Download or read book Federal Sulfur Dioxide Controls the State of Indiana and Electric Utilities written by Joe Preston Foley and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sulfur Dioxide Control by Electric Utilities written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Indiana Michigan Electric Company V United States Environmental Protection Agency written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Public Service Company of Indiana Inc V United States Environmental Protection Agency written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sulfur Dioxide Control by Electric Utilities written by Curtis Carlson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Title IV of the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments offers firms facing high marginal costs for pollution abatement the chance to purchase the right to emit sulfur dioxide from firms with lower costs. In the long run such allowance trading may achieve substantial cost savings over an quot;enlightenedquot; command and control program with a uniform emission-rate standard. But in the short run what has lowered costs is technical change and the fall in low-sulfur coal prices.Title IV of the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments established a market for transferable sulfur dioxide emission allowances among electric utilities. The market offers firms facing high marginal costs for pollution abatement the opportunity to purchase the right to emit sulfur dioxide from firms with lower costs. It is expected to yield more cost savings than a command and control approach to environmental regulation.To evaluate the performance of the market for sulfur dioxide allowances, Carlson, Burtraw, Cropper, and Palmer use econometrically estimated marginal abatement cost functions for power plants affected by Title IV. They investigate whether the much-heralded fall in the cost of abating sulfur dioxide can be attributed to allowance trading.They find that for plants that use low-sulfur coal to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions, technical change and the fall in low-sulfur coal prices have lowered marginal abatement cost curves by more than half since 1985. And that is the main source of cost reductions rather than trading allowances per se.In the long run, allowance trading may achieve cost savings of $700 million to $800 million a year more than could be expected from an quot;enlightenedquot; command and control program with a uniform emission-rate standard. But comparing potential cost savings in 1995 and 1996 with actual emissions costs suggests that most trading gains were unrealized in the first two years of the program.This paper-a product of Environment and Infrastructure, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to examine the successes and failures of environmental regulation as a guide to formulating environmental policy. Maureen Cropper may be contacted at [email protected].

Download or read book Sulfur Dioxide Control by Electric Utilities written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) established a market for transferable sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission allowances among electric utilities. This market offers firms facing high marginal abatement costs the opportunity to purchase the right to emit SO2 from firms with lower costs, and is expected to yield cost savings compared to a command and control approach to environmental regulation. This paper uses econometrically estimated marginal abatement cost functions for power plants affected by Title IV of the CAAA to evaluate the performance of the SO2 allowance market. Specifically, we investigate whether the much-heralded fall in the cost of abating SO2, compared to original estimates, can be attributed to allowance trading. We demonstrate that, for plants using low-sulfur coal to reduce SO2 emissions, technical changes and the fall in low-sulfur coal prices have lowered marginal abatement cost curves by over 50% since 1985. The flexibility to take advantage of these changes is the main source of cost reductions, rather than trading per se. In the long run, allowance trading may achieve cost savings of $700-$800 million per year compared to an "enlightened" command and control program characterized by a uniform emission rate standard. The cost savings would be twice as great if the alternative to trading were forced scrubbing. However, a comparison of potential cost savings in 1995 and 1996 with actual emissions costs suggests that most trading gains were unrealized in the first two years of the program."--Abstract.

Download or read book Acid Deposition Control Act written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy Conservation and Power and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Sulfur Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries.

Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Protection of Environment PT 52 52 01 52 1018 Revised as of July 1 2010 written by Office of the Federal Register and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation and the Courts written by R. Shep Melnick and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, federal courts have become increasingly aggressive in shaping regulatory policy, abandoning their traditional deference to bureaucratic expertise. This new judicial activism has been particular evident in the regulation of air pollution. R. Shep Melnick analyzes the effects a variety of court decisions have had on federal air pollution control policy and assesses the courts’ institutional capacity for policymaking in such a complex arena. In six cases studies of environmental programs or issues he examines the interplay among the courts, the Environmental Protection Agency, Congress, and the White House. The conventional wisdom is that the courts have improved environmental policymaking, but Melnick concludes that as a whole “the consequences of court action under the Clean Air Act are neither random nor beneficial.” He finds that “court action has encouraged legislators and administrators to establish goals without considering how they can be achieved,” widening the gap between promise and performance. The results, he charges, have been increased cynicism, serious inefficiencies and inequities, and a lack of rational debate. An analysis of the institutional characteristics of the judicial branch reveals how these problems have come about and why they are likely to afflict other programs as well as environmental regulation. The author proposes several reforms to improve the courts’ ability to handle regulatory cases.

Download or read book Enforcement of Environmental Regulations written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Acid Rain Control written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Implementation of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Indianapolis Power Light Company V Ruckelshaus written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Steam electric Plant Air and Water Quality Control Data written by United States. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Markets for Clean Air written by A. Denny Ellerman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-06-19 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book analyzes the behavior and performance of the market for emissions permits, called allowances in the Acid Rain Program, and quantifies emission reductions, compliance costs, and cost savings associated with the trading program."--BOOK JACKET.