Download or read book Fc Mediated Antibody Functions and Fc Receptor Polymorphism written by Guido Ferrari and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-28 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fc Mediated Antibody Functions and Fc Receptor Polymorphism Volume II written by Guido Ferrari and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-05-29 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cancer Therapeutic Targets written by John L. Marshall and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, we have experienced an explosion of new information about cancer therapeutic targets. Many of the targets have been validated by the discovery and approval of new medicines which have been approved for the treatment of cancer. On the heels of these successes, innumerable new targets and new potential therapeutics are being developed by many different groups including government agencies, pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, academic institutions, and individual investigators. Understanding the expanding "universe" of cancer therapies is therefore becoming impossible and no single source exists which serves as a reference for the involved parties. Further, the interested parties have vastly different areas of expertise, from focused laboratory based science, to clinical research, to corporate and regulatory oversight. The text would be updated every two years, more often depending on pace of change, interest and sales. While useful online, this reference book would likely be kept in hard copy as well.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Menna R. Clatworthy and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fcγ receptors (FcγR) mediate many effector functions of antibody and are critical for defense against pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in both activating and inhibitory FcγR genes that affect either the binding affinity for IgG or receptor function. Reviewing the available evidence from murine knockout mice, in vitro studies utilizing human cells, and genetic studies in humans, the current view on the role of FcγR polymorphisms in susceptibility to infection will be summarized here. Genetic studies have often yielded conflicting results, which may be due to small sample size or the inherent difficulties associated with genotyping the FCGR locus, or they may reflect differences in the functional importance of interactions between FcγR and its ligands (IgG versus CRP) in differing clinical manifestations of infectious disease. The engagement of the inhibitory FcγR limits the proinflammatory response initiated by FcγR ligation. FCGR polymorphisms that favor activating FcγR may result in excessive inflammation that is deleterious to the host, despite its efficacy in eliminating the pathogen. Overall, pathogen encounter is likely to be the main factor driving the retention of FCGR polymorphisms within the gene pool. Evidence suggests that potent infections, such as malaria, have exerted a significant evolutionary pressure on the maintenance and prevalence of FcγR polymorphisms in different populations.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Margaret Ackerman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibody Fc is the first single text to synthesize the literature on the mechanisms underlying the dramatic variability of antibodies to influence the immune response. The book demonstrates the importance of the Fc domain, including protective mechanisms, effector cell types, genetic data, and variability in Fc domain function. This volume is a critical single-source reference for researchers in vaccine discovery, immunologists, microbiologists, oncologists and protein engineers as well as graduate students in immunology and vaccinology. Antibodies represent the correlate of protection for numerous vaccines and are the most rapidly growing class of drugs, with applications ranging from cancer and infectious disease to autoimmunity. Researchers have long understood the variable domain of antibodies, which are responsible for antigen recognition, and can provide protection by blocking the function of their target antigen. However, recent developments in our understanding of the protection mediated by antibodies have highlighted the critical nature of the antibody constant, or Fc domain, in the biological activity of antibodies. The Fc domain allows antibodies to link the adaptive and innate immune systems, providing specificity to a wide range of innate effector cells. In addition, they provide a feedback loop to regulate the character of the immune response via interactions with B cells and antigen-presenting cells. Clarifies the different mechanisms of IgG activity at the level of the different model systems used, including human genetic, mouse, and in vitro Covers the role of antibodies in cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmunity and in the setting of monoclonal antibody therapy as well as naturally raised antibodies Color illustrations enhance explanations of the immune system
Download or read book Roles of Fc Receptors in Disease and Therapy written by Latha P. Ganesan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Peter Sun and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular mechanisms of antibody-mediated Fc receptor activation have long been an interest in both Fc receptor biology and antibody therapeutics. The structural efforts to elucidate antibody recognition by Fc receptors have led to the generation of several crystal structures of antibody Fc fragments complexed with Fc receptors. Collectively, these structures revealed a conserved receptor binding mode for IgG and IgE, distinct from those for the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), protein A, and protein G. Fcγ receptor recognition in the lower hinge region allows enhanced antigen recognition through dimeric Fabs but obligates immune-complex formation for receptor activation. It also provides the basis for Fcγ receptors to differentiate among IgG subclasses. More recently, pentraxins have also been shown to bind and activate Fc receptors, and structural efforts to elucidate pentraxin Fcγ receptor recognition have revealed surprising similarities between pentraxins and immunoglobulins in Fc receptor recognition. This review summarizes the structural findings that formed the basis of modern antibody–Fc receptor biology and recent advances of shared Fc receptor recognition by innate pentraxins.
