Download or read book The Dependence of Phase Formation in Fe Cr Mn Alloys on Cold Work Aging and Alloy Composition written by Y. Okazaki and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High manganese and high chromium steels are attractive as low activation materials for fusion reactors. The microstructural stability of Cr-Mn steels during long term service at around 873 K, however, is not yet fully understood. This study is aimed toward the study of changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-(12 to 16%)Cr-(10 to 30%)Mn alloys during aging in the temperature range from 773 K to 973 K for up to 3.6 Ms(1000 hrs).
Download or read book High Manganese High Nitrogen Austenitic Steels written by R. A. Lula and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 1993 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings contain the papers presented at two conferences held at ASM International's Materials Week DEGREES87 and Materials Week DEGREES92 respectively. Most of the 1987 papers deal with the properties of various high-manganese steels for specific use: valve steels, free-machining steels,
Download or read book Reduced Activation Austenitic Stainless Steels written by RL. Klueh and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nickel-free manganese-stabilized stainless steels are being developed for fusion reactor applications. As the first part of this effort, the austenite-stable region in the Fe-Mn-Cr-C system was determined. Results indicated that the Schaeffler diagram developed for Fe-Ni-Cr alloys cannot be used to predict the constituents expected for high manganese steels. This indicator is true because manganese is not as strong an austenite stabilizer relative to ?-ferrite formation as predicted by the diagram, but it is a stronger austenite stabilizer relative to martensite than predicted. Therefore, the austenite-stable region for Fe-Mn-Cr-C alloys occurs at lower chromium and higher combinations of manganese and carbon than predicted by the Schaeffler diagram. Development of a manganese-stabilized stainless steel should be possible in the composition range of 20 to 25% manganese, 10 to 15% chromium, and 0.1 to 0.25% carbon. Tensile behavior of an Fe-20%Mn-12%Cr-0.25%C alloy was determined. The strength and ductility of this possible base composition was comparable to Type 316 (UNS 531600) stainless steel in both the solution-annealed and cold-worked condition.
Download or read book High Nitrogen Steels written by Valentin G. Gavriljuk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic research and new manufacturing methods have led to high nitrogen steels (HNS), a promising new group of materials for use in advanced applications in mechanical and chemical engineering. The book deals with the atomic structure, constitution, properties, manufacturing and application of martensitic, austenitic, duplex and dualphase steels of superior strength and corrosion resistance. Combining metallurgy and engineering aspects. It gives a detailed overview and presents new results on HNS. The book is intended for scientists as well as technologists, who will find stimulating information.
Download or read book Corrosion of Fe Cr Mn Alloys in Thermally Convective Lithium written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of austenitic Fe-Cr-Mn steels was exposed to circulating lithium at temperatures up to 500°C. Two groups of the alloys, which contained 12 to 30 wt % Mn and 2 to 20 wt % Cr, were sequentially exposed for periods greater than 3000 h in a type 316 stainless steel thermal convection loop. Mass transfer of manganese caused very large weight losses from the steels containing 30 wt % Mn. However, the actual magnitude of corrosion losses for alloys containing 12 to 20 wt % Mn was difficult to establish due to competing surface reactions involving chromium.
Download or read book Manganese in Powder Metallurgy Steels written by Andrej Šalak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-13 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work in three parts presents a summary of the sintered manganese steel properties from 1948 to 2011 involving processing conditions and other characteristics. In the first and third part are given results attained by the authors based on their finding that manganese (cheapest element) during sintering evaporates and by this the vapour cleans the sintering atmospheres from humidity. The second part presents other positive properties of manganese steels in spite of the doubt of oxidation of manganese during sintering and by this excluding the sintering manganese steels what hinderd the use of manganese in production of sintered parts. All results confirm that only manganese vapour according to finding of the authors ensures effective sintering of manganese steels and parts independently on the authors mind. It follows finally from the work that manganese is possible to use for alloying of powder steels sintered also in practice in H/N atmospheres with low purity and also in pure nitrogen - cheaper than hydrogen without some of the associated problems. Current trends in the field are also presented to the reader.
Download or read book Reduced activation Austenitic Stainless Steels written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nickel-free manganese-stabilized steels are being developed for fusion-reactor applications. As the first part of this effort, the austenite-stable region in the Fe--Mn--Cr--C system was determined. Results indicated that the Schaeffler diagram developed for Fe--Ni--Cr--C alloys cannot be used to predict the constituents expected for high-manganese steels. This is true because manganese is not as strong an austenite stabilizer relative to delta-ferrite formation as predicted by the diagram, but it is a stronger austenite stabilizer relative to martensite than predicted. Therefore, the austenite-stable region for Ne--Mn--Cr--C alloys occurs at lower chromium and hugher combinations of manganese and carbon than predicted by the Schaeffler diagram. Development of a manganese-stabilized stainless steel should be possible in the composition range of 20 to 25% Mn, 10 to 15% Cr, and 0.01 to 0.25%C. Tensile behavior of an Fe--20%Mn--12%Cr--0.25%C alloy was determined. The strength and ductility of this possible base composition was comparable to type 316 stainless steel in both the solution-annealed and cold-worked condition.
