Download or read book Feasibility of CO2 desorption and electrolytic regeneration of potassium carbonate solution in an anion exchange membrane cell written by Daxue Fu and published by OAE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2023-10-23 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, an electrolytic process was introduced for coupled regeneration of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) solution and water electrolysis by using an anion exchange membrane cell. The process made the CO2 separation from O2 much easier with respect to the existing cationic exchange membrane process. The solution of K2CO3 was used in the cathode chamber to simulate the solution after absorbing CO2. The solution of sulfuric acid (0.1 mol/L H2SO4) was charged in the anode chamber. The feasibility of the process was discussed. The effects of various operation parameters, including temperature, current density, and electrolysis time, were studied. The results indicate that both the yield rate of CO2 and the current efficiency increase initially and decrease afterward with temperature. The yield rate of CO2 increases while the current efficiency decreases with the current density. A low current density can reduce the energy consumption for producing the same amount of CO2. The processes using anion exchange membrane electrolysis can regenerate the absorbent solution to achieve 89% current efficiency, and the simultaneous production of three pure gases, CO2, H2, and O2, makes this method promising.
Download or read book Electrochemically Enhanced Amine Regeneration Process for Next Generation Carbon Dioxide Capture written by Yen-Wen Tseng and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resulting of fossil fuel usage, CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased drastically throughout the past century. This increase in CO2 concentration has led to global warming and more frequent extreme weather events that threaten the habitability of the planet. Therefore, it is essential to decrease the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere to mitigate global warming. Post-combustion capture using amine absorbent is one of the most widely used methods, given its feasibility in retrofitting existing fossil fuel-consuming facilities. However, several challenges, including high energy requirements and low cyclic capacity, limit the commercialization of the post-combustion capture technology. In this work, an electrochemically enhanced amine regeneration process is developed to tackle these challenges. The electrochemically enhanced amine regeneration system utilizes the hydrolysis reaction, generating proton and hydroxide to complete an acid- and base-swing regeneration cycle. The electrochemical amine regeneration cell was constructed by stacking multiple ion exchange membranes, acrylic spacers, and rubber gaskets. Several studies were conducted to test, build and optimize the electrochemical amine regeneration system. Amine absorption and desorption baseline were established in different amine-based absorbents to understand the CO2 absorption and desorption profile. Proton-induced CO2 desorption from the absorbent was studied by HCl addition to the CO2-loaded amines. This study validated that complete CO2 desorption can be achieved under ambient temperature. The regeneration of amine by the combination of acid-swing and base-swing was validated by HCl and NaOH addition. The electrochemical cell was then used to perform the acid swing. Different cell structures, exchange membranes, and ionic solutions usage were tested. The acid swing of amine and complete CO2 desorption can be achieved using a four-compartment cell. The base swing of acidified amine was performed by anion exchange. It is validated that electrochemical acid-swing and anion exchange base-swing can successfully regenerate amine. The reabsorption capacity of regenerated amine is the same regardless of the regeneration method used. The optimization study of the electrochemical amine regeneration system focuses on improving energy efficiency and reducing process complexity. Proton requirements for complete CO2 desorption and CO2 loading capacity of various amine absorbents were characterized. It is found that Piperazine has the lowest proton to CO2 ratio, which will result in less energy requirement for electrochemical amine regeneration. A five-compartment electrochemical cell is designed to replace the need for anion exchange resin for base swing. It is validated that the five-compartment cell can complete acid-swing and base-swing to achieve amine regeneration in a continuous operation mode. This cell design reduces the complexity of the process, increases energy efficiency, and facilitates the system's scale-up. In conclusion, an electrochemical amine regeneration system has been developed. Compared to the state-of-art method, it can achieve>80% cyclic capacity with low energy consumption. With further optimization studies, the energy consumption can be further reduced, and this system can potentially serve as the method for the next generation of CO2 capture.
