Download or read book Fatigue Limit Stress A New and Superior Criterion for Life Rating of Rolling Bearing Materials written by TA. Harris and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rolling bearings are rated for their capabilities to withstand rolling contact fatigue. All other means of bearing failure are considered preventable through proper attention to bearing manufacture, mounting, lubrication, and minimization of contaminant ingress. The standard methods for calculation of rolling bearing capacities and fatigue lives are based on the 1947 and 1952 publications of Lundberg and Palmgren. They defined separate material factors for ball bearings and roller bearings fabricated from 52100 steel, through-hardened to at least 58 Rockwell C; the fatigue life predictions, were strongly influenced by these capacity-multiplying factors. The standard was in use for less than five years, when it became apparent bearings fabricated from ever-cleaner materials; for example vacuum degassed and vacuum melted steels, were out-performing standard life predictions. Moreover, tapered and cylindrical roller bearings routinely fabricated from carburizing steels such as SAE 4118, 4320, 8620, etc. were not directly covered by the standards. This deficiency is accommodated by the use of material-life factors applied to the Lundberg-Palmgren life equations. The Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE) recommends the use of separate material-life factors to cover basic steel metallurgy, heat treatment, and metal shaping. It has been demonstrated that, together with other life factors for lubrication effectiveness and contamination, this cascading of life factors is insufficiently accurate to predict life because in most cases, these effects on bearing endurance are interdependent.
Download or read book Bearing Steel Technology written by John M. Beswick and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just as sushi can be made with any kind of rice, so bearings can be made with any kind of steel, but the discerning can tell the difference, and will not be back for seconds. Here 34 papers from an international symposium in Phoenix look at developments in the process for making steel suitable for b
Download or read book Life Ratings for Modern Rolling Bearings written by Roger Barnsby and published by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a calculation method for applying the life rating procedure for ball and roller bearings. This guide includes both surface and subsurface failure modes and the effects on bearing life of material, residual stress, lubrication and contamination in addition to applied loading.
Download or read book Rolling Bearing Material Quality Fatigue Testing Material Quality Life Factors written by H. Krock and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rolling contact fatigue testing of low oxygen, high quality, rolling bearing steels is a major challenge to steel makers, bearing producers and end users. Material specimen based rolling contact fatigue tests were used for a number of years, mainly as acceptance tests. Often in this type of test, the applied contact stress exceeds the stress normally found in rolling bearing applications and also exceeds the limit stress for rapid cyclic micro-plastic groove formation in the rolling contact. For these reasons the established methods have limited ability to discriminate material quality effects in modern high cleanliness rolling bearing materials. Furthermore, the results of tests based on a material specimen are difficult to translate into life calculation factors for the bearings. In this paper a novel test method is presented and used to determine the effect of steel internal cleanliness on the performance of rolling bearings. To achieve this result considerable care is required in the preparation of the test elements, the selection of the specific test conditions and in the analysis of the results. This work also led to an ability to determine the dependence of steel quality on the steel making processes. Material cleanliness is characterized using the statistics of extreme values of the micro-inclusion size population allowing the steel cleanliness quality rating to be related directly to the fatigue performance of rolling bearings through the introduction of a material cleanliness factor ?. The expected bearing life performance for materials with different inclusion size ratings can thus be calculated. Results correlate well with measurements demonstrating that the quality rating of the material can now be reliably included in standard bearing life calculations.
Download or read book Rolling Contact Fatigue Testing of Bearing Steels written by J. J. C. Hoo and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1982 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preliminary Studies of Rolling contact Fatigue Life of High temperature Bearing Materials written by Thomas L. Carter and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A preliminary investigation of the of rolling-contact fatigue life of both races and balls of some promising high-temperature bearing materials were made at room temperature in the rolling-contact fatigue spin rig.
Download or read book Rolling Bearing Analysis 2 Volume Set written by Tedric A. Harris and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-11-02 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the last four decades, Tedric Harris' Rolling Bearing Analysis has been the "bible" for engineers involved in rolling bearing technology. Why do so many students and practicing engineers rely on this book? The answer is simple: because of its complete coverage from low- to high-speed applications and full derivations of the underlying mathematics from a leader in the field. Updated, revamped, and reorganized for the new millennium, the fifth incarnation of this classic reference is the most modern, flexible, and interactive tool in the field. What makes this edition so revolutionary? For starters, the coverage is split conveniently into two books: Essential Concepts of Bearing Technology introduces the fundamentals involved in the use, design, and performance of rolling bearings for more common applications; Advanced Concepts of Bearing Technology delves into more advanced topics involving more dynamic loading, more extreme conditions, and higher-speed applications. Furthermore, each book in this edition includes a CD-ROM that contains numerical examples as well as tables of dimensional, mounting, and life-rating data obtained from ABMA/ANSI standards. Whether you are interested in the mathematics behind the empirical values or methods for estimating the effects of complex stresses on fatigue endurance, Rolling Bearing Analysis, Fifth Edition compiles the techniques and the data that you need in a single, authoritative resource.
