Download or read book Fast wave Power Flow Along SOL Field Lines In NSTX Nd The Associated Power Deposition Profile Across The SOL In Front Of The Antenna written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast-wave heating and current drive efficiencies can be reduced by a number of processes in the vicinity of the antenna and in the scrape off layer (SOL). On NSTX from around 25% to more than 60% of the high-harmonic fast-wave power can be lost to the SOL regions, and a large part of this lost power flows along SOL magnetic field lines and is deposited in bright spirals on the divertor floor and ceiling. We show that field-line mapping matches the location of heat deposition on the lower divertor, albeit with a portion of the heat outside of the predictions. The field-line mapping can then be used to partially reconstruct the profile of lost fast-wave power at the midplane in front of the antenna, and the losses peak close to the last closed flux surface (LCFS) as well as the antenna. This profile suggests a radial standing-wave pattern formed by fast-wave propagation in the SOL, and this hypothesis will be tested on NSTX-U. Advanced RF codes must reproduce these results so that such codes can be used to understand this edge loss and to minimize RF heat deposition and erosion in the divertor region on ITER.
Download or read book HHFW Power Flow Along Magnetic Field Lines In The Scrape off Layer of NSTX written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A significant fraction of high-harmonic fast-wave (HHFW) power applied to NSTX can be lost to the scrape-off layer (SOL) and deposited in bright and hot spirals on the divertor rather than in the core plasma. We show that the HHFW power flows to these spirals along magnetic field lines passing through the SOL in front of the antenna, implying that the HHFW power couples across the entire width of the SOL rather than mostly at the antenna face. This result will help guide future efforts to understand and minimize these edge losses in order to maximize fast wave heating and current drive.
Download or read book Recent Developments in High Harmonic Fast Wave Physics in NSTX written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the interaction between ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) fast waves and the fast-ions created by neutral beam injection (NBI) is critical for future devices such as ITER, which rely on a combination ICRF and NBI. Experiments in NSTX which use 30 MHz High-Harmonic Fast-Wave (HHFW) ICRF and NBI heating show a competition between electron heating via Landau damping and transit-time magnetic pumping, and radio-frequency wave acceleration of NBI generated fast ions. Understanding and mitigating some of the power loss mechanisms outside the last closed flux surface (LCFS) has resulted in improved HHFW heating inside the LCFS. Nevertheless a significant fraction of the HHFW power is diverted away from the enclosed plasma. Part of this power is observed locally on the divertor. Experimental observations point toward the radio-frequency (RF) excitation of surface waves, which disperse wave power outside the LCFS, as a leading loss mechanism. Lithium coatings lower the density at the antenna, thereby moving the critical density for perpendicular fast-wave propagation away from the antenna and surrounding material surfaces. Visible and infrared imaging reveal flows of RF power along open field lines into the divertor region. In L-mode -- low average NBI power -- conditions, the fast-ion D-alpha (FIDA) diagnostic measures a near doubling and broadening of the density profile of the upper energetic level of the fast ions concurrent with the presence of HHFW power launched with k// =-8m-1. We are able to heat NBI-induced H-mode plasmas with HHFW. The captured power is expected to be split between absorption by the electrons and absorption by the fast ions, based on TORIC calculation. In the case discussed here the Te increases over the whole profile when ~2MW of HHFW power with antenna k// =13m-1 is applied after the H-mode transition. But somewhat unexpectedly fast-ion diagnostics do not observe a change between the HHFW heated NBI discharge and the reference NBI only plasma, although an increase in neutron production is measured. __________________________________________________
Download or read book A Shorthand Dictionary Comprising a Complete Alphabetical Arrangement of All English Words Written Without Vowels Adapted to All Systems of Shorthand Writing written by J B Dimbleby and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Functional Food Product Development written by Jim Smith and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-08 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to an August 2009 report from PricewaterhouseCoopers, the United States market for functional foods in 2007 was US$ 27 billion. Forecasts of growth range from between 8.5% and 20% per year, or about four times that of the food industry in general. Global demand by 2013 is expected to be about $100 billion. With this demand for new products comes a demand for product development and supporting literature for that purpose. There is a wealth of research and development in this area and great scope for commercialization, and this book provides a much-needed review of important opportunities for new products, written by authors with in-depth knowledge of as yet unfulfilled health-related needs. This book addresses functional food product development from a number of perspectives: the process itself; health research that may provide opportunities; idea creation; regulation; and processes and ingredients. It also features case studies that illustrate real product development and commercialization histories. Written for food scientists and technologists, this book presents practical information for use in functional food product development. It is an essential resource for practitioners in functional food companies and food technology centres and is also of interest to researchers and students of food science. Key features: A comprehensive review of the latest opportunities in this commercially important sector of the food industry Includes chapters highlighting functional food opportunities for specific health issues such as obesity, immunity, brain health, heart disease and the development of children. New technologies of relevance to functional foods are also addressed, such as emulsion delivery systems and nanoencapsulation. Includes chapters on product design and the use of functional ingredients such as antioxidants, probiotics and prebiotics as well as functional ingredients from plant and dairy sources Specific examples of taking products to market are provided in the form of case studies e.g. microalgae functional ingredients Part of the Functional Food Science and Technology book series (Series Editor: Fereidoon Shahidi)
Download or read book Prosperous British India written by William Digby and published by London : T.F. Unwin. This book was released on 1901 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Materials for Optoelectronics written by Maurice Quillec and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-01-31 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optoelectronics ranks one of the highest increasing rates among the different industrial branches. This activity is closely related to devices which are themselves extremely dependent on materials. Indeed, the history of optoelectronic devices has been following closely that of the materials. KLUWER Academic Publishers has thus rightly identified "Materials for Optoelectronics" as a good opportunity for a book in the series entitled "Electronic Materials; Science and Technology". Although a sound background in solid state physics is recommended, the authors have confined their contribution to a graduate student level, and tried to define any concept they use, to render the book as a whole as self-consistent as possible. In the first section the basic aspects are developed. Here, three chapters consider semiconductor materials for optoelectronics under various aspects. Prof. G. E. Stillman begins with an introduction to the field from the point of view of the optoelectronic market. Then he describes how III-V materials, especially the Multi Quantum Structures meet the requirements of optoelectronic functions, including the support of microelectronics for optoelectronic integrated circuits. In chapter 2, Prof.