Download or read book Equilibrium Study of the System Potassium Carbonate Potassium Biocarbonate Carbon Dioxide and Water written by John S. Tosh and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental and Theoretical Study of Carbon Dioxide Absorption Into Potassium Carbonate Solution Promoted with Enzyme written by Arezoo Khodayari and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere has increased from its pre-industrial value of 280 parts per million by volume (ppmv) to 384 ppmv. IPCC predicts that CO2 concentration in the atmosphere will rise to 550 ppmv by the year 2100, if anthropogenic emissions continue to increase. The average temperature at the Earth's surface could increase 1.8-4.0K above the 1990 levels by the end of this century. Such warming is anticipated to cause sea level rise, increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, ice shelf disruption, and changes in rainfall patterns. As a result, reducing CO2 emissions from anthropogenic sources is a high priority. Combustion of fossil fuels for power generation is the major contributors of CO2 emission into the environment. Currently, CO2 chemical absorption using monoethanolamine (MEA) as a solvent is the best available option for CO2 capture from flue gas streams. The issue with this technology is the high capture cost which ranges from $50/metric ton to $70/metric ton CO2 avoided. Energy consumption by the process contributes to 60% of the cost. Thus, use of solvents with lower heats of absorption is preferable. A novel process called Integrated Vacuum Carbonate Absorption Process (IVCAP), which employs potassium carbonate (PC) as a solvent, has been proposed. Since chemical affinity of CO2 to K2CO3 is weak compared to MEA, the regeneration of CO2-rich solution can be operated under vacuum at a lower temperature. Hence, a low quality steam from the power plant steam cycle can be used as the heat source for the regeneration. IVCAP process is expected to have 25-30% lower energy requirements as compared to an MEA-based process. However, compared with the MEA solution, PC solutions with low heats of absorption generally exhibit much slower CO2 absorption rates. Hence, a biological catalyst, carbonic anhydrase (CA) was investigated to promote the rate of CO2 absorption into select PC solutions. Experiments were performed in a stirred-tank reactor to evaluate the activity of the CA enzyme under IVCAP conditions. Results revealed that addition of up to 300 mg/l CA enzyme to the PC solutions at 25oC increases the absorption rate by a factor of 6-20 when compared with the same solution without the CA. It was also observed that, the CO2 absorption rates into the aqueous PC solutions with different initial conversion levels of PC to potassium bicarbonate are similar, with differences no larger than 20%, when the concentration of CA enzyme is 300 mg/l. It was also observed that, at the 300 mg/l CA concentration, increasing the temperature from 25oC to 50oC reduces the rate of CO2 absorption, by up to 20%. A mathematical model based on Higbie's penetration theory was developed to simulate the absorption of CO2 into the PC solutions. A comparison of modeled to experimental absorption rates of CO2 provided agreement within 30%. The modeling results revealed that at CA concentrations > 3,000 mg/l, the absorption rate of CO2 is independent of CA concentration. Compared to the enzyme concentration (300 mg/l) used in this study, a further increase of enzyme concentration to a level not larger than 3,000 mg/l could further increase the absorption rate of CO2. Based on the experimental and modeling results obtained in this research, it is recommended that the CO2 absorption rate into PC-CA be further enhanced by improving other parameters such as the activity of CA enzyme and design optimization of the absorption column including the type of packing material. Further work is required to investigate the stability of the CA enzyme at longer test duration and use of immobilized CA enzyme. Effectiveness of the regeneration cycle also needs to be investigated. Further work should also include the test of an integrated absorption/ regeneration system for CO2 capture at a real flue gas condition. 0́3
Download or read book Climate Change 2014 written by Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat. Working group 3 and published by . This book was released on with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermodynamics Of Fluids Measurement And Correlation written by A Anderko and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1990-03-01 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of papers, mostly state-of-the-art reviews, describing main topics of current research in Applied Thermodynamics. The papers deal with measurements of thermodynamic properties which are important for process design in chemical and related industries as well as for theoretical investigations of pure fluids and mixtures. Besides measuring techniques, methods are reviewed for the processing and correlation of experimental data.
Download or read book Energy Efficient Solvents for CO2 Capture by Gas Liquid Absorption written by Wojciech M. Budzianowski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews and characterises promising single-compound solvents, solvent blends and advanced solvent systems suitable for CO2 capture applications using gas-liquid absorption. Focusing on energy efficient solvents with minimal adverse environmental impact, the contributions included analyse the major technological advantages, as well as research and development challenges of promising solvents and solvent systems in various sustainable CO2 capture applications. It provides a valuable source of information for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for chemical engineers and energy specialists.
