Download or read book Fescue Toxicosis and Management written by Craig A. Roberts and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fescue toxicosis continues to be one of the most devastating problems in forage–livestock agriculture. Because there is presently no cure, using the most up-to-date management and prevention approaches are crucial. The 2nd edition of this important guide presents an easy-to-understand description of this complex problem, along with recommendations that are practical for real farm use.

Download or read book Fescue Toxicosis and Management written by Craig Arthur Roberts and published by ASA-CSSA-SSSA. This book was released on 2010 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fescue Toxicosis and Management written by Craig Arthur Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fescue Toxicosis Management written by University of Missouri. Agricultural Extension Service and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fescue toxicosis & management is a field manual for area extension specialists in Misosuri. It was prepared for the in-service education workshop held in Columbia, Missouri on March 23-24, 1993. The manual presents basic and applied research from various disciplines, universities, and agencies. These findings lay the foundation for sound recommendations.

Download or read book Managing Fescue Toxicosis Through Forage Canopy Limestone Application and Novel Endophytes written by Sarah Lynn Kenyon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] infected with the endophytic fungus Epichloë coenophiala [(Morgan-Jones [AND] W. Gams) C.W. Bacon & Schardl, comb. nov.] produces ergovaline and other alkaloids responsible for fescue toxicosis, a livestock disorder. Cultivars re-infected with endophytes that do not produce toxic ergot alkaloids, referred to as "novel endophytes," have been used to alleviate the symptoms of fescue toxicosis. This research includes a series of experiments with the overall objective of identifying management practices that reduce fescue toxicosis in order to provide recommendations to Missouri farmers. The fist experiment examined the distribution of ergovaline and total ergot alkaloids throughout the vegetative canopy of tall fescue, and concluded that toxin concentrations are highest in the bottom 5 cm of the plant. The second experiment documented that applying limestone decreased ergovaline concentrations by at least 20 [mu]g kg−1 dry matter. The third experiment evaluated cattle preference among novel endophyte-infected tall fescue cultivars. This experiment concluded that one cultivar, 'BarOptima,' was grazed first and most frequently.

Download or read book The Impact of Fescue Toxicosis T Snip Score on Post weaning Beef Cattle Performance written by Blake Robertson McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that fescue toxicosis has a negative impact on cattle productivity. These studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of fescue toxicosis on post-weaning beef steers, as well as the impact of T-Snip score on performance of steers and heifers. We hypothesized that cattle that consumed an E+ diet would perform lower than cattle that did not. We also hypothesized that the cattle coming off of an E+ diet would remain at a lower weight than those that did not throughout the feeding period. T-Snip scores were also believed to be indicative of animal performance while consuming an E+ diet. A two-phase feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the aforementioned effects. 306 crossbred steers (288.8 ± 3.81 kg) were blocked by weight, T-Snip score, and color, and assigned to one of two treatments. The grow phase consisted of the first 54 days of the experiment. Throughout this period, high roughage, growing diets were fed to the steers. The treatment group was fed a diet containing toxic tall fescue seed, whereas the control diet was fed a seed-free diet. The finishing phase was day 54-slaughter. In this period, all animals were fed a common, corn-based finishing diet. For the first phase of the experiment, there were no differences between treatments for initial bodyweight (IBW), DMI, dry matter intake as a % BW (DMPW), ADG, GF, or end bodyweight (EBW). There was however differences between T-Snip star scores among treatments. In the control group, animals with 2 and 3 stars had a higher ADG (P[less than or equal to]0.05) (1.74 kg vs. 1.68 kg) than animals with 0, 1, & 4 stars (1.59 kg, 1.53 kg vs. 1.53 kg). In the E+ group, animals with zero stars had the lowest ADG (1.42 kg), animals with 1 or 2 stars had an increased ADG (1.65 kg vs. 1.63 kg) and animals with 3 or 4 stars had the highest ADG (1.74 kg vs. 1.76 kg) (P[less than or equal to]0.05). In the finishing phase, control animals had increased DMI (P[less than]0.05) (8.33 kg vs. 7.82 kg). DMIPW, ADG, and EBW tended (P[less than]0.10) to be higher for the control groups. There were no differences between T-Snip star scores among treatments during the finishing phase. HCW was higher for control animals than E+ animals (P[less than or equal to]0.05) (343.01 kg vs. 331.13 kg) Marbling scores were lower in E+ animals than control (P[less than or equal to]0.05) (4.41 vs. 4.71) Carcass value was higher for control treatment than E+ (P[less than or equal to]0.05) ($1486.93 vs. $1420.68). The only difference among T-Snip star scores occurred in the control group, where 0 star animals had increased backfat (BF) (P[less than or equal to]0.05). In another study we evaluated if performance of beef heifers grazing E+ pasture differed among T-Snip score. It was hypothesized that as T-Snip score increased (increased tolerance to E+ tall fescue) average daily gain of heifers would increase. 180 angus-based commercial heifers (343.22±17.87 kg) grazed E+ tall fescue pasture for 75 days. Each animal had a hair sample taken and submitted for a T-Snip score and tolerance rating, where animals with 0-1 star were considered susceptible, animals with 2-3 stars were average, and animals with 4-5 stars were considered the most tolerant to fescue toxicosis. As hypothesized, there were differences in ADG between tolerance ratings. ADG for susceptible animals was 0.20 kg, average animals gained 0.25 kg, and the tolerant heifers gained 0.29 kg/d (P=0.07). Average daily gains were as expected for heifers grazing E+ tall fescue pastures. Heifers identified as tolerant had 45% greater average daily gain than heifers identified as intolerant. The objective of this study was to determine if genetic testing for fescue tolerance used in cows had relevance for calves as well. This research demonstrated that genetic selection to improve fescue tolerance could improve progeny performance.

