Download or read book Finance and Cluster Based Industrial Development in China written by Xiaobo Zhang and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2008 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cluster based industrialization in China Financing and performance written by Cheryl Long, Xiaobo Zhang and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cluster based Industrialization in China written by Cheryl Xiaoning Long and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using firm-level data from China's two recent censuses (Industry Census 1995 and Economic Census 2004) and a new measure of clustering (industry proximity), we show that China's rapid industrialization is marked by increased clustering. A higher degree of clustering is further shown to be associated with greater export growth and higher total factor productivity. We also find supporting evidence that clustering helps ease the credit constraints facing many small and medium enterprises through two mechanisms: (1) within a cluster, finer division of labor lowers the capital barriers to entry and (2) closer proximity makes the provision of trade credit among firms easier. Since both mechanisms reduce the need for external financing, a larger number of firms--and thus greater competition--emerge within clusters, which helps explain the higher levels of exports and total factor productivity. This cluster-based industrialization model fit particularly well with China's comparative advantage during its initial stage of takeoff, which was marked by scarcity of capital and an inefficient financial system. Hence our findings may be helpful to other developing countries with similar factor endowment patterns that are considering cluster-based development strategies.

Download or read book Cluster Based Industrial Development written by T. Sonobe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book attempts to provide an effective strategy for industrial development based on the KAIZEN management training experiments conducted in Ghana, Kenya, Ethiopia, Vietnam, and Tanzania. We focus on micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in industrial clusters, because clusters consisting of MSEs are ubiquitous and have high potential to grow.

Download or read book Clusters as drivers of local industrial development in Egypt Which are the promising sectors and locations written by Abdelaziz, Fatma and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clusters – the geographic concentration of specialized firms that are working in similar or related activities and are interdependent – have played an important role in the industrial development of many countries, including in Europe, the Americas, and Asia. A large part of these successes can be explained by the ability of clusters to build on existing strengths of local communities, such as social capital and abundant labor, to overcome common constraints to economic expansion, such as weak financial markets and institutions. Realizing the potential for cluster-based development and the long history of clusters in the country, the Egyptian Government has made cluster-based industrialization a key pillar of Egypt’s sustainable development strategy to 2030. The timing for a cluster-based industrial development model for Egypt seems favorable as macroeconomic reforms in recent years have made Egypt’s economy more competitive and the country’s young labor force provides a comparative advantage for labor-intensive sectors. The objectives of this paper are to take stock of existing clusters in Egypt; to identify a set of promising “organic” clusters; and to make high-level recommendations for the further expansion of agribusiness and handicrafts clusters based on an innovative analysis of economic census data, a review of previous cluster studies in Egypt, and information obtained from expert interviews and a stakeholder workshop. Our findings suggest focusing cluster development efforts on Upper Egypt, which has a comparative advantage in several sectors, especially in labor-intensive sectors. However, the current cluster density in Upper Egypt is low, particularly in rural areas. Expanding the number and density of clusters there will likely require improvements in infrastructure, institutions, and services. The most promising clusters identified through the analysis include medical and aromatic plants, sugarcane, and tomatoes in the agribusiness sector; ready-made garments and carpets in the handicrafts sector, and furniture. These are all promising organic clusters based on their high market demand, export potential, labor intensity, and historical roots. We develop several recommendations for the agribusiness and the handicrafts sectors, especially highlighting the important facilitating role that local governments should play in cluster-based development by providing necessary basic public goods and services. In-depth case studies for specific, promising clusters should follow to help local governments and entrepreneurs to fully harness the unique opportunities that clusters can provide for local industrial development and job creation in Egypt.

Download or read book Clusters and Economic Growth in Asia written by Sören Eriksson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed book explores and provides insights into the development and transformation of various clusters, economies and industrial sectors in East and Southeast Asia. The authors study a number of important issues including the role of information and communication technology in economic growth, an emerging biomedical cluster in South Korea, an industrial agglomeration of Taiwanese electronics firms in China, and different sectorial and regional growth models in China. They also investigate the increasing relevance of cluster policies and the need to understand them in the context of the institutional and structural transition of newly industrializing East Asian economies. The book moves on to study the technology intensity of FDI in Vietnam and the implications for economic growth and emerging clusters, as well as the origin and characteristics of foreign technology transfer in a Chinese aircraft industry cluster. Clusters and Economic Growth in Asia will greatly appeal to academics, researchers, politicians, policy planners and industrial specialists, as well as those with a specific interest in clusters and economic growth in Asian economies.