Download or read book Ion Exchange Membrane Separation Processes written by H Strathmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-01-29 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, membranes and membrane processes are used as efficient tools for the separation of liquid mixtures or gases in the chemical and biomedical industry, in water desalination and wastewater purification. Despite the fact that various membrane processes, like reverse osmosis, are described in great detail in a number of books, processes involving ion-exchange membranes are only described in a fragmented way in scientific journals and patents; even though large industrial applications, like electrodialysis, have been around for over half a century. Therefore, this book is emphasizing on the most relevant aspects of ion-exchange membranes. This book provides a comprehensive overview of ion-exchange membrane separation processes covering the fundamentals as well as recent developments of the different products and processes and their applications. The audience for this book is heterogeneous, as it includes plant managers and process engineers as well as research scientists and graduate students. The separate chapters are based on different topics. The first chapter describes the relevant Electromembrane processes in a general overview. The second chapter explains thermodynamic and physicochemical fundamentals. The third chapter gives information about ion-exchange membrane preparation techniques, while the fourth and fifth chapter discusses the processes as unit operations giving examples for the design of specific plants. First work on the principles and applications of electrodialysis and related separation processes Presently no other comprehensive work that can serve as both reference work and text book is available Book is suited for teaching students and as source for detailed information
Download or read book Ion Exchange Membranes written by Yoshinobu Tanaka and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2015-01-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental study and industrial application of ion exchange membranes started over half a century ago. Through ongoing research and development, ion exchange membrane technology is now applied to many fields and contributes to the improvement of our standard of living. Ion Exchange Membranes, 2nd edition states the ion exchange membrane technology from the standpoint of fundamentals and applications. It discusses not only various phenomena exhibited by membranes but also their applications in many fields with economical evaluations. This second edition is updated and revised, featuring ten expanded chapters. New to this edition is a computer simulation program of ion-exchange membrane electrodialysis for water desalination that provides a guideline for designing, manufacturing and operating a practical-scale electrodialyzer. Meant to replace experiments, this program will be an important asset to those with time and monetary budgets.
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Equilibria and Their Applications written by James N. Butler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide, bicarbonate ion, and carbonate ion comprise the most important acid-base system in natural waters, and the equilibria between them regulate the pH of seawater, as well as most rainwater, stream water, river water, and groundwater. Carbon Dioxide Equilibria and Their Applications provides a clear, compact presentation of this topic,
Download or read book Geo Engineering Climate Change written by J. Michael T. Thompson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-12-10 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to present a detailed and critical appraisal of the geo-scale engineering interventions that have been proposed as potential measures to counter the devastation of run-away global warming. Early chapters set the scene with a discussion of projections of future CO2 emissions and techniques for predicting climate tipping points. Subsequent chapters then review proposals to limit CO2 concentrations through improved energy technologies, removal of CO2 from the atmosphere, and stimulated uptake by the oceans. Schemes for solar radiation management involving the reflection of sunlight back into space and using artificially brightened clouds and stratospheric aerosols are also assessed. Pros and cons of the various schemes are thoroughly examined - throwing light on the passionate public debate about their safety. Written by a group of the world's leading authorities on the subject, this comprehensive reference is essential reading for researchers and government policy makers at Copenhagen and beyond.
Download or read book Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors written by Anil K. Pabby and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on hollow fiber contractors presents an up-to-date compilation of the latest developments and milestones in this membrane technology. Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors: Module Fabrication, Design and Operation, and Potential Applications provides a comprehensive discussion of hollow fiber membrane applications (including a few case studies) in biotechnology, chemical, food, and nuclear engineering. The chapters in this book have been classified using the following, based on different ways of contacting fluids with each other: Gas-liquid contacting; Liquid-liquid contacting; Supported liquid membrane; Supported gas membrane; Fluid-fluid contacting. Other features include: Discusses using non-dispersive solvent extraction, hollow fiber strip dispersion, hollow fiber supported liquid membranes and role of process intensification in integrated use of these processes Provides technical and economic perspectives with several case studies related to specific scenarios Demonstrates module fabrication, design, operation and maintenance of hollow fiber contactors for different applications and performance Presents discussion on newer concepts like membrane emulsification, membrane nanoprecipitation, membrane crystallization and membrane condenser Special focus on emerging areas such as the use of hollow fiber contactor in back end of nuclear fuel cycle, membrane distillation, dehumidification of air and gas absorption and stripping Discusses theoretical analysis including computational modeling of different hollow fiber membrane processes, and presents emphasis on newly developed area of hollow fiber membrane based analytical techniques Presents discussion on upcoming area dealing with hollow fiber contactors-based technology in fermentation and enzymatic transformation and in chiral separations This book is equally suited for newcomers to the field, as well as for engineers and scientists that have basic knowledge in this field but are interested in obtaining more information about specific future applications.
