Download or read book Feasibility of Using Wood Wastes to Meet Local Heating Requirements of Communities in the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska written by David L. Nicholls and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Feasibility of Using Wood Wastes to Meet Local Heating Requirements of Communities in the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska written by David L. Nicholls and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wood Energy in Alaska written by David L. Nicholls and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass resources in Alaska are extensive and diverse, comprising millions of acres of standing small-diameter trees, diseased or dead trees, and trees having lowgrade timber. Limited amounts of logging and mill residues, urban wood residues, and waste products are also available. Recent wildfires in interior Alaska have left substantial volumes of burned timber, potentially usable for biomass energy. Motivated, in part, by rising fuel prices, organizations across the state -- including businesses, schools, and government agencies -- have all expressed an interest in wood energy applications. Numerous sites have pursued feasibility studies or engineering design analysis, and others have moved forward with project construction. Recent advances in biomass utilization in Alaska have been enabled by numerous factors, and involve various fuel sources, scales of operation, and end products. Already, thermal wood energy systems are using sawmill residues to heat lumber dry kilns, and a public school heating system is in operation. Management policies on national forests and state forests in Alaska could determine the type and amounts of available biomass from managed forests, from wildland-urban interface regions, and from salvage timber operations. Biomass products in Alaska having potential for development are as diverse as wood pellets, cordwood (firewood), compost, wood-plastic composite products, and liquid fuels. In addition, new technologies are allowing for more efficient use of biomass resources for heating and electrical generation at scales appropriate for community power. This case study review considers successes and lessons learned from current wood energy systems in Alaska, and also considers opportunities for future bioenergy development.

Download or read book Contemporary wood utilization research needs in the western United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Alaska Forest Products written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Status of Whitebark Pine Along the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail on the Umpqua National Forest written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book General Technical Report PNW GTR written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cordwood Energy Systems for Community Heating in Alaska written by David L. Nicholls and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood has become an important energy alternative in Alaska, particularly in rural areas where liquid fuel costs can be substantial. In some cases, wood fuel is readily available to communities, increasing the attractiveness of wood energy. Wood energy systems in rural Alaska can also lead to employment gains as well as benefits to local cash economies. Many Alaska villages are now considering wood as a fuel source for community heating, several have completed feasibility studies, and others are moving forward with design and construction activities. Cordwood is readily available in many regions of Alaska, although not always in commercial quantities. However, for many small-scale applications, efficient cordwood systems could be a viable energy option. In this paper, we provide a qualitative review of factors such as wood fuel availability, cordwood system size, wood fuel cost, wood quality, labor, fuel drying, and underground piping. Other general observations are noted, based on case studies of operating cordwood systems in Alaska.

Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book General Technical Report PNW GTR written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cordwood energy systems for community heating in Alaska written by David L. Nicholls and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood has become an important energy alternative in Alaska, particularly in rural areas where liquid fuel costs can be substantial. In some cases, wood fuel is readily available to communities, increasing the attractiveness of wood energy. Wood energy systems in rural Alaska can also lead to employment gains as well as benefits to local cash economies. Many Alaska villages are now considering wood as a fuel source for community heating, several have completed feasibility studies, and others are moving forward with design and construction activities. Cordwood is readily available in many regions of Alaska, although not always in commercial quantities. However, for many small-scale applications, efficient cordwood systems could be a viable energy option. In this paper, we provide a qualitative review of factors such as wood fuel availability, cordwood system size, wood fuel cost, wood quality, labor, fuel drying, and underground piping. Other general observations are noted, based on case studies of operating cordwood systems in Alaska.

Download or read book Use of Wood Energy for Lumber Drying and Community Heating in Southeast Alaska written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inadequate transportation infrastructure and undeveloped markets for sawmill residues in southeast Alaska are among the factors that limit the use of this forest resource. This study considers the potential use of sawmill residues to supply two bioenergy systems that would produce thermal energy for (1) community heating and (2) a lumber dry kiln in Hoonah, Alaska. The proposed community heating system would be a direct combustion system, burning approximately 1,450 green tons (1.315 green metric kilotons) of wood fuel per year to provide heating for seven centrally located buildings in Hoonah. Additional sawmill residues would be used in another system to provide process heat for a proposed 25,000 board foot (41.3 m3) dry kiln. The Hoonah sawmill typically produces as much as 5 million board feet (8,255 m3) of lumber per year, primarily from western hemlock and Sitka spruce. The processing of this amount of lumber would result in an adequate volume of residue to provide a fuel source for the heating requirements of the proposed projects. Wood residue from the sawmill is assumed to be available at no cost other than for transportation. Use of wood fuel for community heating would save an estimated 65,000 gallons (2.47 kL) of heating oil per year. Avoided fuel costs would be approximately $91,500 per year based on No. 2 fuel oil at a market price of $1.40 per gallon ($0.37 per liter). Based on a project life of 25 years and a contingency rate of 25%, the expected after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) for the community heating portion of the project is 29.6%. Total installed costs for the 1,195,000 Btu/h (350 kWthermal) community heating system, including distribution piping and its installation and backup oil systems, are estimated to be $631,000. For the lumber dry kiln, in the second heat-generating system, economic results were less favorable, with expected energy savings of $82,900 per year and an after-tax IRR of 24.1% (also assuming 25% contingency). Estimated installed cost of the 1,536,000 Btu/h (450 kWthermal) dry kiln system with a backup oil system is $513,800.

