Download or read book Fate Transport and Risk Assessment of Biosolids borne Triclosan TCS written by Manmeet Waria and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No significant leaching of TCS occurred beyond the biosolids incorporation depth of 0 to 2.5 cm in amended soil. A preliminary (multi-pathway, multi-target) risk assessment identified American woodcock as the most sensitive species. A tier-2 assessment, utilizing less conservative estimates, suggested minimal risk of biosolids-borne TCS to human and environmental health, when biosolids are land applied in a sustainable manner.

Download or read book Zakboekje van Teunis van Boven written by and published by . This book was released on 1892 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Fate of Triclocarban and Triclosan in Municipal Biosolid Processing Systems Biosolid Amended Soils and Biosolid Remediation with Biochar written by Temitope Adebimpe Ogunyoku and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosolids are treated sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), rich in nutrients and organic matter, and often land applied to increase soil productivity. In the United States, biosolids must meet pathogen, vector reduction, and metals standards before land application but there are currently no regulations governing organic contaminants in biosolids destined for land application. Emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, steroids, and hormones, have been detected at high concentrations in biosolids. Runoff and leaching of these chemicals into receiving waters and/or groundwater might pose human health and environmental risks. Triclocarban (TCC) and Triclosan (TCS) are antiseptic chemicals found in personal care products that have been detected in biosolids at high concentrations and frequency and that are suspected to cause negative effects on mammals and aquatic organisms. The overall objective of this research was to study the fate and transport of TCS and TCC in sewage sludge and land applied biosolids. Municipal biosolid processing systems were examined to determine their effectiveness in removing TCC and TCS. The ranges in percent removal for TCC and TCS in the digester systems were 15 - 68 % and 20 - 75 %, respectively, but residual concentrations were still relatively high (> 1.6 mg/kg). Longer solid retention time provided better removal. Rates of desorption, a key process in the fate and effects of chemicals following land application, of TCC and TCS were measured both from biosolids and aged biosolid amended soils. The desorption rate parameters were obtained by fitting the data to a two - site release model. For the majority of the experiments, the first order rate constants for the fast and slow desorption domains were on the order of 10−1/h and 10−3/h, respectively. TCS desorbed more rapidly than TCC from all sorbents. Desorption rates of TCC and TCS decreased the longer the chemicals were in contact with the biosolids and soils. Desorption rates of both chemicals were slower for biosolids that were added to soil with higher organic matter content. Biochar (i.e. pyrolyzed biomass) was investigated as a potential remediation material to sequester desorbed organic contaminants from biosolids. Adsorption isotherms were determined for biosolid amended soil, biochar, and biosolid amended soil with different quantities of biochar. Biochar addition enhanced the adsorption of both chemicals to the biosolid amended soils, with doses of 10 - 80 and 10 - 40 g biochar/kg biosolid amended soils required to reduce the initial aqueous concentrations of TCC and TCS by 25 %, respectively, suggesting that this method may be a promising means of minimizing the bioavailability and transport of hydrophobic organic chemicals in biosolids.

Download or read book Contaminants in Land applied Biosolids written by Ben D. Giudice and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies are described in which the fate and transport of contaminants in land-applied biosolids was characterized via direct measurements and then modeled successfully. Additionally, the effects of one such contaminant, triclocarban (TCC), were investigated in a freshwater mudsnail. Rainfall simulations were conducted on soil plots amended with biosolids. Surface runoff and leachate was collected and analyzed for the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) bisphenol A, 17[alpha]-ethynylestradiol, triclocarban, triclosan, octylphenol, and nonylphenol; sixteen metals; and estrogenic activity via the ER-CALUX bioassay. Triclosan, nickel, and copper were detected at levels that might pose risk to aquatic life, though levels of metals in the biosolids were well below regulatory limits. ER-CALUX results were mostly explained by background bisphenol A contamination and octylphenol, though unknown contributors and/or matrix effects were also found. An existing model, Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems (GLEAMS), was modified to include addition of a biosolids phase with labile organic carbon (distinct from soil organic carbon), and was used to predict the fate and transport of trace organic contaminants from land-applied biosolids. The model was calibrated using existing data from literature studies, including experiments described in above, and showed good agreement for acetaminophen, ibuprofen, triclosan, triclocarban, and estrone with reasonable input parameters. It was then applied to various theoretical scenarios using chemicals of varied properties to examine the effects of K[oc] and half-life, application date, and application method (surface spreading vs. incorporation) on long-term chemical losses. The effects of TCC were studied in the freshwater mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum. After 4 weeks exposure, environmentally relevant TCC concentrations of 1.6 to 10.5 [mu]g/L resulted in statistically significant increases in the number of unshelled embryos, while 0.2, 1.6, and 10.5 [mu]g/L exposures significantly increased numbers of shelled embryos. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 0.2 [mu]g/L, the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was 0.05 [mu]g/L, and the median effective concentration (EC50) for unshelled effects was 2.5 [mu]g/L. Results indicate that TCC may be causing reproductive effects in the environment. Furthermore, environmental risk from a new class of EDCs is both qualitatively and quantitatively similar to risk from existing classes of EDCs.