Download or read book Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry 42 written by Constantinos G. Vayenas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-08 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume analyzes and summarizes recent developments in several key interfacial electrochemical systems in the areas of fuel cell electrocatatalysis, electrosynthesis and electrodeposition. The six Chapters are written by internationally recognized experts in these areas and address both fundamental and practical aspects of several existing or emerging key electrochemical technologies. The Chapter by R. Adzic, N. Marinkovic and M. Vukmirovic provides a lucid and authoritative treatment of the electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of Ruthenium, a key element for the devel- ment of efficient electrodes for polymer electrolyte (PEM) fuel cells. Starting from fundamental surface science studies and interfacial considerations, this up-to-date review by some of the pioneers in this field, provides a deep insight in the complex catalytic-electrocatalytic phenomena occurring at the interfaces of PEM fuel cell electrodes and a comprehensive treatment of recent developments in this extremely important field. Several recent breakthroughs in the design of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes and cathodes are described in the Chapter of H. Uchida and M. Watanabe. The authors, who have pioneered several of these developments, provide a lucid presentation d- cribing how careful fundamental investigations of interfacial electrocatalytic anode and cathode phenomena lead to novel electrode compositions and microstructures and to significant practical advances of SOFC anode and cathode stability and enhanced electrocatalysis.
Download or read book Power to Gas Technology and Business Models written by Markus Lehner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-18 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased production of energy from renewable sources leads to a need for both new and enhanced capacities for energy transmission and intermediate storage. The book first compares different available storage options and then introduces the power-to-gas concept in a comprehensive overview of the technology. The state of the art, advancements, and future requirements for both water electrolysis and methanation are described. The integration of renewable hydrogen and methane into the gas grid is discussed in terms of the necessary technological measures to be taken. Because the power-to-gas system is very flexible, providing numerous specific applications for different targets within the energy sector, possible business models are presented on the basis of various process chains taking into account different plant scales and operating scenarios. The influence of the scale and the type of the integration of the technology into the existing energy network is highlighted with an emphasis on economic consequences. Finally, legal aspects of the operation and integration of the power-to-gas system are discussed.
Download or read book Carbon Capture written by Jennifer Wilcox and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book approaches the energy science sub-field carbon capture with an interdisciplinary discussion based upon fundamental chemical concepts ranging from thermodynamics, combustion, kinetics, mass transfer, material properties, and the relationship between the chemistry and process of carbon capture technologies. Energy science itself is a broad field that spans many disciplines -- policy, mathematics, physical chemistry, chemical engineering, geology, materials science and mineralogy -- and the author has selected the material, as well as end-of-chapter problems and policy discussions, that provide the necessary tools to interested students.
Download or read book Electro Fenton Process written by Minghua Zhou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-25 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses the theoretical fundamentals and potential applications of the original electro-Fenton (EF) process and its most innovative and promising versions, all of which are classified as electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. It consists of 15 chapters that review the latest advances and trends, material selection, reaction and reactor modeling and EF scale-up. It particularly focuses on the applications of EF process in the treatment of toxic and persistent organic pollutants in water and soil, showing highly efficient removal for both lab-scale and pre-pilot setups. Indeed, the EF technology is now mature enough to be brought to market, and this collection of contributions from leading experts in the field constitutes a timely milestone for scientists and engineers.
Download or read book Ion Exchange Membranes written by Toshikatsu Sata and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various separation membranes have been developed since their discovery over half a century ago, providing numerous benefits and fulfilling many applications in our everyday lives. They lend themselves to techniques ranging from microfiltration and gas separation, to what can be considered as the most advanced technique - ion exchange. This book, aimed at academic researchers, engineers and industrialists, contains a brief history of ion exchange and goes on to explain the preparation, characterization, modification and applications of these important membranes. Discussions include the use of ion exchange in analytical and medical techniques, as well as the development of future applications.
