Download or read book Fatty Acid Digestion Synthesis and Metabolism in Broiler Chickens and Pigs written by Willem Smink and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health written by Guoyao Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino acids (AAs) are not only building blocks of protein, but are also signalling molecules as well as regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation cascade. Additionally, AAs are key precursors for syntheses of hormones and low-molecular weight nitrogenous substances with each having enormous biological importance. For example, physiological concentrations of AA metabolites (e.g., nitric oxide, polyamines, glutathione, taurine, thyroid hormones, and serotonin) are required for cell functions. Growing evidence shows that humans and animals have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs. Mammals, birds and fish also have species- and age-dependent needs for some AA-related substances. However, elevated levels of other products (e.g., ammonia, homocysteine, H2S, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) are pathogenic factors for neurological disorders, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, optimal amounts of AAs and their ratios in diets and circulation are crucial for whole body homeostasis and health. Adequate provision of one or a mixture of functional AAs or metabolites may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle (e.g., fetal growth restriction, neonatal morbidity and mortality, weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction and wasting syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility). Dietary supplementation of these nutrients can also optimize the efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, and athletic performance, while preventing excess fat deposition and reducing adiposity. Therefore, functional AAs hold great promise in improving the growth, health and well-being of individuals. Chapter 7 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Fatty Acids and Glycerides written by A. Kuksis and published by Springer. This book was released on 1978-04-01 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances in lipid biochemistry over the past 25 to 30 years have been dramatic and exciting. The elucidation of the pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis and oxidation, the delineation of the biogenesis of cholesterol from small-molecular weight precursors, the structure proof of simple and complex lipids from plants, animals, and microorganisms, are excellent examples of the spectacular advances made during the golden era of lipid biochemistry. The multifaceted discoveries in these diverse areas of study could be attributed to development of highly sophisticated column chromatographic techniques for separation and purification of simple and complex lipids. The advent of thin-layer chromatography as well as gas liquid chromatography provided an explosive impetus to research developments in this field. Concomitant advances in mass spectrometry allowed an interface with gas-liquid chromatography which spawned even greater insight into the structure of lipids. These eventful days of lipid chemistry nearly 25 years ago led to a relatively quiescent period wherein scientists applied these newly available techniques to investigation of the behavior of isolated (lipid) enzyme systems and to unraveling the intricacies of the metabolic behavior of lipids in the intact cell or whole organisms. Then, in the early 1960s, a decided change in research emphasis developed with the advent of a simple, reproducible procedure for the isolation of cell membranes.
Download or read book Lipid Metabolism and the Broiler Chicken written by Brian A. Head and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In broiler chickens, hepatic lipid metabolism plays a significant role in whole body and muscle fatty acid (FA) incorporation. Flax seed is a rich source of [alpha]-linolenic acid and can be used to increase n-3 FA in poultry meat. Previous studies have shown that flax seed in combination with carbohydrase enzymes in broiler diets enhances long chain (LC) n-3 FA in hepatic tissue. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of flax seed and carbohydrase enzyme addition on production performance, total tract lipid digestibility, hepatic fatty acid composition, liver lipid class distribution and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. In Experiment 1, broiler chicks were placed in individual cages and fed isocaloric, isonitrogenous corn-soy diets: Control, Flax (10% flax), and Flax+E (Flax+0.05% enzyme). The diets were fed for a period of 42 days. Total tract digestibility of lipids and FA were assessed from day 19 to 21 of growth. There was no effect of diet on production performance characteristics, including final body weight (BW) or yield of cut-up parts. Flax-based diets reduced total tract lipid digestibility (p
Download or read book Fatty Acid Metabolism in Poultry written by Reza Poureslami and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases underline I) increasing MUFA intake (mainly 18:1n-9) at the expense of SFA intake (mainly 16:0) and II) increasing n-3 LC PUFA intake. Chicken egg and meat are natural sources of n-3 LC PUFA, and their consumption contributes to the intake of these semi-essential nutrients. Many efforts have been made to improve their fatty acid composition however, some aspects remain uncertain. The specific objectives of the present PhD thesis were [1] to study metabolism of fatty acids (accumulation and bioconversion efficiency) in broiler chickens and the impact of dietary fatty acids composition, and animal factors on the fatty acid metabolism, [2] to study the effect of animal factors together with diet on the fatty acid composition of muscles and organs in broiler chickens and [3] to study the interaction effects of dietary fatty acids on the egg yolk fatty acid composition. To fulfill these objectives, three experiments were carried out of which one trial was performed on broiler chicken and the two others on laying hens.
