Download or read book Federal Character and Affirmative Action written by Michael Odibeoha and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-14 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nigerian federal character principle was first introduced in the 1979 Constitution (and retained in the 1999 Constitution) as practical solution of Nigeria's perennial ethnic conflict. Unfortunately, the good intentions of the makers of the 1979 Constitution regarding the provision of federal character were misunderstood, abused and thwarted over the years by military regimes and largely also by their democratic successors since 1999. The principle has been left to take different interpretations and to be applied arbitrarily by any government in power. In fact, both to the policy-makers and many Nigerian scholars, the principle should be applied as "affirmative action" and "quota system". Some scholars even confuse it with the principle of federalism. Nigeria's federal character in none of these. The distinction of federal character from the other principles, but especially from affirmative action (in the case, the American version, from where the concept of affirmative action originated), constitutes the central thrust of this work. A critical re-examination of its original constitutional intentions and meaning as a principle of "ethnic engineering" on the one hand, and as a version of "consociational democracy", on the other hand, has been carried out so as to redirect and otherwise laudable principle from being a divisive factor to a unifying one from which it was intended.
Download or read book Affirmative Action written by Alan Marzilli and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some advocates of affirmative action argue that the policy remains necessary in order to make the U.S. workforce more diverse.
Download or read book Affirmative Action written by Ockert Dupper and published by AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Affirmative Action: A View from the Global South provides insight into a range of aspects of the affirmative action policies in seven countries from Africa, Asia, South America and the Middle East. In addition to these national perspectives, important theoretical concepts and international developments on affirmative action are explored.
Download or read book Federal Affirmative Action Law written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Affirmative action remains a focal point of public debate as the result of legal and political developments at the federal, state, and local levels. In recent years, federal courts have reviewed minority admissions programs to state universities in Texas, Georgia, Michigan, and Washington, questioning in general the constitutional status of racial and ethnic diversity policies in public education; ruled on minority preferences in public and private employment as a remedy for violation of civil and constitutional rights; invalidated a Federal Communications Commission policy requiring radio licensees to adopt affirmative minority recruitment and outreach measures; and considered state and local efforts to increase minority group participation as contractors and subcontractors on publicly financed construction projects. Ongoing legal controversy surrounds the Supreme Court's 1995 ruling in Adarand Constructors Inc. v. Pena, setting constitutional standards for race-based affirmative action by the federal government. This report will be updated as necessary.
Download or read book The Affirmative Action Hoax written by Steven Farron and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Debates surrounding Affirmative Action, the public policies and initiatives designed to help eliminate past and present discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, have raged for years. In his book, Professor Farron examines the history of affirmative action and exposes the fraudulent nature of its justification. The Affirmative Action Hoax centers on universities where academic achievement can be clearly compared and where affirmative action generates intense controversy. The Affirmative Action Hoax offers an uninhibited examination of the practice and exposes the damage it causes to society.
Download or read book Institutionalising Ethnic Representation written by Abdul Raufu Mustapha and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Affirmative Action and Preferential Treatment written by Pamela L. Medina and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013-01-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines a survey of federal laws containing preferences based on race, gender, or ethnicity. Affirmative action remains a subject of public debate as the result of legal and political developments at the federal, state, and local levels. In recent years, federal courts have reviewed minority admissions programs to state universities; scrutinized the constitutional status of racial diversity policies in public elementary and secondary schools; ruled on minority preferences in public and private employment as a remedy for violation of civil and constitutional rights; and considered federal, state, and local efforts to increase minority participation as contractors and subcontractors on publicly financed construction projects. Also discussed is affirmative action in the workplace; diversity in public education; race discrimination and the Supreme Court; and pay discrimination claims of the Civil Rights Act.
Download or read book Federal Affirmative Action Law written by Charles V. Dale and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book When Affirmative Action Was White An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth Century America written by Ira Katznelson and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2006-08-17 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking work that exposes the twisted origins of affirmative action. In this "penetrating new analysis" (New York Times Book Review) Ira Katznelson fundamentally recasts our understanding of twentieth-century American history and demonstrates that all the key programs passed during the New Deal and Fair Deal era of the 1930s and 1940s were created in a deeply discriminatory manner. Through mechanisms designed by Southern Democrats that specifically excluded maids and farm workers, the gap between blacks and whites actually widened despite postwar prosperity. In the words of noted historian Eric Foner, "Katznelson's incisive book should change the terms of debate about affirmative action, and about the last seventy years of American history."
