Download or read book Fate and Effects of Marine and Sewage derived Organic Matter in Mid shelf Sediments Offshore Sydney written by Gary Philip Bickford and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Sewage derived Organic Matter on Sediment Sub cores Collected Offshore Sydney written by Gary Philip Bickford and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Sewage derived Organic Matter on Sediment Sub cores Collected Offshore Sydney written by Gary Philip Bickford and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter written by N. Handa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade the scientific activities of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), which focuses on the role of the oceans in controlling climate change via the transport and storage of greenhouse gases and organic matter, have led to an increased interest in the study of the biogeochemistry of organic matter. There is also a growing interest in global climate fluctuations. This, and the need for a precise assessment of the dynamics of carbon and other bio-elements, has led to a demand for an improved understanding of biogeochemical processes and the chemical characteristics of both particulate and dissolved organic matter in the ocean. A large amount of proxy data has been published describing the changes of the oceanic environment, but qualitative and quantitative estimates of the vertical flux of (proxy) organic compounds have not been well documented. There is thus an urgent need to pursue this line of study and, to this end, this book starts with several papers dealing with the primary production of organic matter in the upper ocean. Thereafter, the book goes on to follow the flux and characterization of particulate organic matter, discussed in relation to the primary production in the euphotic zone and resuspension in the deep waters, including the vertical flux of proxy organic compounds. It goes on to explain the decomposition and transformation of organic matter in the ocean environment due to photochemical and biological agents, and the reactivity of bulk and specific organic compounds, including the air-sea interaction of biogenic gases. The 22 papers in the book reflect the interests of JGOFS and will thus serve as a valuable reference source for future biogeochemical investigations of both bio-elements and organic matter in seawater, clarifying the role of the ocean in global climate change.
Download or read book Sources transformations and fates of vascular plant derived organic matter in marine environments written by Stephen Paul Opsahl and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organic Matter written by Jean K. Whelan and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1992-12-10 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediments from the world's ocean floors and other water body basins hold a wealth of information about organic life as we know it. Organic Matter: Productivity, Accumulation, and Preservation in Recent and Ancient Sediments addresses focusing on the production, accumulation, and preservation of organic matter in marine and lacustrine sediments. Contributors to this important monograph cover a range of geologic ages from recent times back to the Permian Era, as well as temperature and organic matter types. This resource book will be of interest and benefit to petroleum explorationists and researchers, as well as oceanographers, marine and environmental scientists, sedimentologists, geochemists and paleontologists.
Download or read book Sedimentary Organic Matter written by R. Tyson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1995 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sound understanding of the global carbon cycle requires an appreciation of the various physico-chemical and biological processes that determine the production, distribution, deposition and diagenesis of organic matter in the natural environment. This book is a comprehensive interdisciplinary synthesis of this information, coupled with an organic facies approach based on data from both microscopy and bulk organic geochemistry.
Download or read book Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Marine Sediments written by Ruediger Stein and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organic Matter Cycling and Nutrient Dynamics in Marine Sediments written by Angelos K. Hannides and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores two recently recognized pathways of organic matter supply to marine sediments and their impact on sedimentary biogeochemistry: The entrapment and decomposition of particulate organic matter in permeable sediments and the resulting nutrient dynamics were investigated with a specially designed experimental laboratory microcosm that allows permeable sediment incubation under controlled physical forcing. Microcosm generated enhanced solute transport rates were roughly proportional to sediment column permeability. Comparison with field observations revealed that the enhanced transport rates induced by the experimental conditions were lower than those observed in the field, and this was also reflected in the enhanced buildup of pore water nutrients relative to concentrations in field sediments. Particulate organic matter and nutrient enrichment experiments, conducted with the microcosm, demonstrated the rapid uptake of both particles and solutes by the permeable sediment column under physical forcing, the rapid decomposition of the removed particles, and the lack of regenerated nutrient build-up. Nutrient enrichment experiments with sediment plug chambers demonstrated the rapid uptake and retention of nutrients by surface permeable sediments, as well as the loss of nitrogen though benthic denitrification in sediment grain microzones. The processing of large organic matter packages on the deepsea floor by deep-sea communities was investigated using natural and experimental whale, kelp and wood falls in the California Borderland Basins region, focusing on their quality and its impact on sedimentary organic enrichment and redox shifts. Labile organic material generated by the processing of whale falls and kelp falls generated substantial pore water sulfide levels in impacted sediment, despite a small organic enrichment signal. In contrast, wood derived material input did not result in sulfidic conditions, despite generating very high organic enrichment in impacted sediments, due to its refractory nature. A constructed model incorporating metazoan processing and dispersal of fragmented material revealed that whale fall processing is characterized by higher rates of tissue removal, organic carbon release, and carbon sedimentation rates than wood fall processing. However, organic carbon release rates, when normalized to fall weight, are similar between the two types of falls, due to differences in their carbon content and in absorption rates during metazoan ingestion.