Download or read book Cluster Based Industrial Development written by Tetsushi Sonobe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-07-11 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its utmost importance, the issue of industrial development has been largely neglected in the literature for the last few decades. The authors have conducted comparative case studies between Chinese and Japanese industries.

Download or read book Microfinance and China s Regional Development written by Wen Xiao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-13 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the innovative development of microfinance in China and takes Luqiao District, Taizhou as the example to sum up Chinese experiences in the local innovative development of microfinance and the application of that experience nationwide. Based on theoretical research regarding microfinance, this book analyzes the history and current situation of the development of microfinance in Luqiao District, and places emphasis on proceeding from three-pronged positioning, five characteristics and three major modes of microfinance’s innovative development in Luqiao District to explore and summarize the Luqiao story of microfinance. Subsequently, this book takes five perspectives—the innovative development of small and medium-sized banks, the innovative development of non-banking financial institutions, the roles of private capital, the policies of the local government and cooperation between the Chinese Mainland and Taiwan—to analyze the experience and paths for helping the development of small and micro enterprises. Finally, based on the conclusions of the research, this book presents some inspirations from the innovative development of microfinance in Luqiao District and future prospects. This book will interest economists, scholars of China’s economic model, and banking sector analysts.

Download or read book Building effective clusters and industrial parks written by Zhang, Xiaobo and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2016-12-22 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a daunting task to build institution and infrastructure over a short time period in developing countries. But in the absence of sound institutions and adequate infrastructure, it is difficult for economic transformation to take place. An alternative is to facilitate existing industrial clusters or build industrial parks by creating an enabling environment in a limited place. This paper reviews the commonly used strategies to build effective clusters and industrial parks. Clusters and industrial parks are location specific. Because they have an informational advantage, local governments are in a better position than the central government to identify and solve the bottlenecks that affect clusters and industrial parks. As clusters and industrial parks evolve, new bottlenecks emerge, thereby requiring new solutions. This in turns calls for continuous tinkering by local governments. It is important to place local governments and business communities in the driver’s seat of local economic growth so that they can watch out for and adjust to the bumps in the road ahead.

Download or read book Institutional Change And The Development Of Industrial Clusters In China Case Studies From The Textile And Clothing Industry written by Jinmin Wang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book mainly uses the New Institutional Economics Approach (NIE) to examine the formation and development of industrial clusters in China through multiple case studies of textile and clothing clusters in the Zhejiang province. The micro case studies illustrate the interaction between institutional change and the industrial development of China in transition.It also attempts to fill the information gap through an analysis of the typical institutional factors leading to the development and upgrading of industrial clusters, and provides a better understanding of the changing nature of the public-private interface in the process of cluster development in China.

Download or read book Regional Inequality in China written by Shenggen Fan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s spectacular growth and poverty reduction has been accompanied by growing inequality which threatens the social compact and thus the political basis for economic growth. Chinese policy makers have realized the importance of the problem and have launched a series of investigations and policy initiatives to address the issues. The regional dimension of inequality—rural/urban and inland/coastal—dominates in a country as large as China, and especially with its particular history. Not surprisingly, regional inequality has come to loom large in the policy debate in China. The policy debate has been informed by, and to some extent instigated by, a parallel analytical literature which has quantified the magnitude of the problem and identified recent trends, offered explanations based on rigorous analysis, and proposed policy interventions in light of the facts and understanding. Through a series of articles which have been published in leading journals, the editors have been involved in a systematic investigation into the nature and evolution of regional inequality in China for over a decade.