Download or read book Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition written by Hélène Lapierre and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-09-04 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development in agricultural sciences, particularly in farm animal sciences, resulted in the increased productivity to meet the demand for high quality and relatively cheap protein sources for human nutrition. In parallel, this increased productivity challenges the adequate supply of nutrients, including protein and energy, needed to cover not only high performances, but also insure animal health and welfare, reproduction and quality of products in a sustainable environment. The precise understanding of the animal biology is crucial for animal health and welfare, sustainable animal production, and health of animal product consumers. This book focuses on combining basic and applied research and its practical applications. To achieve these goals, many important topics are presented and discussed in detail. The most important issues in this book are: physiological aspects of protein and energy metabolism and nutrition; animal health and welfare metabolic related issues; effect of feeds and feed processing on energy and protein digestion and metabolism; methodological aspects of research on protein and energy metabolism; environment protection and enhancement of the quality and health-promoting features of animal products. This book constitutes a good source of knowledge for those who like to be up to date with the newest trends and findings in energy and protein metabolism in farm animals.
Download or read book Commercial Poultry Nutrition written by S. Leeson and published by Nottingham University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering a variety of essential topics relating to commercial poultry nutrition and production—including feeding systems and poultry diets—this complete reference is ideal for professionals in the poultry-feed industries, veterinarians, nutritionists, and farm managers. Detailed and accessible, the guide analyzes commercial poultry production at a worldwide level and outlines the importance it holds for maintaining essential food supplies. With ingredient evaluations and diet formulations, the study's compressive models for feeding programs target a wide range of commercially prominent poultry, including laying hens, broiler chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, and game birds, among others.
Download or read book Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Broiler Chickens written by Jaime Bautista Ortega and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three experiments were conducted in broiler hens to study the influence of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on egg quality, antioxidant status in progeny, and eicosanoid production in tissue. The objective of experiment 1 was to determine the effect of hen age and dietary n-3 PUFA on egg quality and hatchability. Two-hundred-twenty breeder chicks (males and females) (Cobb Breeders) were raised until 20 weeks of age following the company guidelines. At this age, 3 groups of birds (24 breeder hens and 3 roosters) were randomly allocated to one of the following dietary treatments: 3.5% sunflower oil (Low n-3 diet), 1.75% sunflower oil + 1.75% fish oil (Medium n-3 diet) or 3.5% fish oil (High n-3 diet). Egg quality was evaluated at 29, 37 and 45 weeks of age by determining total egg weight, its components (albumen, yolk and shell) and shell thickness. Total fat content in the yolk and its fatty acid profile was also determined. Egg production was recorded daily. Breeder hens fed the High n-3 diet laid lighter eggs with lighter yolks, albumens and shells than those fed the Medium and Low n-3 diets (p
Download or read book The Chemistry of Milk and Milk Products written by Megh R. Goyal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Milk and milk products are highly nutritious, yet their low acidity provides a favorable environment for growth of pathogenic and spoilage-causing organisms. To avoid this, milk requires specialized processes to be converted into various milk products to ensure safety and quality. This new volume provides an understanding of the manufacturing processes of milk products and the structural, physicochemical, and compositional changes that occur during manufacturing and storage of milk products and the impact on quality. It covers methods of conversion of milk into high-value, concentrated, extended shelf-life and easily transportable dairy products. It delves into the constituents and chemistry, physicochemical properties, and therapeutic characteristics of milk and milk products, and then goes on to present specialized processing methods. Specialized methods such as proteolysis in ultra-high temperature (UHT), heat and acid coagulation of milk products, processing and characteristics of dry dairy milk powders, and methods to monitor pesticide residues in milk and milk products are presented and evaluated.
Download or read book Effect of Feeding Regimen and Age on Lipid Metabolism in Broiler Breeder Hens and Progeny written by Nirun Boonsinchai and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Age of hens and feed allocation can affect egg yolk lipid compositions which in turn directly relate to chick quality. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effects of age and feeding programs on lipid metabolism in breeder hens and progeny. In the first trial, the rate of yolk absorption and fatty acid profiles in the yolk were compared among 28, 35, and 49wk old hens. The results revealed that the rate of yolk absorption was higher, but the absolute amount of fatty acids absorbed was lower in young hens than in the old hens. The second trial was hypothesized that young breeder hens synthesis egg yolk lipids from amino acids. The results indicated that both glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids as well as glucose were used as a substrates for de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in young hens. The third experiment was set to compare the rate of DNL between young (28wk) and old (40wk) breeder hens as well as their progeny. The results suggested that the rate of DNL was higher in young hens than the old ones. At 7d of age, progeny from old breeder hens illustrated the higher rate of DNL than those chicks from the young hens. The fourth trial was conducted to determine the partitioning of lipids into adipose tissue of 7-day-old chicks. At hatch, yolk-derived lipid was the main lipid in adipose tissue, while the feed-derived and DNL lipids play a bigger role after hatch. The fifth trial was conducted to determine the effect of palmitic acid supplementation. Palmitic acid showed positive effect on hatchability at early phase of production cycle with increasing of monounsaturated fatty acids in fresh yolk. The last trial was set to test the effect of various feeding programs on egg production and progeny growth as well as economic traits. The slower feed increase before peak production with feed adding at peak, and the normal feed increases to peak production with feed adding at 35wk of age showed the best egg production (169 and 171 eggs/HH, respectively) and economic trait expressing as cost for producing a dozen of eggs ($1.21 and $1.22/dozen eggs), whereas the practical feed withdraw program showed the worst effects (148 eggs/HH and $1.29/dozen eggs)