Download or read book The Fate of Sedimentary Organic Matter on a Wide Continental Shelf and Its Implications for Biomarker Proxies written by Chun Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Modeling of Fate and Effects written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Marine Sediments written by Ruediger Stein and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petroleum derived Dissolved Organic Matter from Natural Seepage in Deep Sea Environments written by Jonas Brünjes and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural petroleum seepage discharges approximately 600,000 tons of oil every year into the marine environment. A fraction of the released petroleum is water-soluble and becomes part of oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM), one of the largest and most complex pools of organic matter on Earth's surface. Despite the constant discharge of petroleum by natural seepage, the environmental implications and persistence of petroleum-derived DOM are vastly unknown. This thesis investigates molecular transformations of DOM in natural petroleum seepages and assesses the potential release of petroleum-compounds to oceanic deep-sea DOM. In a first step, the release of oil-derived DOM from natural deep sea asphalt seeps was studied using controlled laboratory incubation experiments. Fresh asphalt samples collected at the Chapopote asphalt volcano in the Southern Gulf of Mexico were incubated aerobically in artificial seawater over four weeks. The compositional changes in the water-soluble fraction of asphalt-derived DOM were determined with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, FT-ICR-MS) and by excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy to characterize fluorescent DOM (FDOM) applying parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. Result showed that highly reduced aliphatic asphalt-derived DOM was readily biodegraded, while aromatic and sulfur-containing DOM (DOS) appeared to be less bioavailable and accumulated in the aqueous phase. This indicates that natural asphalt and potentially other petroleum seepages can be marine sources of recalcitrant dissolved black carbon (DBC) which has apparent radiocarbon ages older than 20,000 years in the deep sea. In order to evaluate this laboratory finding in the natural environment, petroleum-derived DOM was investigated in the Guaymas Basin. The Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California is a young rift system where hot basaltic sill intrusions into organic-rich sediments lead to the generation of large amounts of complex petroleum compounds. The effect of hydrothermal heating and the resulting presence of petroleum compounds on the porewater DOM composition were investigated. Sediment samples were retrieved from sites with in situ temperatures ranging from 4 to >106 °C that exhibited a strong petroleum smell and partially contained oil droplets. A strong correlation of sediment temperature to both composition and quantity of porewater DOM was observed, driven by enhanced microbial transformation of organic matter at temperatures below ~60 °C and increasingly sulfurized DOM at high-temperature sites. DOM associated with hydrothermal heating had elevated contributions of highly unsaturated, reduced, sulfur-containing DOM and petroleum-associated PARAFAC components. A considerable DOM fraction of hydrothermal origin was present both in overlying bottom waters and in recalcitrant deep-sea DOM, suggesting hydrothermal sediments as a source of recalcitrant DOM to the water column. To assess elemental fluxes in DOM of hydrothermal porewaters, composition and quantities of DOM from sedimentary porewaters and from the hot-water soluble fraction by Soxhlet extraction of the same sediments were evaluated. Results showed highly elevated concentrations of DBC and potentially recalcitrant DOS in porewater, suggesting the release of both DOM fractions from hydrothermal sediments. DBC in porewaters and hot-water extracts originated from two distinct sources: hydrothermal petroleum and re-dissolved presumably terrestrial-derived, pre-aged DBC. This study further assessed quantities of DBC and dissolved organic nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus that could be discharged into the water column in case of basin-wide hydrothermal heating. Results indicate that hydrothermal alteration and subsequent petroleum impregnation of sediments can be sources of recalcitrant DOS and DBC to deep sea environments. This thesis provides important novel information about the transformation and release of water-soluble petroleum compounds from natural deep-sea seepage into the marine environment. By introducing radiocarbon-depleted DOM to the marine environment, natural petroleum seepages and hydrothermal alteration of sediments with subsequent petroleum impregnation may be an explanation for observed old radiocarbon ages of recalcitrant DOM in the deep ocean.
