Download or read book Feedbacks of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice Agriculture written by Alec Sithole and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of global warming on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture was investigated and simulated from a soil warming experiment. Experiments were designed and installed in a temperature controlled greenhouse. The relationships between elevated temperatures and CH4 and N2O emissions were determined and calculated as the Q10s of production, emission and oxidation. A study of the populations of methanogens and methanotrophs at a range of soil temperatures was performed based on soil molecular DNA analysis. This study showed that global warming would increase CH4 emissions from rice agriculture and that the resultant emissions will be potentially large enough to cause changes in the present atmospheric concentrations. This research also showed that this increase was most evident for soil temperatures below 30°C, above which emissions decreased with increasing temperature. The seasonal average Q10s of CH4 emission, production, oxidation, methanogen and methanotroph populations were found to be 1.7, 2.6 and 2.2, 2.6 and 3.8, respectively, over a temperature of 20-32°C. Considering that the processes of CH4 production and emission are similar to those in natural wetlands, which is the largest source of atmospheric CH4, the contribution of this feedback is likely to cause a significant increase to the present CH4 atmospheric budget if the current global warming trend persists over the next century. The Q10s of N2O emissions and production were 0.5-3.3 and 0.4-2.9, respectively. The low Q10 values found for N2O suggest that although global warming will have a direct impact on the production and emission rates. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the impact of global on both CH4 and N2O emissions from agriculture is likely to vary from one region to another due to the spatial variations in agricultural soil temperatures and the likely changes in the global regional distribution of water resources (water tables, rainfall patterns), water management practices and the responses of terrestrial CH4 and N2O sources such as natural wetlands and plants.
Download or read book Rice Ratooning written by International Rice Research Institute and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1988 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview; Morphology and physiology of rice ratoons; Rice ratooning in practice; Evaluation and potential of rice ratooning; Cultural practices; Genetics and varietal improvement.
Download or read book Methane Emissions from Major Rice Ecosystems in Asia written by Reiner Wassmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rice production is affected by changing climate conditions and has the dual role of contributing to global warming through emissions of the greenhouse gas methane. Climate change has been recognized as a major threat to the global environment. Because of insufficient field data, rice-growing countries face a problem when trying to comply with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change stipulations to compile a national inventory of emissions and to explore mitigation options. Given the expected doubling in rice production in Asia, the need to evaluate the interaction between climate change and rice production is critical to forming a sound basis for future directions of technology developments by policy makers, agriculturists, environmentalists, rice producers, and rice consumers. The present book comprises two sections. The first part documents a comprehensive overview of the results achieved from an interregional research effort to quantify methane emission from major rice ecosystems and to identify efficient mitigation options. This research report broadens understanding of the contribution of rice cultivation to methane emissions and clarifies that emissions are relatively low, except in specific rice ecosystems, and that these high emissions could be ameliorated without sacrificing yield. The second section shows results from other projects that investigated the role of rice cultivators in field and laboratory approaches. The findings represent inputs for future modeling approaches in the role of rice cultivators. The expanded database generated by other projects is reflected in modeling efforts.