Download or read book Affirmative Action written by James S. Peterson and published by Nova Novinka. This book was released on 2005 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Affirmative action remains a focal point of public debate as the result of legal and political developments at the federal, state, and local levels. In recent years, federal courts have reviewed minority admissions programs to state universities in Texas, Georgia, Michigan, and Washington, questioning in general the constitutional status of racial and ethnic diversity policies in public education; invalidated minority preferences in public and private employment as a violation of constitutional and federal statutory rights; defeated a Federal Communications Commission policy requiring radio licensees to adopt affirmative minority recruitment and outreach measures; and nullified state and local efforts to increase minority group participation as contractors and subcontractors on publicly-financed construction projects. Ongoing legal controversy surrounds the Supreme Court's 1995 ruling in Adarand Constructors Inc. v. Pena, setting constitutional standards for race-based affirmative action by the federal government. The case returned to the High Court for a third appearance, as Adarand Constructors Inc. v. issues posed and dismissed the appeal as improvidently granted. This book also provides a broad, but by no means exhaustive, survey of federal statutes and regulations that specifically refer to race, gender, or ethnicity as factors to be considered in the administration of any federal program. Such measures may include, but are not limited to, goals, timetables, set-asides, and quotas, as those terms are generally (however imperfectly) understood.
Download or read book Federal Character written by Adiele Eberechukwu Afigbo and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Affirmative Action Revisited written by Charles V. Dale and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Affirmative Action in Federal Employment Reconciling Government Policy with Federal Law and the Constitution written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1987, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) released Management Directive 714 (MD 714), "Instructions for the Development and Submission of Federal Affirmative Employment Multi-Year Program Plans, Annual Accomplishment Reports, and Annual Plan Updates for FY 1988 through FY 1992" MD 714 remains in effect at this time It requires federal agency heads to establish "affirmative employment programs" (AEP) with agency-wide objectives, ensure all managers are held accountable for the achievement of "affirmative employment objectives," and submit timely "accomplishment reports" and plan updates to the EEOC. Such programs have as their stated aim correcting any "manifest imbalance or conspicuous absence of minorities and women in AN agency's work force." In 1995 the Supreme Court decided Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995). The Court in that case determined that federal racial classifications must serve compelling governmental interests. Since Adarand, federal agencies, including the Department of Defense and the Army have continued to comply or attempt to comply with the requirements of MD 714, even though "affirmative employment" has been widely interpreted to be synonymous with "affirmative action." The reporting and planning requirements of 714 have been delegated down as far as the installation level so that AEPs are drafted, enforced, and reported by equal employment opportunity officers throughout the federal government.
Download or read book Affirmative Action and Racial Preference written by Carl Cohen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2003 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cohen and Sterba, two contemporary philosophers in sharp opposition, debate the value of affirmative action and racial preference. They defend thier views with analysis and commentay on landmark cases - including the decisions of the United States Supreme Court and the University of Michigan admissions cases, Gratz and Grutter.
Download or read book Understanding Modern Nigeria written by Toyin Falola and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-24 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the politics and society of post-colonial Nigeria, highlighting the key themes of ethnicity, democracy, and development.
Download or read book Affirmative Action in American Law Schools written by United States Commission on Civil Rights and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A briefing before the United States Commission on Civil Rights, held in Washington, D.C., June 16, 2006.
Download or read book Mismatch written by Richard Sander and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate over affirmative action has raged for over four decades, with little give on either side. Most agree that it began as noble effort to jump-start racial integration; many believe it devolved into a patently unfair system of quotas and concealment. Now, with the Supreme Court set to rule on a case that could sharply curtail the use of racial preferences in American universities, law professor Richard Sander and legal journalist Stuart Taylor offer a definitive account of what affirmative action has become, showing that while the objective is laudable, the effects have been anything but. Sander and Taylor have long admired affirmative action's original goals, but after many years of studying racial preferences, they have reached a controversial but undeniable conclusion: that preferences hurt underrepresented minorities far more than they help them. At the heart of affirmative action's failure is a simple phenomenon called mismatch. Using dramatic new data and numerous interviews with affected former students and university officials of color, the authors show how racial preferences often put students in competition with far better-prepared classmates, dooming many to fall so far behind that they can never catch up. Mismatch largely explains why, even though black applicants are more likely to enter college than whites with similar backgrounds, they are far less likely to finish; why there are so few black and Hispanic professionals with science and engineering degrees and doctorates; why black law graduates fail bar exams at four times the rate of whites; and why universities accept relatively affluent minorities over working class and poor people of all races. Sander and Taylor believe it is possible to achieve the goal of racial equality in higher education, but they argue that alternative policies -- such as full public disclosure of all preferential admission policies, a focused commitment to improving socioeconomic diversity on campuses, outreach to minority communities, and a renewed focus on K-12 schooling -- will go farther in achieving that goal than preferences, while also allowing applicants to make informed decisions. Bold, controversial, and deeply researched, Mismatch calls for a renewed examination of this most divisive of social programs -- and for reforms that will help realize the ultimate goal of racial equality.