Download or read book The making of a blue revolution in Bangladesh Enablers impacts and the path ahead for aquaculture written by Shahidur Rashid and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2019-08-07 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rapid increase in aquaculture production in Bangladesh has lowered fish prices, increased protein consumption, and reduced poverty. The Making of a Blue Revolution in Bangladesh offers a valuable case study of how this transformation in the fish value chain has occurred and how it has improved the lives of both fish producers and fish consumers and considers the future potential of aquaculture in Bangladesh.

Download or read book Light Manufacturing in Vietnam written by Hinh T. Dinh and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-01-29 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light Manufacturing in Vietnam makes the case that, if the country is to continue along a rapid economic growth path and create jobs, it must undertake a structural transformation that can lift workers from low-productivity agriculture and the mere assembly of imported inputs to higher-productivity activities. Vietnam needs to address fundamental issues in the manufacturing sector that, until now, have been masked by economic growth. The book shows that there is a dichotomy between domestic enterprises and enterprises supported by foreign direct investment. The dominant state-owned enterprises and foreign-invested firms are often not integrated with smaller, domestic firms through backward or forward links in the use of domestically produced inputs or intermediate products. Growth in the domestic light manufacturing sector has arisen from the sheer number of micro and small enterprises rather than from expansion in the number of medium and large firms. As a consequence, final products have little value added; technology and expertise are not shared; and the economy has failed to move up the structural transformation ladder. This structure of production is one of the reasons Vietnam's rapid process of industrialization over the last three decades has not been accompanied by a favorable trade balance. Policy measures to address problems in competitiveness in Vietnam must confront the dual structure of the light manufacturing sector, while raising the value added in the industry. To that end, measures must be taken to nurture the expansion of small domestic firms, while helping these firms to achieve greater productivity through trade integration. This will require improvements in labor skills and technology and in the quality and variety of products able to compete with imports. Policies to reduce the role of the state-owned sector, promote trading companies, encourage clustering and subcontracting, and raise foreign and social networking are important in this respect. To boost the value added of its goods, Vietnam needs to integrate the supply chain in assembly activities by investing in the upstream production of the goods in which it has a comparative advantage in production and in which it has already established a market share, such as agribusiness, garments, and wood. Unlike downstream activities, however, the production of the associated raw materials and intermediate goods is capital intensive and technology driven, and it requires skilled labor. Inviting foreign direct investment into these areas and reforming education and vocational systems are the best means to reach this goal. For this reason, the government should launch a complete review of the incentives for foreign direct investment to focus on upstream production and on bringing in capital and technical expertise, while improving labor and entrepreneurial skills. Based on this analysis, Light Manufacturing in Vietnam proposes concrete policy measures to increase employment and spur job creation by addressing sector-specific constraints. The book presents a set of practical recommendations for policy makers to identify, prioritize, and remove the most serious constraints in each sector. This book will be valuable for policy makers, entrepreneurs, workers, professional economists, and anyone interested in economic development, industrialization, and the structural transformation of Vietnam and of developing countries.

Download or read book The Evolution of Chinese Entrepreneurial Firms Township Village Enterprises Revisited written by Chenggang Xu, Xiaobo Zhang and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2009 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Township-village enterprises (TVEs) were a major engine of China's rapid rural industrialization in the past three decades. TVEs also played a key role in fostering entrepreneurship and served as a major stepping-stone for institutional changes when legal protections of private property rights were not in place and the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) were slow to react to changing market demand. As private ownership was gradually recognized legally, TVEs lost their edge in competing with private firms. In the past two decades, industrial clusters with a concentration of private entrepreneurial firms coordinated by local governments have emerged rapidly in many areas. The structures of such firms as TVEs and the subsequent clustering modes of production are an outcome of interaction with other local and macro environments. As the environment changes, a firm's organization and organizational structure may change as well."--Authors' abstract.

Download or read book Regional Policy in China written by Marek Świstak and published by V&R Unipress. This book was released on 2022-12-12 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, much is said about the directions of development of modern China. However, we still do not know what will determine the expected superpower position of the Middle Kingdom. The book is an attempt to answer questions about China's main development challenges from a regional perspective. China aspires to become the country with the largest economy and development potential. This intention may turn out to be in vain if such significant disparities and development imbalances in the regional system are still present in China. The key to understanding the transformation of contemporary China is to recognize the internal determinants of the functioning of both the state and the economy from a regional perspective. A better understanding of the ways of managing regional development disparities may contribute to a more accurate assessment of the dynamics and directions of China's socio-economic development.