Download or read book Austenitic Steels at Low Temperatures written by T. Horiuchi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for alternate energy sources has led to the develop ment of prototype fusion and MHD reactors. Both possible energy systems in current designs usually require the use of magnetic fields for plasma confinement and concentration. For the creation and maintenance of large 5 to 15 tesla magnetic fields, supercon ducting magnets appear more economical. But the high magnetic fields create large forces, and the complexities of the conceptual reactors create severe space restrictions. The combination of re quirements, plus the desire to keep construction costs at a mini mum, has created a need for stronger structural alloys for service at liquid helium temperature (4 K). The complexity of the required structures requires that these alloys be weldable. Furthermore, since the plasma is influenced by magnetic fields and since magnet ic forces from the use of ferromagnetic materials in many configur ations may be additive, the best structural alloy for most applica tions should be nonmagnetic. These requirements have led to consideration of higher strength austenitic steels. Strength increases at low temperatures are achieved by the addition of nitrogen. The stability of the austenitic structure is retained by adding manganese instead of nickel, which is more expensive. Research to develop these higher strength austenitic steels is in process, primarily in Japan and the United States.
Download or read book Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Welded Fe Cr Mn Low activation Stainless Steels for Fusion Reactor Applications written by Ivan J. Eldridge and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Stainless Steels written by Donald Peckner and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1977 with total page 1182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stainless Steel written by R. A. Lula and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 1986 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen Effects in Austenitic Stainless Steel Based on the Fe Cr Mn N System written by George R. Jr Caskey and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IRON Binary Phase Diagrams written by O. Kubaschewski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the official dinner of a· meeting in May 1939, I was seated next to Max Hansen. When I congratulated him on the well deserved success of his "Aufbau der Zweistoff-Legierungen", he smiled: "yes, it was a struggle with the hydra, and so it has taken me seven years", meaning that whenever he had thought to have finished the phase diagram of a particular system, new evidence would turn up like the new heads of the Greek monster. There is no need to point out the importance of assessed phase diagrams to metallurgists or even anyone concerned with the technology and applica tion of metals and alloys. The information contained therein is fundamental to considerations concerning the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of alloys. Hansen's German monograph was followed by a revised English edition in 1958 with K. Anderko and the supplements by R.P. Elliott (1965) and F.A. Shunk (1969). All those who have made use of these volumes will admit that much diligent labour has gone into this work, necessary to cope with the ever increasing number of publications and the consequent improvements.
Download or read book Austenitic Stainless Steels written by Wojciech Borek and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-12-20 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stainless steel is still one of the fastest growing materials. Today, the austenitic stainless steel with the classic composition of 18% Cr and 8% Ni (grade 304L) is still the most widely used by far in the world. The unique characteristic of stainless steel arises from three main factors. The versatility results from high corrosion resistance, excellent low- and high-temperature properties, high toughness, formability, and weldability. The long life of stainless steels has been proven in service in a wide range of environments, together with low maintenance costs compared to other highly alloyed metallic materials. The retained value of stainless steel results from the high intrinsic value and easy recycling. Stainless steel, especially of austenitic microstructure, plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development nowadays, so it is also important for further generations.
Download or read book Effects of Hydrogen and Deformation on Structure and Properties of Fe Cr Ni Mn N Steels written by J Liu and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Performance Stainless Steels written by Curtis W. Kovach and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Precipitation Sensitivity to Alloy Composition in Fe Cr Mn Austenitic Steels Developed for Reduced Activation for Fusion Application written by RL. Klueh and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special austenitic steels are being designed in which alloying elements like molybdenum, niobium, and nickel are replaced with manganese, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, and/or tantalum to reduce the long-term radioactivity induced by fusion reactor irradiation. However, the new steels still need to have properties otherwise similar to commercial steels like Type 316. Precipitation strongly affects strength and radiation-resistance in austenitic steels during irradiation at 400 to 600°C, and precipitation is also usually quite sensitive to alloy composition. The initial stage of development was to define a base Fe-Cr-Mn-C composition that formed stable austenite after annealing and cold-working, and resisted recovery or excessive formation of coarse carbide and intermetallic phases during elevated temperature annealing. These studies produced a Fe-12Cr-20Mn-0.25C base alloy. The next stage was to add the minor alloying elements titanium, vanadium, phosphorous, and boron for more strength and radiation-resistance. One of the goals was to produce fine MC precipitation behavior similar to the Ti-modified Fe-Cr-Ni prime candidate alloy (PCA). Additions of Ti + V + P + B produced fine MC precipitation along network dislocations and recovery/re-crystallization resistance in 20% cold-worked material aged at 800° for 168 h, whereas tungsten, titanium, W + Ti, or Ti + P + B additions did not. Addition of W +Ti + V + P + B also produced fine MC, but caused some ? phase formation and more recrystallization as well. These new alloys, therefore, achieved several of the initial design goals. Their fine MC precipitation and recovery/recrystallization behavior during aging is similar to that of the PCA. Calculations show that the new steels have over 103 times less long-term radioactivity than Type 316.