Download or read book Feed Intake Component of Fescue Toxicosis During Short term Exposure to Thermoneutral and Heat Stress Conditions written by Prakash Babu Bommala and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ingestion of endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+) may result in fescue toxicosis, which is associated with a significant reduction in feed intake. It is possible that the reduction in caloric intake could contribute to some of the symptoms associated with this condition. The following study evaluated this possibility. Time-related changes in core body temperature (Tc), activity, feed intake and body weight were determined in rats fed diets containing either endophyte-infected seed (E+), uninfected fescue seed (E- ), or uninfected fescue seed at the level consumed on the previous day by rats fed the E+ diet (PFE+; pair-fed). These diets were fed for seven days at thermoneutrality (i.e., 21°C), followed by three days of exposure to thermoneutral (TN; 21°C) or heat stress environments (HS; 31°C). Cumulative effects of both E+ diet and HS on feed intake and body weight gain were observed. Average daily Tc of E+ and PFE+ rats tended to decrease during the preheat period by reducing the daily minimum Tc, with greater reduction in the PFE+ group. During HS, the average daily Tc of E+ group increased with a shift in diurnal Tc values to a higher level indicative of hyperthermia. In contrast, the daily Tc and circadian rhythm of the PFE+ group was similar to TN groups, suggesting that reduced feed intake might explain the hypothermia experienced during at thermoneutrality, but not the hyperthermia experienced by the E+ group during heat stress. Prolactin levels were decreased in E+ fed rats irrespective of ambient temperature. There was no effect of E+ treatment on serum parameters at TN. During HS, E+ treatment lowered cholesterol and amylase levels relative to E- levels. The PFE+ treatment lowered cholesterol in both environments, and reduced amylase, ALP, and albumin relative to E- treated animals in the HS environment. The above results suggest that decreased feed intake partially contributes to the hypothermia at thermoneutrality in E+ and PFE+ groups, but only explains some of the E+ effects during short-term heat stress.

Download or read book Management Strategies for Sustainable Cattle Production in Southern Pastures written by Monte Rouquette, Jr. and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management Strategies for Sustainable Cattle Production in Southern Pastures is a practical resource for scientists, students, and stakeholders who want to understand the relationships between soil-plant interactions and pasture management strategies, and the resultant performance of cow-calf and stocker cattle. This book illustrates the importance of matching cattle breed types and plant hardiness zones to optimize cattle production from forages and pastures. It explains the biologic and economic implications of grazing management decisions made to improve sustainability of pastures and cattle production while being compliant with present and future environmental concerns and cattle welfare programs. Documents the effects of cattle grazing on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprints Discusses strategies to enhance soil fertility, soil health, and nutrient cycling in pastures Provides information on the use of stocking rates, stocking strategies and grazing systems to optimize cow-calf production of weaned calves and stockers. Presents innovations in cattle supplementation and watering systems to minimize negative impacts on water and soil health Includes methods for weed control to maintain pasture condition and ecosystem stability Describes management strategies to integrate cattle operations with wildlife sustainability

Download or read book Tall Fescue Toxicosis written by Craig Arthur Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is Missouri's most widely used forage crop. It is insect and nematode resistant, tolerates poor soil and climatic conditions well and has a long growing season. Unfortunately, tall fescue also has a downside. Most tall fescue in the state is infected with a fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum (formerly called Acremonium coenophialum) that is toxic to animals. This publication offers a description of the endophyte as well as recommendations for its management.

Download or read book Tall Fescue for the Twenty first Century written by Henry A. Fribourg and published by ASA-CSSA-SSSA. This book was released on 2009 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Book and Multimedia Publishing Committee; David Baltensperger, chair ... [et al.]."