Download or read book Wastewater and Biosolids Management written by Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater and Biosolids Management covers a wide range of current, new and emerging topics in wastewater and biosolids. The book addresses the theoretical and practical aspect of the reuse and looks to advance our knowledge on wastewater reuse and its application in agricultural production. The book aims to present existing modern information about wastewater reuse management based on earlier literature on the one hand and recent research developments, many of which have not so far been implemented into actual practice on the other. It combines the practical and theoretical knowledge about ‘wastewater and biosolids management’ and in this sense it is useful for researchers, students, academicians as well as for professionals.

Download or read book Guidelines for Environmental Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosolids (appropriately treated sewage sludge) can make an important contribution to sustainable environmental management, through the return of organic material, trace elements, moisture and nutrients to our soils. The Guidelines for Environmental Management: Biosolids Land Application enables this beneficial use of biosolids, by providing a management framework that ensures any chemical and microbiological risks are appropriately managed.

Download or read book Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment written by M. Silvia Díaz‐Cruz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers an overview of the occurrence and distribution of personal care products in continental and marine waters, presents analytical methods and degradation technologies and discusses their impact on human health. Experts from different disciplines highlight major issues for each family of compounds related to their occurrence in the water column as well as in solid and biota samples, methodological strategies for their analysis, non-conventional degradation technologies, (eco)toxicity data and their human and environmental risk assessment. The book also includes a general introduction to personal care products, covering their properties, use, behaviour and regulatory framework, and a final chapter identifying knowledge gaps and future research trends. It will appeal to experts from various fields of research, including analytical and environmental chemistry, toxicology and environmental engineering.

Download or read book Emerging Pollutants in the Environment written by Marcelo Larramendy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book, Emerging Pollutants in the Environment Current and Further Implications, includes overviews by significant researchers on the topic of emerging pollutants toxicology, which covers the hazardous effects of common emerging xenobiotics employed in our every day anthropogenic activities. We hope that this book will meet the expectations and needs of all those who are interested in the negative implications of several emerging pollutants on living species.

Download or read book Xenobiotics in the Soil Environment written by Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the vast variety of xenobiotics, such as pesticides, antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes, agrochemicals and other pollutants, their interactions with the soil environment, and the currently available strategies and techniques for soil decontamination and bioremediation. Topics covered include: transport mechanisms of pollutants along the Himalayas; use of earthworms in biomonitoring; metagenomic strategies for assessing contaminated sites; xenobiotics in the food chain; phyto-chemical remediation; biodegradation by fungi; and the use of enzymes and potential microbes in biotransformation. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable guide for scientists in the fields of environmental ecology, soil and food sciences, agriculture, and applied microbiology.

Download or read book Physical and Chemical Processes in the Aquatic Environment written by Erik R. Christensen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is need in environmental research for a book on fresh waters including rivers and lakes. Compared with other books on the topic, this book has a unique outline in that it follows pollution from sources to impact. Included in the text is the treatment of various tracers, ranging from pathogens to stable isotopes of elements and providing a comprehensive discussion which is lacking in many other books on pollution control of natural waters. Geophysical processes are discussed emphasizing mixing of water, interaction between water and the atmosphere, and sedimentation processes. Important geochemistry processes occurring in natural waters are described as are the processes specific to nutrients, organic pollutants, metals, and pathogens in subsequent chapters. Each of these chapters includes an introduction on the selected groups, followed by the physicochemical properties which are the most relevant to their behavior in natural waters, and the theories and models to describe their speciation, transport and transformation. The book also includes the most up to date information including a discussion on emerging pollutants such as brominated and phosphate flame retardants, perflurochemicals, and pharmaceutical and personal care products. Due to its importance an ecotoxicology chapter has been included featuring molecular biological methods, nanoparticles, and comparison of the basis of biotic ligand model with the Weibull dose-response model. Finally, the last chapter briefly summarizes the regulations on ambient water quality.

Download or read book Cancer Risk Assessment written by Ching-Hung Hsu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-08 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a weight-of-the-evidence approach, cancer risk assessment indentifies hazards, determines dose-response relationships, and assesses exposure to characterize the true risk. This book focuses on the quantitative methods for conducting chemical cancer risk assessments for solvents, metals, mixtures, and nanoparticles. It links these to the basic toxicology and biology of cancer, along with the impacts on regulatory guidelines and standards. By providing insightful perspective, Cancer Risk Assessment helps researchers develop a discriminate eye when it comes to interpreting data accurately and separating relevant information from erroneous.