Download or read book The Interaction between Digestive Tract Microbes and Hosts in Poultry written by Shourong Shi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-09 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metabolic Modifiers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Download or read book Production Absorption and Metabolic Fate of Fatty Acids in Pigs Fed High fiber Diets written by SAYMORE PETROS. NDOU and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the use of agro-industrial co-products has significantly increased in pig diets resulting in increased dietary fiber. It is, however, intriguing that nutrient utilization and performance are depressed if pigs consume nutritionally balanced high-fiber diets that are composed of co-products plus supplementary fat. The first study indicated that addition of soluble fiber from Flaxseed meal (FM) and insoluble fiber from Oat hulls (OH) in pig diets increased intestinal VFA and BA contents but reduced fecal fat digestibility and induced variable effects on the histological characteristics, and composition and function of digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota in gastrointestinal segments. Moreover, soluble fiber from FM depressed growth performance. The second study showed that soluble fiber from FM and insoluble fiber from OH reduced, ileal digested energy, FA digestibility, and absorption, gastrointestinal flows of FA and excretion of BA and both dietary fiber sources induced variable effects on digestibility of DF fractions, hindgut VFA production and fecal flows of unsaturated FA. The third study investigated the interactive effects of DF solubility and lipid type on digestibility of DF and FA, and flows of FA and BA in the ileum, cecum and colon, and VFA production and absorption in the cecum and colon of growing pigs. The production and absorption of VFA and DF fermentability in the cecum and colon was greater in pigs fed soluble fiber from Pectin compared to those fed insoluble fiber from Cellulose, and beef tallow supplementation depressed fermentation compared to corn oil. The interaction between DF solubility and lipid type modulates digestibility of lipids, flows of FA and BA and fermentability of DF fractions but differs for soluble and insoluble fiber, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Lastly, the fourth study revealed that soluble from FM and insoluble fiber from OH increased the VFA uptake, and transportation and induced comparable effects on expressions of mRNA of colonic and hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism. Taken together, soluble and insoluble fiber reduce fatty acids digestibility and induce variable effects on growth performance, intestinal fermentation, histomorphology, expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and gastrointestinal microbiota composition.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Poultry written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic reference for poultry nutrition has been updated for the first time since 1984. The chapter on general considerations concerning individual nutrients and water has been greatly expanded and includes, for the first time, equations for predicting the energy value of individual feed ingredients from their proximate composition. This volume includes the latest information on the nutrient requirements of meat- and egg-type chickens, incorporating data on brown-egg strains, turkeys, geese, ducks, pheasants, Japanese quail, and Bobwhite quail. This publication also contains new appendix tables that document in detail the scientific information used to derive the nutrient requirements appearing in the summary tables for each species of bird.
Download or read book Poultry Production in Hot Climates written by N. J. Daghir and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives an overview of the poultry industry in the warm regions of the world and covers research on breeding for heat resistance. And highlights some of the findings on nutrient requirements of chickens and turkeys.
Download or read book Raising Commercial Dairy Calves An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice E Book written by R. M. Thornsberry and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-03-03 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, guest editors Drs. R. M. Thornsberry, Alois (Al) F. Kertz, and Jim K. Drackley bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Raising Commercial Dairy Calves. Focusing on the care of commercial dairy calves and the commercial dairy calf industry, top experts in the field cover key topics such as predicting post-weaning dairy calf performance; the practicing veterinarian’s role in the veal calf industry; viral and bacterial causes of intestinal disease in young dairy calves: acceptable control measures; cryptosporidiosis; and more. Contains 14 relevant, practice-oriented topics including changing demographics of the commercial dairy calf industry; acceptable young calf vaccination strategies; dairy calf nutrition through weaning: recent research findings; nutritional programs for commercial replacement dairy heifer operations; predicting pre-weaning dairy calf performance: the calf toolkit; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on raising commercial dairy calves, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Download or read book Poultry Nutrition written by Vincenzo Tufarelli and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Special Issue is to publish high quality papers concerning poultry nutrition and the interrelations between nutrition, metabolism, microbiota and the health of poultry. Therefore, I invite submissions of recent findings, as original research or reviews, on poultry nutrition, including, but not limited to, the following areas: the effect of feeding on poultry meat end egg quality; nutrient requirements of poultry; the use of functional feed additives to improve gut health and immune status; microbiota; nutraceuticals; soybean meal replacers as alternative sources of protein for poultry; the effects of feeding poultry on environmental impacts; the use of feed/food by-products in poultry diet; and feed technology.