Download or read book Effects of Induced Fescue Toxicosis on the Neuroendocrine Control of Prolactin Secretion in Sheep written by Michael Chris Henson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tall Fescue Toxicosis Workshop written by Southern Extension and Research Activity Information Exchange Group--8 and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Supplementation of Energy and Glucomannan to Alleviate Tall Fescue Toxicosis written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An 84 d randomized block design using beef calves (238.8 " 20.1 kg) in each of two years was used to assess the efficacy of energy supplementation and glucomannan (MTB) to alleviate tall fescue toxicosis. Groups of four calves were randomly assigned to 24 endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures (1.23 " 0.06) ha. Pastures of calves were randomly assigned to treatments: unsupplemented (CON) with soybean hulls (SH) at 0.33% BW (DM basis; LO) supplemented with SH at 0.66% BW (DM basis; HI), LO plus 20 ·ghd−1 MTB-100® (LO-MTB), HI plus g·hd−1·d−1 MTB-100® (HI-MTB). Calves were weighed and serum collected every 21 days. Fecal grab samples were taken from d 55 to d 59 and analyzed for dry matter chromium and ergot alkaloid concentrations. Tympanic temperatures were taken from one calf for 3 days each week from d 59 to d 84. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS with contrasts of effects of MTB, level of SH supplementation (LEVEL), MTB x LEVEL interaction, and CON vs. supplemented (SUPP). Treatments differed in ADG (P

Download or read book Ameliorating the Effects of Fescue Toxicosis in Heifers with Blessed Thistle written by Abby Razer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fescue Toxicosis occurs when animals are fed or grazing on Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea ) syn. (Lolium arudinacea [Schreb]) grass that is infected with the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum (Bacon et al., 1977). This disease affects cattle, sheep, and horses causing reduced feed consumption, average daily gain (ADG), and reproductive performance (Hoveland, 2003). The aim of this research project was to determine if the herbal supplement, Blessed Thistle, could be used to counteract the effects of fescue toxicosis in cattle. The results suggest that Blessed Thistle can ameliorate some symptoms of fescue toxicosis; however, further research is needed.

Download or read book Possible Mechanisms and Approaches to Alleviating the Symptoms of Fescue Toxicosis written by Melanie Dawn Samford and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Publications on Tall Fescue and Tall Fescue Toxicosis from the Tennessee Research Program written by H. A. Fribourg and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Fescue Toxicosis and Chronic Heat Stress on Murine Hepatic Gene Expression written by Sachin Bhusari and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fescue toxicosis affects domestic animals grazing fescue pasture infected with the endophytic fungus, Neotyphodium coenophialum. Signs of fescue toxicosis include increased body temperature and respiration rate and decreased milk yield and reproductive performance. Laboratory mice also exhibit symptoms of fescue toxicosis as indicated by reduced growth rate and reproductive performance. Mice were used to study effects of fescue toxicosis on hepatic gene expression. Twenty-seven mice were randomly allocated to a diet containing either 50% endophyte-infected (E+) or endophyte-free (E- ) fescue seed for two wks under thermoneutral conditions. A two-stage ANOVA of microarray data identified thirty-six genes differentially expressed between mice fed E+ and E- diets. The E+ diet resulted in down-regulation of genes involved in sex-steroid pathway and in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. Genes coding for ribosomes and protein synthesis were up-regulated by the E+ diet. Mice were also used to study the effects of chronic heat stress on hepatic gene expression. Twenty-five mice were randomly allocated to either chronic heat stress (cHS; 34 " 1°C) or thermoneutral (TN; 24 " 1°C) conditions for a period of two wks from 47 to 60 d of age. A two-stage ANOVA of 1353 gene oligoarray data identified thirty genes as differentially expressed due to cHS. Genes involved in the anti-oxidant pathway were up-regulated due to cHS. Genes involved in generation of reactive oxygen radicals and a number of mitochondrial expressed genes were down-regulated by cHS. However, cHS did not produce an increase in oxidative stress induced mitochondrial DNA damage. Furthermore, effects of heat stress on changes in gene expression due to fescue toxicosis in mice liver were studied using DNA microarrays. Our goal was to characterize the differences in liver gene expression of mice exposed to chronic heat stress (cHS) and E+ when compared to mice fed E+ at TN. Mice were fed E+ diet under cHS (34 " 1°C; n = 13; E+cHS) or TN conditions (24 " 1°C; n = 14; E+TN) for a period of two wks between 47 to 60 d of age. Forty-one genes were differentially expressed between treatment groups. Genes coding for phase I detoxification and anti-oxidant pathway were up-regulated in E+cHS mouse liver. Key genes involved in de novo lipogenesis and lipid transport were also up-regulated. Finally, genes involved in DNA damage control and unfolded protein responses were down-regulated. In summary, mice fed an E+ diet at TN resulted in change in expression of genes involved in sex-steroid pathway while this pathway was not perturbed in mice exposed to cHS or to E+cHS treatments. Changes in expression of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism pathway occurred in mice exposed to E+ and to E+cHS treatment. Anti-oxidant gene expression changes occurred in mice exposed to cHS and to E+cHS, but not in E+ treated mice. Interestingly, gene expression changes involved in the detoxification pathway were seen only in mice exposed to combination of E+ and cHS. Biological pathways and gene expression changes identified in mouse liver due to E+, cHS, and E+cHS will help to understand molecular mechanisms by which fescue toxicosis and heat stress affects animals.