Download or read book Failsafe Rating of Ball Bearing Components written by GE. Hollox and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods used traditionally throughout the bearing industry to calculate the life of rolling bearings predict a finite life under all conditions of application, even at very low contact stresses. More recently, endurance tests on heavily loaded 6309 deep-groove ball bearings have demonstrated that virtually infinite fatigue life is a practical reality for some applications, provided that bearings are accurately manufactured from high-quality steel. Accordingly, a new method to calculate rolling contact fatigue life has been developed in which an effective fatigue limit has been introduced. Metallographic and X-ray analysis of the highly stressed subsurface volumes of tested bearings have shown that a critical stress exists for a given material and test condition, below which microplastic deformation, transformation of retained austenite, and the development of residual stresses and texture do not take place, consistent with the concept of a fatigue limit.
Download or read book Bearing Steel Technology written by John M. Beswick and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2007 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rolling Contact Fatigue Testing Bearing Life Prediction and Steel Properties written by Thore B. Lund and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few rolling bearing users realize that the fundamentals of bearing life predictions are based on experimental data derived under conditions very different from the ones generally used in RCF testing today. The basic life formulas derived in the 1940s largely were based on tests run on steel with very different characteristics than the materials used to produce bearing components today. Still, the fundamental life calculations are based on the (C/P)n concept, which was experimentally derived by Lundberg and Palmgren (Lundberg, G. and Palmgren, A., "Dynamic Capacity of Rolling Bearings," Acta Polytech. Scand., Mech. Eng. Ser., Volume 1, No. 3, 1947), even if the basic equation has been expanded and adjusted to reflect the lives recorded for modern bearings and to incorporate the concept of a fatigue limit (Ioannides, E., Bergling, G., and Gabelli, A., "An Analytical Formulation for the Life of Rolling Bearings," Acta Polytech. Scand., Mech. Eng. Ser., Volume 137, 1999, pp. 9-12, 21-24). In an attempt to better understand the premature and unpredictable failures that sometimes occur in certain industrial applications today, the test procedures used by Lundberg and Palmgren have been revisited, and data have been derived that might contribute to an understanding of the short lives sometimes experienced in certain industrial bearing applications. Based on this test procedure, a better understanding of the development of micro-crack associated plastic deformations at non-metallic inclusions also has been gained. The propensity of different non-metallic inclusions to drive the formation and growth of micro-cracks has been studied in detail, and this knowledge has been used to develop steel that is less prone to butterfly development and micro-crack growth under very high contact stress conditions. Today's bearing life prediction models presume that the Palmgren-Miner rule of accumulated damage is globally applicable. Experimental data questioning this assumption are presented.
Download or read book Rolling Bearing Life Prediction Past Present and Future written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Life Theories for Rolling element Bearings written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A New Stress based Fatigue Life Model for Rolling Bearings written by Wei-Kuei Yu and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rolling Bearings Explanatory Notes on ISO 281 Modified Rating Life Calculation Based on a Systems Approach to Fatigue Stresses written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2009-01-31 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rolling bearings, Bearings, Ball bearings, Roller bearings, Radial bearings, Dynamic loading, Loading, Load capacity, Ratings, Life (durability), Reliability, Mathematical calculations, Fatigue
Download or read book Rolling Bearing written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Material Properties on Bearing Steel Fatigue Strength written by H. Schlicht and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If rolling bearings are subjected to rolling contact stressing in case they are operated under elastohydrodynamic conditions, the formation of spalling in the raceway and consequently the failure of the rolling bearing are a result of fatigue of the material. Material properties have different effects on the rolling bearing life, depending on the contact pressure. Stressing conditions, therefore, must be precisely defined in order to describe these effects. A hypothesis, based on information obtained from the published literature and from our own research, is presented on the failure mechanism of bearings, the formation of spalling after subsurface cracks. The effect of material properties such as material discontinuities, strength, and residual stresses are discussed.
Download or read book Rolling Contact Fatigue Life Evaluations of Bearing Materials written by P. L. Colcord and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