Download or read book Therapeutic Antibody Engineering written by William R Strohl and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of antibody engineering has become a vital and integral part of making new, improved next generation therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, of which there are currently more than 300 in clinical trials across several therapeutic areas. Therapeutic antibody engineering examines all aspects of engineering monoclonal antibodies and analyses the effect that various genetic engineering approaches will have on future candidates. Chapters in the first part of the book provide an introduction to monoclonal antibodies, their discovery and development and the fundamental technologies used in their production. Following chapters cover a number of specific issues relating to different aspects of antibody engineering, including variable chain engineering, targets and mechanisms of action, classes of antibody and the use of antibody fragments, among many other topics. The last part of the book examines development issues, the interaction of human IgGs with non-human systems, and cell line development, before a conclusion looking at future issues affecting the field of therapeutic antibody engineering. Goes beyond the standard engineering issues covered by most books and delves into structure-function relationships Integration of knowledge across all areas of antibody engineering, development, and marketing Discusses how current and future genetic engineering of cell lines will pave the way for much higher productivity
Download or read book Fc Receptors written by Marc Daeron and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a state-of-the-art update on Fc Receptors (FcRs). It is divided into five parts. Part I, Old and New FcRs, deals with the long-sought-after FcμR and the recently discovered FCRL family and TRIM21. Part II, FcR Signaling, presents a computational model of FcεRI signaling, novel calcium channels, and the lipid phosphatase SHIP1. Part III, FcR Biology, addresses major physiological functions of FcRs, their glycosylation, how they induce and regulate both adaptive immune responses and inflammation, especially in vivo, FcR humanized mice, and the multifaceted properties of FcRn. Part IV, FcRs and Disease, discusses FcR polymorphism, FcRs in rheumatoid arthritis and whether their FcRs make macaques good models for studying HIV infection. In Part V, FcRs and Therapeutic Antibodies, the roles of various FcRs, including FcγRIIB and FcαRI, in the immunotherapy of cancer and autoimmune diseases using monoclonal antibodies and IVIg are highlighted. All 18 chapters were written by respected experts in their fields, offering an invaluable reference source for scientists and clinicians interested in FcRs and how to better master antibodies for therapeutic purposes.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Marije B. Overdijk and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, lack of specificity for cancer cells has been a major problem in cancer treatment; however, the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which combine high specificity with multiple mechanisms of action (MoAs), started a revolution in anti-cancer treatment options which continues to date. As of January 2013, 15 major antibody products were being marketed for cancer treatment in various countries around the globe, 10 of which are unmodified mAbs, which generally have multiple potential MoAs and may act via direct, Fab-domain-related effects or indirect, Fc-domain-related effects. Fc-domain-related effects consist of immune-mediated effector functions, which include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). ADCC and ADCP depend on the engagement of Fcγ-receptors (FcγR) on immune effector cells by Fc-domains clustered due to antibody–antigen binding. Similarly, CDC depends on the engagement of proteins of the complement system by clustered antibody Fc domains. In this chapter, preclinical and clinical studies with approved anti-cancer mAbs are reviewed, with an emphasis on the role of FcγR-mediated effector functions. The importance of therapeutic antibody–FcγR interactions for human treatment can be deduced from correlations of clinical responses with FcγR polymorphisms, results supported by a wealth of preclinical and in vitro studies.
Download or read book Antibody Glycosylation written by Marija Pezer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes recent advances in antibody glycosylation research. Covering major topics relevant for immunoglobulin glycosylation - analytical methods, biosynthesis and regulation, modulation of effector functions - it provides new perspectives for research and development in the field of therapeutic antibodies, biomarkers, vaccinations, and immunotherapy. Glycans attached to both variable and constant regions of antibodies are known to affect the antibody conformation, stability, and effector functions. Although it focuses on immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most explored antibody in this context, and unravels the natural phenomena resulting from the mixture of IgG glycovariants present in the human body, the book also discusses other classes of human immunoglobulins, as well as immunoglobulins produced in other species and production systems. Further, it reviews the glycoanalytical methods applied to antibodies and addresses a range of less commonly explored topics, such as automatization and bioinformatics aspects of high-throughput antibody glycosylation analysis. Lastly, the book highlights application areas ranging from the ones already benefitting from antibody glycoengineering (such as monoclonal antibody production), to those still in the research stages (such as exploration of antibody glycosylation as a clinical or biological age biomarker), and the potential use of antibody glycosylation in the optimization of vaccine production and immunization protocols. Summarizing the current knowledge on the broad topic of antibody glycosylation and its therapeutic and biomarker potential, this book will appeal to a wide biomedical readership in academia and industry alike. Chapter 4 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book The Immunoglobulin Receptors and their Physiological and Pathological Roles in Immunity written by Jan G.J. Winkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibodies are crucial to the fine specificity of the immune system. An effective functioning of these molecules requires interaction with immune cells. Receptors for antibodies, Fc receptors, provide this critical link between the humoral and cellular branches of the immune system. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the different Fc receptors currently recognized. The first part of the book contains state-of-the-art overviews on the biological role of FcR. The latest information on FcR heterogeneity, FcR physiology, FcR-ligand recognition, their crucial coordinating role in immunity, interactions with other immunoreceptors, and the role of FcR in immunoglobulin transport and catabolism are discussed. The clinical importance of FcR is developed in the second part of the book. The well-recognized roles of FcR in allergy, inflammation, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and immunotherapeutic importance are reviewed. The information in this book is easily accessible and should be helpful for researchers and clinical specialists as a convenient overview of the field, as well as a comprehensive introduction for students starting in this area of research.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Joseph U. Igietseme and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fc receptor (FcR)-dependent effector functions of antibodies contribute significantly to protective immunity against microbial pathogens and tumors. Therefore, FcR-mediated immunological processes constitute a key component of the immune system’s defense armamentaria for maintaining the biological and physiological integrity of the mammalian host who is yoked with frequent encounters with infections and neoplasia. The direct effector functions that result from FcR triggering are phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and induction of inflammation; also, FcR-mediated processes provide immunoregulation and immunomodulation that augment T-cell immunity and fine-tune immune responses against antigens. This plasticity of effector and immunoregulatory functions provides unique opportunities to apply FcR-based platforms and immunotherapeutic regimens for vaccine delivery and drug targeting against infectious and non-infectious diseases. This chapter focuses on the protective immunological processes resulting from antibody or immune complex binding to FcRs on effector cells (i.e., NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, PMNs, and eosinophils), as well as innovative strategies to apply these mechanisms in immunotherapy, vaccine, and drug delivery against infectious and non-infectious diseases. Deleterious immune reactivity associated with FcR engagement, including immune complex diseases, allergic reactions due to IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils, or facilitation of microbial infectivity, such as antibody-mediated enhancement of infections, are outside the focus of this review.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Victor Raúl Gómez Román and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), also called antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is an immune mechanism through which Fc receptor-bearing effector cells can recognize and kill antibody-coated target cells expressing tumor- or pathogen-derived antigens on their surface. Numerous associations between ADCC activity, Fc receptor polymorphisms, and clinical outcomes have been observed in both the settings of vaccination and monoclonal antibody therapy. Here, the effector cells and receptors involved in ADCC are introduced, followed by a description of the four main stages and mechanisms leading to the antibody-dependent effector-mediated killing of the target cell: (1) Recognition of the target cell and Fc receptor cross-linking on the surface of the effector cell; (2) phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) by cellular src kinases within the effector cell; (3) triggering of three main downstream signaling pathways in the effector cell, resulting in cytotoxic granule polarization and release; and (4) killing of the target cell via the predominant perforin/granzyme cell death pathway. Further, a summary and a discussion are presented in relation to case studies in which in vitro ADCC activity correlates with protection against infectious diseases and outcomes in monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer in vivo . The means by which these mechanisms are currently being exploited by recombinant antibody engineering, and a path toward a future in which designed vaccines take advantage of variant ADCC activity are also discussed. Throughout the chapter, attention is drawn to the fact that, while the majority of ADCC studies have been based on research using peripheral blood mononuclear cells in which NK cells have been assumed to be the main effectors, questions remain unanswered about ADCC mediated by non-NK cell populations in peripheral blood and in mucosal compartments.
Download or read book Human IgG Fc Receptors written by Jan G. J. van de Winkel and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Function of Antibodies written by Roy Jefferis and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed description of all kinds of therapeutic antibodies including IgGs, IgAs, IgEs, and IgMs, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor antibodies, and antibody fragments. Details about how each of these antibodies interact with their ligands, the immune system, and their targets are provided. Additionally, this book delves into the details of antibody, Fc, and variable chain structures, and how subtle changes in structure, charge, flexibility, post-translational modification, and the ability to bind to natural antibody ligands can result in a significant impact on antibody activity and functionality. Finally, the book explains the critical quality attributes of modern therapeutic antibodies and how to ensure that antibodies entering development have the best possible chance of success.
Download or read book Biosimilars of Monoclonal Antibodies written by Cheng Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing a significant need by describing the science and process involved to develop biosimilars of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs, this book covers all aspects of biosimilar development: preclinical, clinical, regulatory, manufacturing. • Guides readers through the complex landscape involved with developing biosimilar versions of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs • Features flow charts, tables, and figures that clearly illustrate processes and makes the book comprehensible and accessible • Includes a review of FDA-approved mAb drugs as a quick reference to facts and useful information • Examines new technologies and strategies for improving biosimilar mAbs
