Download or read book Federal Programs and the Real Costs of Policing written by Rachel Harmon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dozens of federal statutes authorize federal agencies to give money and power to local police departments and municipalities in order to improve public safety. While these federal programs encourage better coordination of police efforts and make pursuing public safety less financially costly for local communities, they also encourage harmful policing. Of course, policing often interferes with our interests in autonomy, privacy, and property, and those harms are often worthwhile in exchange for security and order. Federal public safety programs, however, are designed, implemented, and evaluated without reference to the nonbudgetary costs of policing. When those costs are high, federal programs can make local policing seem cheaper for communities, but actually make it more costly in its impacts and therefore less efficient. The coercion costs of policing are overlooked in most assessments of policing policy, not just in federal programs. Ordinarily, however, even when they are not formally recognized, those costs are accounted for, at least to some degree, in local political processes because local government officials experience public ire when the harms of policing become too great. Unfortunately, federal programs also frequently undermine this check on the intrusiveness of local policing. Internalizing the nonbudgetary costs of policing depends on public capacity to monitor harmful police conduct and on city officials' capacity to influence police conduct. Some federal programs interfere with these conditions by clouding responsibility for law enforcement coercion and by giving money directly to departments rather than to municipalities. Thus, federal programs not only ignore significant costs of the policies they subsidize, they also interfere with the usual local mechanisms for managing those costs. Until federal public safety programs are approached with a more complete understanding of policing - one that attends to its full costs and the need for accountability - federal programs will continue to promote policing practices that do more harm than necessary and maybe even more harm than good.
Download or read book Making Policing More Affordable written by George Gascon and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public expenditure on policing in the U.S. more than quadrupled between 1982 and 2006. This report tries to create space for a careful conversation about the challenge of paying for policing. It starts by asking two questions. First, what is driving up police expend.? Are police departments growing and providing more services to more people, are the costs of providing these same services simply going up, or are other factors responsible for the increase? Second, what have cities and their residents received in return for their investment in policing? Are there fewer crimes, a greater sense of safety and more satisfaction with police services? What has happened to the bottom line in policing? Illus. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book On the Beat written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report to Congress written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hidden in Plain Sight written by Paul Heaton and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 2010 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Many state and local governments are facing significant fiscal challenges, forcing policymakers to confront difficult trade-offs as they consider how to allocate scarce resources across numerous worthy initiatives. To achieve their policy priorities, it will become increasingly important for policymakers to concentrate resources on programs that can clearly demonstrate that they improve their constituents' quality of life. To identify such programs, cost/benefit analysis can be a powerful tool for objectively adjudicating the merits of particular programs. On the surface, all such programs aim to improve quality of life, but whether they actually achieve -- or will achieve -- what they aim for is another question. Summarizing the existing high-quality academic research on the cost of crime and the effectiveness of police in preventing crime, this paper familiarizes policymakers and practitioners with current research on these issues and demonstrates how this research can be used to better understand the returns to investments in police. It demonstrates a method for comparing the costs of police personnel with the expected benefits generated by those police in terms of reduced crime. Applying the method to several real-world scenarios shows that these investments generate net social benefits. Returns on investments in police personnel are likely to be substantial."--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Opportunity to Reduce Federal Costs Under the Law Enforcement Education Program written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Long term Effects of Law Enforcement s Post 9 11 Focus on Counterterrorism and Homeland Security written by Lois M. Davis and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of 9/11, many law enforcement agencies (LEAs) shifted more resources toward developing counterterrorism (CT) and homeland security (HS) capabilities. This volume examines the effects the focus on CT and HS has had on law enforcement since 9/11, including organizational changes, funding mechanisms, how the shift has affected traditional crime-prevention efforts, and an assessment of benefits, costs, and future challenges.
Download or read book Popular Justice written by Samuel Walker and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the second edition of this popular book, the author has thoroughly updated his analysis of the history of American criminal justice, exploring the tension between popular passions and the rule of law. Surveying the topic from the colonial era to the present day, Walker examines changing patterns in criminal activity, the institutional development of the system of criminal justice, and the major issues concerning the administration of justice. Comprehensive and concise, this book is the best single volume treatment of American criminal justice.
Download or read book Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 written by United States and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Evolving Strategy of Policing written by George L. Kelling and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proactive Policing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities.
Download or read book Oversight of Federal Programs for Equipping State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oversight of federal programs for equipping state and local law enforcement agencies : hearing before the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session, September 9, 2014.
Download or read book Program Budgeting for Urban Police Services written by Donald C. Shoup and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalog of State and Local Law Enforcement Training Presented by Federal Agencies written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Evaluation of the COPS Program written by Jeffrey A. Roth and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Policing on American Indian Reservations written by Stewart Wakeling and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Homeland Security and Community Policing written by Mohsen S. Alizadeh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of the 9/11, Homeland Security became the major model of the American Policing system, thus superseding community policing model. The purpose of this research is to use "before and after study design" to follow the grant trends of policing systems in order to examine whether the catastrophic events of 9/11 had a positive or negative impact on the grant funds of the mentioned policing models. Preliminary analyses revealed that there is significant difference in the mean level of funding prior and after the event for Homeland Security, community policing, and general policing programs. Segmented and Stepwise Regressions found a negative impact of the event on general policing funds and positive impact of the event on Homeland Security after the event, which shows the proof of shift in the policy. The event's impact on Homeland Security funds at the U.S. level has a strong model. Furthermore, the regression confirms a statistically significant increase in Homeland Security fund trend for New York City after the event. Additionally, the study found the U.S. general policing received less grant money before 9/11 than after the event at both the U.S. and New York level. T-test indicated the significant mean level; and Segmented and Stepwise regression predicted that the fund trend of Homeland security increased after the event. With the results from these analyses, it can be argued that policing policy had a major shift after the event.
