Download or read book Feasibility Study of Using Water Injection to Reduce Exhaust Emissions in Diesel Engines written by Walter V. Loscutoff and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Injection Feasibility for Boeing 747 Aircraft written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can water injection be offered at a reasonable cost to large airplane operators to reduce takeoff NO( sub x) emissions? This study suggests it may be possible. This report is a contract deliverable to NASA Glenn Research Center from the prime contractor, The Boeing Commercial Airplane Company of Seattle, WA. This study was supported by a separate contract to the Pratt & Whitney Engine Company of Hartford, CT (contract number NNC04QB58P). Aviation continues to grow and with it, environmental pressures are increasing for airports that service commercial airplanes. The feasibility and performance of an emissions-reducing technology, water injection, was studied for a large commercial airplane (e.g., Boeing 747 with PW4062 engine). The primary use of the water-injection system would be to lower NOx emissions while an important secondary benefit might be to improve engine turbine life. A tradeoff exists between engine fuel efficiency and NOx emissions. As engines improve fuel efficiency, by increasing the overall pressure ratio of the engine s compressor, the resulting increased gas temperature usually results in higher NOx emissions. Low-NO(sub x) combustors have been developed for new airplanes to control the increases in NO(sub x) emissions associated with higher efficiency, higher pressure ratio engines. However, achieving a significant reduction of NO(sub x) emissions at airports has been challenging. Using water injection during takeoff has the potential to cut engine NO(sub x) emissions some 80 percent. This may eliminate operating limitations for airplanes flying into airports with emission constraints. This study suggests an important finding of being able to offer large commercial airplane owners an emission-reduction technology that may also save on operating costs. Daggett, David L. Glenn Research Center NNC0466315Q
Download or read book Feasibility of Water Injection for Particulate Removal in Large Turbocharged Diesel Engines written by R. N. Hambright and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1010 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Potential of Water Injection for Gasoline Engines by Means of a 3D CFD Virtual Test Bench written by Antonino Vacca and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water injection is one of the most promising technologies to improve the engine combustion efficiency, by mitigating knock occurrences and controlling exhaust gas temperature before turbine. As result, the engine can operate at stoichiometric conditions over the whole engine map, even during the more power-demanding RDE cycles. Antonino Vacca presents a methodology to study and optimize the effect of water injection for gasoline engines by investigating different engine layouts and injection strategies through the set-up of a 3D-CFD virtual test bench. He investigates indirect and direct water injection strategies to increase the engine knock limit and to reduce exhaust gas temperature for several operating points. Contents Influence of Water Vapour on Flame Speed and Auto-Ignition Optimization of the Water Injector Targeting Mixture Formation Induced by Water Injection Water Injection in Combination with Miller Cycle Target Groups Researchers and students in the field of automotive engineering Automotive engineers About the Author Antonino Vacca obtained a PhD at the research Institute of Automotive Engineering (IFS), University of Stuttgart and he is currently project leader at FKFS (Stuttgart, Germany) responsible for the development of innovative combustion concepts for gasoline and gas engines.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Feasibility of Water Injection for Particulate Removal in Large Diesel Engines Phase II written by R. Burrahm and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1982 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF WATER INJECTION ON THE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS OF A NATURAL GAS DIESEL PILOT ENGINE written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Natural gas has been gaining popularity as an alternative fuel due to its high availability, low CO2 emissions, and low cost. In this experimental study, water injection's impact on medium and heavy-duty engine operation fueled by natural gas and pilot diesel injection for ignition was studied under stochiometric operation for use with a three-way catalytic converter to meet criteria emissions for off-road power generation. To retain high efficiencies, a high compression ratio of 17.3:1 was used. Maintaining stoichiometric operation with a high compression ratio leads to combustion knock, pre-ignition, and high NOx formation. Conventionally, cooled EGR can be used to reduce NOx, but results in increased soot and does not eliminate combustion knock and pre-ignition. As an alternative to EGR this work utilized port injected water to provide on demand charge cooling, successfully reducing both NOx and soot while enabling high-load operation. A combination of both high and low speeds and loads were tested to study the impact of water injection on the emissions and performance of the natural gas, diesel-pilot engine. Additionally, water injections impact on diesel only operation was tested to provide comparison metrics and aid in a better understanding of the mechanisms at work when injecting water in an internal combustion engine. At full load, 16.8 bar BMEP, it was found that a water to fuel ratio of 0.5:1 was sufficient to enabling the knock free operation without significant increase in combustion duration or instability where operating at this load without water resulted in pre-ignition. Increasing the water to fuel ratio to 1:1 enabled a 21 bar BMEP load. At 12.5 bar BMEP, the NOx emission was reduced from 13.5 g/kwh to 7.2 g/kwh with a water to fuel mass ratio of 1.5:1. In addition to solving the high NOx and pre-ignition problem, a water to fuel ratio of 2.5:1 at 16.8 bar BMEP also decreased the soot content in the exhaust by a factor of 3.5 with only a small penalty in efficiency, decreasing break thermal efficiency from 41 to 40%.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Water Injection and Urea SCR Systems for NOx Reduction in Diesel Engines written by Eric R. Snyder and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Diesel engines offer significant advantages over spark-ignited engines in terms of peak torque production, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, and fuel consumption (and associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions known to cause the greenhouse effect). However, lean exhaust conditions render conventional three-way catalysts ineffective, making nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction a considerable challenge. With increasing environmental concerns and stringent pending regulation of diesel exhaust emissions, urea-Selective Catalytic Reduction (urea-SCR) has emerged as a potential technology pathway to meet US 2007/2010 and Euro IV/V NOx emissions criterion. This technology uses ammonia (NH3) generated from aqueous urea as the NOx reducing agent. Water injection in the intake system has also demonstrated the potential for significant reductions in engine-out NOx emissions.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration. Technical Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERDA Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Bioenergy Crop Plants written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-03-22 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the world’s population is projected to reach 10 billion or more by 2100, devastating fossil fuel shortages loom in the future unless more renewable alternatives to energy are developed. Bioenergy, in the form of cellulosic biomass, starch, sugar, and oils from crop plants, has emerged as one of the cheaper, cleaner, and environmentally sustainable alternatives to traditional forms of energy. Handbook of Bioenergy Crop Plants brings together the work of a panel of global experts who survey the possibilities and challenges involved in biofuel production in the twenty-first century. Section One explores the genetic improvement of bioenergy crops, ecological issues and biodiversity, feedstock logistics and enzymatic cell wall degradation to produce biofuels, and process technologies of liquid transportation fuels production. It also reviews international standards for fuel quality, unique issues of biofuel-powered engines, life-cycle environmental impacts of biofuels compared with fossil fuels, and social concerns. Section Two examines commercialized bioenergy crops, including cassava, Jatropha, forest trees, maize, oil palm, oilseed Brassicas, sorghum, soybean, sugarcane, and switchgrass. Section Three profiles emerging crops such as Brachypodium, diesel trees, minor oilseeds, lower plants, Paulownia, shrub willow, sugarbeet, sunflower, and sweet potato. It also discusses unconventional biomass resources such as vegetable oils, organic waste, and municipal sludge. Highlighting the special requirements, major achievements, and unresolved concerns in bioenergy production from crop plants, the book is destined to lead to future discoveries related to the use of plants for bioenergy production. It will assist in developing innovative ways of ameliorating energy problems on the horizon.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information and foreign nonnuclear information.
