best communicate a large and complex body of data in a manner that is comprehensible, flexible and appealing to a wide readership. Feature stories provide an in-depth look at the state of inequality for selected indicators and highlight key observations in reproductive health interventions, maternal health interventions, care-seeking for sick children, childhood immunization, child malnutrition and child mortality. Perhaps most notable, however, is the innovative use of electronic visualization technology. Story-point dashboards, for instance, guide the reader through a succession of visuals where readers can use interactive tools to further explore, sort and filter the data. Similarly, interactive maps and tables engage readers in customizing how data are viewed. The report reveals that significant inequalities exist in low- and middle-income countries in the area of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health. The good health of women, infants and children is essential for sustainable development, and there is still much work to be done. Discussions will increasingly call into question how efforts to improve reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health can achieve early and accelerated progress among those who are falling behind"--Pages viii-ix.

Download or read book Global Health and the Future Role of the United States written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While much progress has been made on achieving the Millenium Development Goals over the last decade, the number and complexity of global health challenges has persisted. Growing forces for globalization have increased the interconnectedness of the world and our interdependency on other countries, economies, and cultures. Monumental growth in international travel and trade have brought improved access to goods and services for many, but also carry ongoing and ever-present threats of zoonotic spillover and infectious disease outbreaks that threaten all. Global Health and the Future Role of the United States identifies global health priorities in light of current and emerging world threats. This report assesses the current global health landscape and how challenges, actions, and players have evolved over the last decade across a wide range of issues, and provides recommendations on how to increase responsiveness, coordination, and efficiency â€" both within the U.S. government and across the global health field.