Download or read book Role of Sediment Organic Matter Quality and Benthic Organisms for the Fate of Organic Contaminants in Marine Systems written by Maria E. Granberg and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amino Acid Analysis of Marine Sediments Hauraki Gulf New Zealand written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino acid compositions, bulk organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total organic matter were measured for eight sediment samples from the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, in order to assess the source and fate of organic matter in a shallow marine environment. Samples were collected from near-shore and off-shore shore sites, as well as from a site receiving freshwater input from multiple rivers. A comparison of carbon, nitrogen, and amino acid compositions of samples between 1 cm depth (Uhle 2004) and 5 cm depth was used to assess changes in organic matter composition through time. Amino acid analyses in particular should be effective in deciphering organic decomposition through both the presence and abundance of amino acids. C:N values, which range from 6.5-9.3, are typical for marine sediments and indicate that the primary source for organic matter is marine despite potential terrigenous input from the surrounding environment. This interpretation is supported by carbon isotopes ( -20%0 and -22%0 for most sites) which is typical for marine-derived organic materials. C:N ratios do not appreciably vary from 1-5 cm depth, suggesting that there has not been significant depletion of organic matter in these young deposits. Furthermore, both D- and L-amino acids are present at 5 cm depth, supporting minimal organic matter decomposition. However, concentrations of amino acid decreases with depth, and the presence of D-alanine, D-aspartic acid, D-glutamic acid, glycine, and non-protein amino acids, at 5 cm depth, suggests at least a small contribution to the organic carbon source from bacteria. A decrease in [delta]15N with depth further suggests the possibility of bacterial reworking under anoxic conditions. Combined, these results support hypotheses of microbial reworking of organic matter through time, but are not clearly diagnostic of this process.
Download or read book Organic Matter Preservation in Marine Sediments written by Denis Brion and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sedimentary organic matter (OM) composes 20% of all carbon preserved in the Earth's crust. Marine sediments constitute the major long-term sink of organic carbon (OC) on Earth, although only 0.3% of OM photosynthesized by plants is eventually preserved. While the burial of this small OM fraction affects the global cycles of atmospheric CO 2 and O 2, the mechanisms that control sedimentary OM preservation are still unclear. Recent studies have suggested a strong relationship between OM preservation and the OM physical forms, chemical compositions and cumulative exposure to O 2 during deposition and burial. However, although organic geochemistry has now progressed to the point where the major hydrolysable biochemicals (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) can be measured using standard chromatographic methods,75% of sedimentary OM is still missed chromatographically and remains molecularly uncharacterized. We therefore combined bulk and molecular-level analytical approaches to target the mechanistic understanding of the effects of physical protection, molecular composition and O 2 exposure time (OET) on OM preservation. A wet chemical sequential extraction procedure was developed to quantify and separate OM from diverse marine sediments fractions having different chemical reactivity. This research project then focussed on one fraction believed to be determinant in OM preservation, i.e., non-hydrolysable oxygen-sensitive organic matter (OSOM). An optimized method based on the gentle chemical oxidation of OM using RuO 4 was developed in order to investigate the molecular structure of OSOM and its relationship to OM preservation under varying sedimentary conditions. The relative abundance of the OSOM fraction in marine sediments decreases exponentially with oxygen exposure time, in agreement with our working hypothesis. However, our data suggest a more complex relationship than previously thought in that inputs of terrestrially-derived OSOM most likely affect the degradation rate and relative abundances of the bulk OSOM fraction. RuO 4 treatment on the OSOM fractions revealed a composition consisting mostly of cross-linked aliphatics polyesters, and relative abundances of the oxidation products that are correlated with oxygen exposure time (OET). Further molecular, compound-specific isotopic (GC-IRMS) and spectroscopic (FTIR, solid-state HR-NMR) studies on the OSOM component will help verifying the hypothesis of the major role of oxygen exposure time in OM preservation.