Download or read book Economic and Environmental Benefits of Community scale Cordwood Hydronic Heaters in Alaska Three Case Studies written by Allen M. Brackley and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, the use of wood for thermal energy in Alaska has grown significantly. Since 2000, nearly 30 new thermal wood-energy installations in Alaska have been established. Cordwood units, burning primarily firewood and other forms of roundwood, have played an integral part in this success and are well suited to many rural communities in Alaska. In this case study, we evaluate cordwood installations located in three geographic regions of Alaska. Included are systems at Coffman Cove (southeast Alaska), Ionia (Kenai Peninsula, Alaska), and Gulkana (south-central Alaska). We considered the wood-energy conversion process, system operation, economics, and carbon benefits of the three cordwood systems. We found that the simple payback period ranged from 1.1 to 14.2 years and the internal rate of return from 8 to 91 percent, and that benefits exceeded costs by a factor of from 1.6 to 17. There were also substantial carbon benefits for cordwood systems. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (relative to those from heating oil) differed by installation from 129 to 259 tons avoided per year, with total reductions of 611 tons of CO2 per year. We also considered secondary benefits of community-scale cordwood energy systems in rural Alaska, including greenhouses for local foods, the ability to create part-time jobs for local residents, and the educational experiences for school students.

Download or read book Port Graham Community Building Biomass Heating Design Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Native Village of Port Graham completed preconstruction activities to prepare for construction and operations of a cord wood biomass heating system to five or more community buildings in Port Graham, Alaska. Project Description Native Village of Port Graham (NVPG) completed preconstruction activities that pave the way towards reduced local energy costs through the construction and operations of a cord wood biomass heating system. NVPG plans include installation of a GARN WHS 3200 Boiler that uses cord wood as fuel source. Implementation of the 700,000 Btu per hour output biomass community building heat utility would heat 5-community buildings in Port Graham, Alaska. Heating system is estimated to displace 85% of the heating fuel oil or 5365 gallons of fuel on an annual basis with an estimated peak output of 600,000 Btu per hour. Estimated savings is $15,112.00 per year. The construction cost estimate made to install the new biomass boiler system is estimated $251,693.47 with an additional Boiler Building expansion cost estimated at $97,828.40. Total installed cost is estimated $349,521.87. The WHS 3200 Boiler would be placed inside a new structure at the old community Water Plant Building site that is controlled by NVPG. Design of the new biomass heat plant and hot water loop system was completed by Richmond Engineering, NVPG contractor for the project. A hot water heat loop system running off the boiler is designed to be placed underground on lands controlled by NVPG and stubbed to feed hot water to existing base board heating system in the following community buildings: 1. Anesia Anahonak Moonin Health and Dental Clinic 2. Native Village of Port Graham offices 3. Port Graham Public Safety Building/Fire Department 4. Port Graham Corporation Office Building which also houses the Port Graham Museum and Head Start Center 5. North Pacific Rim Housing Authority Workshop/Old Fire Hall Existing community buildings fuel oil heating systems are to be retro-fitted to accommodate hot water from the proposed wood-burning GARN Boiler, once installed, and rely on the existing fuel oil-fired hot water heating equipment for backup. The boiler would use an estimated 125 bone dry tons, equivalent to 100 cords, woody biomass feedstock obtained from local lands per year. Project would use local labor as described in the Port Graham Biomass Project, report completed by Chena Power, Inc. and Winters and Associates as part of the in-kind support to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) project for work on a project for State of Alaska's Alaska Energy Authority (AEA). NVPG will likely initiate operations of the biomass boiler system even though several operational variations were studied. Obtaining the fuel source could be done by contractors, PGVC employees, or NVPG employees. Feeding the system would likely be done by NVPG employees. A majority of the buildings heated would be owned by NVPG. The PGVC office would be heated as well as the Old Fire Hall used as a workshop and storage area for North Pacific Rim Housing Authority. One methodology studied to charge for cost of utilizing the community building biomass system would use a percentage of use of hot water generated by the biomass hot water system based on past heating oil usage in relation to all buildings heated by biomass hot water. The method is better described in the Port Graham Biomass Project report. Fuel source agreements have been drafted to enter into agreements with area landowners. One Native allotment owner has asked Chugachmiut Forestry to begin a timber sale process to sell timber off her lands, specifically wind thrown timber that was determined to be of sufficient quantity to supply to the proposed biomass heating system for approximately 5-years. On NVPG's behalf, Chugachmiut has presented to PGVC three different documents, attached, that could lead to a sale of woody biomass fuel for the project for up to 25-years, the expected life of the project. PGVC has signed a lett ...

Download or read book A Study of the Feasibility of Cogeneration Using Wood Waste as Fuel written by W. F. Thorn and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of establishing a wood- and refuse -burning thermal/electrical cogeneration facility in eastern Lewis County, Washington. The work was sponsored by 10 industrial, federal, county and utility organizations and was carried out in a 6 -task, 5 -month program. The types, forms, sources, costs and availability of fuels in the area were studied along with local thermal markets and regional electrical markets. Conceptual designs, including the selection and sizing of the principal pieces of equipment, were developed for both a cogeneration and condensing cycle plant. An assessment was made of the environmental and regulatory requirements applicable to the facilties. The estimated capital and operating costs of each facility were established. Energy costs and standard capital investment economic parameters for various ownership forms were determined. The results of the study clearly indicate the feasibility of establishing a 25 -MW (e) generation facility in this area. The primary location recommended is in the town of Morton, Washington. The cost of producing electrical energy is lowest with the public -utility form of ownership and the first year cost is estimated at 29.0 mills/kWh in 1979 dollars. The overall direct construction cost for a condensing cycle generation plant is estimated at$30,865,200 in 1979 dollars. A Phase II program plan was developed which outlines the requirements and schedule for acquisition of the facility. The Phase II detailed design and construction program is recommended.

Download or read book Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States written by U.S. Global Change Research Program and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the science of climate change and impacts on the United States, for the public and policymakers.