Download or read book Economic Analysis of Industrial Clustering in China written by Xiyi Yang and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Economic Analysis of Industrial Clustering in China" by Xiyi, Yang, 杨锡怡, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: One of the most striking developments during China's economic reforms is the emergence of specialized industrial clusters in rural towns and villages with each contributing to a substantial share of the global product market. Different from the concepts of "clustering" or "geographical agglomeration" defined in existing studies, these clusters are developed under the unique institutional constraints to factor mobility and to entrepreneurship in China. Given the shortcomings of existing measurements, I construct an original measure of clustering which indeed can capture the major features from the reality. Based on this measurement, by using a combination of firm-level and county-level datasets from 1998-2007, I systematically test the economic impacts of clustering on regional growth and inequality, and on firm innovation and exporting. Along with the record-breaking growth, income inequality in China has increased so rapidly that China has become one of the most unequal economies in the world. How the development of clusters interacts with local economic growth and inequality, however, is unknown in the literature. Based on panel estimations, I find that industrial clusters, especially strong clusters or those with a more developed non-state sector, can enhance local economic and employment growth. More importantly, the higher growth does not lead to enlarged income inequality. Instead, counties with clusters consisting of a more developed non-state sector will have a substantially lower urban-rural inequality, driven by the increased income of local rural residents. The results stay robust after addressing the endogeneity issues by thepropensity score matching approach and the instrumental variable (IV) regression approach. On the other hand, though China has long been the factory floor that churns out popular gadgets for companies world-wide, the country's own technology were rarely viewed as leading edge. However, agrowing literature has pointed to the existence of distinctforms of industrial innovationin China that usually involvethe redefinition of existing technologies and the commercialization of new inventions.Given that a large proportion of the country's manufacturing is concentrated within these specialized industrial clusters, how this clustering environment interacts with industrial innovation and exporting of firms is an important but unanswered question. Using a combination of data from the State Intellectual Property Office Patent Database and the Chinese Manufacturing Firm Survey Database, I find that firms within industrial clusters are more likely to generate patent and this effect is amplified if there is a higher density of firms within the cluster, or if there are state-owned enterprises operating in the cluster. Moreover, firms located in industrial clusters will have a higher probability of exporting, especially if there are more private firms or foreign-invested firms within the clusters. Moreover, this effect of clustering on export is likely to operate through the channel of improved firm productivity. Finally, I use instrument variable regression to address the identification issue and establish causality between clustering and improved firm productivity. Subjects: Industrial clusters - China

Download or read book Capitalism from Below written by Victor Nee and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-19 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 630 million Chinese have escaped poverty since the 1980s, reducing the fraction remaining from 82 to 10 percent of the population. This astonishing decline in poverty, the largest in history, coincided with the rapid growth of a private enterprise economy. Yet private enterprise in China emerged in spite of impediments set up by the Chinese government. How did private enterprise overcome these initial obstacles to become the engine of China’s economic miracle? Where did capitalism come from? Studying over 700 manufacturing firms in the Yangzi region, Victor Nee and Sonja Opper argue that China’s private enterprise economy bubbled up from below. Through trial and error, entrepreneurs devised institutional innovations that enabled them to decouple from the established economic order to start up and grow small, private manufacturing firms. Barriers to entry motivated them to build their own networks of suppliers and distributors, and to develop competitive advantage in self-organized industrial clusters. Close-knit groups of like-minded people participated in the emergence of private enterprise by offering financing and establishing reliable business norms. This rapidly growing private enterprise economy diffused throughout the coastal regions of China and, passing through a series of tipping points, eroded the market share of state-owned firms. Only after this fledgling economy emerged as a dynamic engine of economic growth, wealth creation, and manufacturing jobs did the political elite legitimize it as a way to jump-start China’s market society. Today, this private enterprise economy is one of the greatest success stories in the history of capitalism.