Download or read book Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice Fields written by Deepanjan Majumdar and published by Nova Science Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2009 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric presence of nitrous oxide (N2O) is known for many years but its concentration has increased alarmingly by 46 ppbv (17%) since 1750 and by 0.0008 ppb yr-1 during 1990-1999. Nitrous oxide is a 296 times more potent greenhouse gas than CO2 on a 100-year time scale and causes enhanced greenhouse effect, a phenomenon first discovered in 1976. Nitrous oxide emission from 1750 to 2000 has caused an atmospheric radiative forcing of 0.15 W m-2. Moreover, N2O is indirectly involved in catalytic destruction of stratospheric ozone. Due to its atmospheric lifetime of about 120-150 years, atmospheric N2O burden will persist for many years even if its emission is stopped now. Various estimates differ widely on the contribution of agriculture in anthropogenic N2O emissions viz. 96%, 81%, 76%, 65% etc. Although several studies on N2O emissions from rice have been done in last two decades, no clear-cut contribution of rice or any other crop, for that matter, on atmospheric N2O loading has been worked out till date. Only less than 1% of applied N is lost through N2O from rice fields and its overall amount and radiative forcing are much lower than CH4, the major greenhouse gas emitted from rice fields. Possible sources of N for N2O emission in rice fields are fertilisers, manures and green manures, irrigation water, N fixed by floodwater algae, plant debris and as long as rice cultivation exists, N2O will be emitted. It has been suggested that N2O emission from agriculture might increase by 90% during 1986 to 2026. Monitoring of N2O from rice hasn't been done as extensively as CH4, as emission of former is low due to reduction to N2 in flooded rice fields. Since, overall amount of fertiliser N usage and acreage of rice are increasing, N2O emission might increase appreciably globally and so, monitoring of N2O emission from different rice ecosystems and estimating realistic regional and global budgets form rice ecosystems assume high significance. Efforts to predict N2O emissions through simulation of soil N pathways are underway, but it is difficult since emission from rice soil is controlled by the real-time field conditions and fluctuations in cultural practices. Whatever be the emission, it creates environmental disturbance slowly but surely. Efforts should be focused on the mitigation of N2O emission without compromising crop production, degrading the environment and creating pressure on financial resources.
Download or read book Experimental Methods for Measuring the Q10 of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice Agriculture written by Alec Sithole and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies written by O. van Cleemput and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the `8th Nitrogen Workshop' which was held at the University of Ghent, Belgium, from 5 to 8 September 1994. Although nitrogen dynamics in different ecosystems have been studied for several decades, new orientations and other emphases have recently emerged. Previously, nitrogen was considered as an essential element mostly in terms of productivity, but now, more emphasis is attached to environmental consequences. More than 100 contributions in this book tackle recent developments within the fields of nitrogen advice systems, plant response to fertilization, immobilization and mobilization, nitrification, denitrification, leaching, ammonia volatilization and biological nitrogen fixation. A large number of papers is devoted to the formation of gaseous nitrogen compounds, while mineralization-immobilization is another topic of important interest. The book also contains the reports of discussion groups on different aspects of the nitrogen cycle.
Download or read book Climate Change and Agricultural Water Management in Developing Countries written by Chu T Hoanh and published by CABI. This book was released on 2015-12-15 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an analysis of impacts of climate change on water for agriculture, and the adaptation strategies in water management to deal with these impacts. Chapters include an assessment at global level, with details on impacts in various countries. Adaptation measures including groundwater management, water storage, small and large scale irrigation to support agriculture and aquaculture are presented. Agricultural implications of sea level rise, as a subsequent impact of climate change, are also examined.
Download or read book Methane Emissions from Rice Production in the United States A Review of Controlling Factors and Summary of Research written by Alden D. Smartt and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation has been identified as one of the leading global agricultural sources of anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions. Furthermore, it has been estimated that global rice production is responsible for 11% of total anthropogenic CH4 emissions. Considering that CH4 has a global warming potential that is approximately 25 times more potent, on a mass basis, than carbon dioxide (CO2) and rice production is globally extensive and concentrated in several mid-southern and southern states and California, the purpose of this review is two-fold: (i) discuss the factors known to control CH4 production in the soil and transport to the atmosphere from rice cultivation and (ii) summarize the historic and recent research conducted on CH4 emissions from rice production in the temperate United States. Though some knowledge has been gained, there is much more that still needs to be learned and understood regarding CH4 emissions from rice production in the United States, its contribution to climate change, and potential mitigation strategies. Extending the current knowledge base surrounding CH4 emissions from rice cultivation will help regulatory bodies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency, refine greenhouse gas emissions factors to combat the potential negative effects of climate change.
Download or read book The Biology of Subcellular Nitric Oxide written by Tamás Rőszer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-14 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fills in a gap in the NO literature. Recent progress in the field of NO-biology shows that NO is generated within distinct cell compartments, including specific plasma membrane regions, mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, the Golgi-complex and intracellular membrane systems. NO synthesis plays specific roles in these compartments and, in turn, cell organelles also control intracellular NO levels. This monograph focuses on the roles played by the subcellular NO-signaling microdomains in the prokaryote-, fungus-, plant- and animal cells and shows how NO behaves as an intracellular signal in distinct cellular environments. This monograph also provides a summary of our knowledge on how NO synthesis came through evolution to be associated with organelles and subcellular compartments. Promotes the novel ideas that some functions of NO and its associations with subcellular units have been conserved during the evolution of the cell. A special chapter is dedicated to the biomedical relevance of subcellular NO synthesis, and this chapter also discusses the evidence that altered compartmentalization of NO-producing enzymes causes disease.