Download or read book Combustion Derived Dissolved Organic Matter in Aquatic and Marine Environments written by Jiyoung Paeng and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Fire-derived compounds have received considerable attention as a refractory form of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the largest carbon pool in the ocean. Due to its recalcitrant nature, pyrogenic or black carbon, which is produced by the incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuel on land, is an important compound for potential long-term carbon sequestration. The major objective of this dissertation was to test the hypothesis that dissolved pyrogenic organic carbon accounts for a significant fraction of DOC in different environmental systems, and that the distribution and transport of pyrogenic DOC may be an important key to understanding of how terrestrial and marine DOC are linked. To test this hypothesis, solid phase extraction of DOC was coupled with the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method for accurate analysis of combustion-derived compounds in the Southern Ocean, rivers and estuaries in southeastern Brazil, Minnesota's peatlands, and the groundwater and coastal ocean of the Gulf of Mexico. The homogenous distribution of the thermogenic signatures including pyrogenic and non-pyrogenic sources found in marine DOC across whole water masses in the deep ocean indicated that thermogenic DOC can act as a long-term sink. Approximately 2% of the DOM in the deep ocean was determined to be of thermogenic origin, derived from ancient biomass burning, and, possibly, the geothermal flux in the deep sea. Dissolved pyrogenic carbon was found to account for up to 9 ± 2% of riverine and estuarine DOC. Pyrogenic DOC entering the watersheds in Brazil appeared to be derived mainly from former forest fires rather than current agricultural uses, in particular sugarcane burning. Dissolved pyrogenic carbon flux was affected by seasonal variability in runoff and water management in reservoirs. Inputs of pyrogenic DOC to the ocean via groundwater were identified, revealing groundwater discharge as a newly-discovered source of marine dissolved pyrogenic carbon. Large amounts of pyrogenic DOC were found in the peatlands of northern Minnesota. Such fire-derived materials are likely derived from old peat soil, thus, the export of aged condensed aromatic compounds from peatlands has implications for our understanding of the oceanic carbon cycle. Results of lignin phenols analysis indicated that the pyrogenic DOC in the peatlands might have originated from non-vascular plant-derived materials with highly altered lignin signatures. A multi-proxy approach, including both molecular tracers (BPCA and lignin oxidation products) and the stable carbon isotopic composition of bulk DOC, was adopted to investigate the sources and cycling of terrestrial and pyrogenic organic matter in a fire-impacted coastal watershed in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The distinct trends in the temporal and spatial variations of pyrogenic DOC in groundwater reflected the coupling of groundwater discharge and estuarine processes in creating the conditions for the transport of terrestrial DOC to the ocean. The calculated pyrogenic DOC flux transport by groundwater was similar to the flux discharged by the Apalachicola River in the Gulf of Mexico. The results of this study demonstrated that the loading of terrestrial and pyrogenic DOC from groundwater-fed estuaries in the ocean could have significance on a regional scale.