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada

Download or read book Post Treatments of Anaerobically Treated Effluents written by Vinay Kumar Tyagi and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anaerobic process is considered to be a sustainable technology for organic waste treatment mainly due to its lower energy consumption and production of residual solids coupled with the prospect of energy recovery from the biogas generated. However, the anaerobic process cannot be seen as providing the ‘complete’ solution as its treated effluents would typically not meet the desired discharge limits in terms of residual carbon, nutrients and pathogens. This has given impetus to subsequent post treatment in order to meet the environmental legislations and protect the receiving water bodies and environment. This book discusses anaerobic treatment from the perspective of organic wastes and wastewaters (municipal and industrial) followed by various post-treatment options for anaerobic effluent polishing and resource recovery. Coverage will also be from the perspective of future trends and thoughts on anaerobic technologies being able to support meeting the increasingly stringent disposal standards. The resource recovery angle is particularly interesting as this can arguably help achieve the circular economy. It is intended the information can be used to identify appropriate solutions for anaerobic effluent treatment and possible alternative approaches to the commonly applied post-treatment techniques. The succeeding discussion is intended to lead on to identification of opportunities for further research and development. This book can be used as a standard reference book and textbook in universities for Master and Doctoral students. The academic community relevant to the subject, namely faculty, researchers, scientists, and practicing engineers, will find the book both informative and as a useful source of successful case studies.

Download or read book Fungal Applications in Sustainable Environmental Biotechnology written by Diane Purchase and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi are distinct eukaryotic organisms renowned for their remarkable biodiversity and extensive habitat range. Many fungal species have long been exploited for food and medicines. This volume considers other important applications of fungal biotechnology especially in an environmental context, showcasing the essential contributions of these amazingly versatile organisms. It explores how fungi offer sustainable solutions to tackle various environmental concerns. Written by eminent experts in their fields, this work presents a broad array of current advances and future prospects in fungal environmental biotechnology and discusses their limitations and potential. The book is organized in five parts, each addressing a theme of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG): strengthen food security (Zero Hunger), wastewater treatment (Clean Water & Sanitation), pollution reduction (Life on Land), biofuel production (Affordable & Clean Energy) and biosynthesis of novel biomolecules (Responsible Consumption & Production).

Download or read book Handbook of Microalgae Based Processes and Products written by Eduardo Jacob-Lopes and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Microalgae-based Processes and Products provides a complete overview of all aspects involved in the production and utilization of microalgae resources at commercial scale. Divided into four parts (fundamentals, microalgae-based processes, microalgae-based products, and engineering approaches applied to microalgal processes and products), the book explores the microbiology and metabolic aspects of microalgae, microalgal production systems, wastewater treatment based in microalgae, CO2 capture using microalgae, microalgae harvesting techniques, and extraction and purification of biomolecules from microalgae. It covers the largest number of microalgal products of commercial relevance, including biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, single-cell protein, single-cell oil, biofertilizers, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, bioactive proteins, peptides and amino acids, bioactive polysaccharides, sterols, bioplastics, UV-screening compounds, and volatile organic compounds. Moreover, it presents and discusses the available engineering tools applied to microalgae biotechnology, such as process integration, process intensification, and techno-economic analysis applied to microalgal processes and products, microalgal biorefineries, life cycle assessment, and exergy analysis of microalgae-based processes and products. The coverage of a broad range of potential microalgae processes and products in a single volume makes this handbook an indispensable reference for engineering researchers in academia and industry in the fields of bioenergy, sustainable development, and high-value compounds from biomass, as well as graduate students exploring those areas. Engineering professionals in bio-based industries will also find valuable information here when planning or implementing the use of microalgal technologies. - Covers theoretical background information and results of recent research. - Discusses all commercially relevant microalgae-based processes and products. - Explores the main emerging engineering tools applied to microalgae processes, including techno-economic analysis, process integration, process intensification, life cycle assessment, and exergy analyses.

Download or read book Sensors in Water Pollutants Monitoring Role of Material written by D. Pooja and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-24 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the sensitivity, selectivity, and response times of different sensor materials and their potential application in the design of portable sensor systems for monitoring water pollutants and remediation systems. Beginning with an overview on water pollutants and analytical methods for their detection, the book then moves on to describing the advances in sensor materials research, and the scope for their use in different types of sensors. The book lays emphasis on techniques such as colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical, and biological sensing of conventional and emerging pollutants. This book will serve as a handy guide for students, researchers, and professional engineers working in the field of sensor systems for monitoring water pollutants to address various challenges.

Download or read book Emerging and Priority Pollutants in Rivers written by Helena Guasch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enduring changes in the aquatic environment and the increasing influx of contaminants call for novel conceptual and methodological approaches to relating chemical pollution and ecological alterations in ecosystems. This volume highlights the latest advances concerning the sampling, analyses, occurrence, bioavailability, and effects of emerging and priority pollutants in European rivers, the current status of the River Management Plans in Europe, and the applicability of the newly developed techniques for water monitoring purposes. The topics are discussed in the context of the EU Water Framework Directive, evaluating their shortcomings and providing a basis for doing away with them. Linking scientific research and river management practices, this book is an invaluable source of information for environmental chemists, aquatic scientists, ecologists and water managers.