Download or read book Understanding Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Management written by Lei Guo and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-04-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A valuable source of information for researchers and environmental practitioners, providing the most up-to-date information on greenhouse gas emissions from field crops and livestock animals
Download or read book Water Management in Irrigated Rice written by B. A. M. Bouman and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 33 written by Eric Lichtfouse and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-04 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents advanced knowledge on the relationships between climate change and agriculture, and various adaptation techniques such as low tillage, salt-adapted beneficial microbes and closed systems. Climate change is unavoidable but adaptation is possible. Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Climate change affects agriculture through changes in average temperatures, rainfall and climate extremes; changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level.
Download or read book Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2013 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse gas emissions by the livestock sector could be cut by as much as 30 percent through the wider use of existing best practices and technologies. FAO conducted a detailed analysis of GHG emissions at multiple stages of various livestock supply chains, including the production and transport of animal feed, on-farm energy use, emissions from animal digestion and manure decay, as well as the post-slaughter transport, refrigeration and packaging of animal products. This report represents the most comprehensive estimate made to-date of livestocks contribution to global warming as well as the sectors potential to help tackle the problem. This publication is aimed at professionals in food and agriculture as well as policy makers.
Download or read book Methane emissions in livestock and rice systems written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2023-09-25 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing methane emissions from livestock and rice systems is vital for promoting sustainable agriculture and mitigating climate change. This FAO report comprehensively addresses methane emissions in agriculture and their impact on global greenhouse gas levels. By analysing sources, sinks, quantification methods, and mitigation strategies, this publication highlights challenges and opportunities to reduce methane emissions from livestock and rice production systems.
Download or read book Water Productivity in Agriculture written by J. W. Kijne and published by CABI. This book was released on 2003 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First title in a major new seriesAddresses improving water productivity to relieve problems of scarcity and competition to provide for food and environmental securityDraws from scientists having a multitude of disciplines to approach this important problemIn a large number of developing countries, policy makers and researchers are increasingly aware of the conflicting demands on water, and look at agriculture to be more effective in its use of water. Focusing on both irrigated and rain-fed agriculture, this book gives a state of the art review of the limits and opportunities for improving water productivity in crop production. It demonstrates how efficiency of water use can be enhanced to maximize yields. The book represents the first in a new series of volumes resulting from the Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture, a research program conducted by the CGIAR's Future Harvest Centres, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and partners worldwide. It will be of significant interest to those working in areas of soil and crop science, water management, irrigation, and development studies.
Download or read book Climate Smart Food written by Dave Reay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-01 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book asks just how climate-smart our food really is. It follows an average day's worth of food and drink to see where it comes from, how far it travels, and the carbon price we all pay for it. From our breakfast tea and toast, through breaktime chocolate bar, to take-away supper, Dave Reay explores the weather extremes the worlds farmers are already dealing with, and what new threats climate change will bring. Readers will encounter heat waves and hurricanes, wildfires and deadly toxins, as well as some truly climate-smart solutions. In every case there are responses that could cut emissions while boosting resilience and livelihoods. Ultimately we are all in this together, our decisions on what food we buy and how we consume it send life-changing ripples right through the global web that is our food supply. As we face a future of 10 billion mouths to feed in a rapidly changing climate, its time to get to know our farmers and herders, our vintners and fisherfolk, a whole lot better. Dave Reay is Professor of Carbon Management at the University of Edinburgh, UK. He has studied climate change for over 20 years, from warming impacts in the Southern Ocean, through carbon fluxes in forests, to greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands and agriculture. In 2018 he received the Chancellors Award for Teaching for his work in climate change education. His latest project involves managing a large area of coastal land in Scotland to regrow native tree species and trap a lifetimes carbon.
Download or read book Manual on Measurement of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