Download or read book SHORTHAND DICTIONARY written by J. B. DIMBLEBY and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inorganic Biomaterials written by Wolfram Höland and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inorganic biomaterials include materials for e.g. dental restorations, biocompatible materials for orthopedic appliances and bioactive materials. However, inorganic biomaterials are also developed for use in tissue regeneration, e.g. wound healing. These products either consist of crystalline phases, such as Al2O3 or ZrO2, which makes them suitable for use in hip bone replacement or they are composed of tricalcium phosphate and used as resorbable biomaterials. Or, they contain glassy phases, such as BIOGLASS®, and are employed as bioactive biomaterials to bond to living bone. Inorganic biomaterials are also used to develop inorganic – organic composites which are suitable for use as bioactive products or to produce dental filling materials. In general, the development of composites is state of the art. However, it is also a future technology. Biomaterials for dental restorations consist of glassy or crystalline phases. Glass-ceramics represent a special group of inorganic biomaterials for dental restorations. Glass-ceramics are composed of at least one inorganic glassy phase and at least one crystalline phase. These products demonstrate a combination of properties, which include excellent aesthetics and the ability to mimic the optical properties of natural teeth, as well as high strength and toughness. They can be processed using special processing procedures, e.g. machining, moulding and sintering, to fabricate high quality products. Sintered oxide ceramics, such as Al2O3 or ZrO2, are also used for the fabrication of dental restorations. These products can be veneered with other biomaterials, or they can be polished to achieve the best possible surface quality. The manuscripts dealing with inorganic biomaterials should focus on the development of the products, especially on their chemical nature, the phase formation processes and all the details related to their processing. Very important are the mechanisms of phase formation. The reader of the manuscript should understand all of these reactions in detail. As far as application is concerned, it is important to describe the main properties of the developed products based on the valid standards, e.g. the ISO standards. The papers published should show that the products comply with these standards. It is very important to understand the relationship between biomass and biomaterials. This will help young scientists to follow the development of biomaterials with new, unexpected properties. He manuscripts published in "Frontiers" should also focus on the application of the biomaterials. Every manuscript should show the most important application of the material presented. There are different journals that deal with specific product categories, eg "Dental Materials". However, "Frontiers" should allow young scientists to publish their research results using all kinds of inorganic biomaterials. On the other hand, fundamental discussion and analysis of the findings should be encouraged and conclusions about possible applications in the field of medicine and dentistry should be drawn.
Download or read book Moonwake written by Anne Spudis and published by . This book was released on 2005-12-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For Mike, Toni, Laura and Jason, adjusting to life on another planet is dangerous and exciting. Moonwake is a fictional base on the Moon but what they encounter there is very real. Mike quickly learns that living on the Moon is anything but ordinary and boring. His mechanical skill presents opportunity but also danger for himself and his friends. Toni, a long time lunar resident, has her life turned upside down when Mike, Laura and Jason come to Moonwake. The small lunar colony quickly realizes they must deal with the excitement and life-threatening adventures of these teenage Moon explorers. Whether trapped in a lava tube, riding out a radiation storm, or falling from a decaying orbit, the friends hold together to survive this new world. _____________________________ The authors are planning a second book: MOONWAKE The Journey Home. In The Journey Home, readers will meet Jason's new girlfriend, Tasha and follow the characters as they experience living on Earth. This is especially hard on Zack, who left Earth as a baby. Ace pilot, Jenny Walker, joins them on their adventures as they flee a hurricane in Florida and hike into the Grand Canyon. Teenage crushes and rivalries develop as their friendships change and Jenny meets her man. In the end, will they choose Earth, or is space their destiny?
Download or read book Advanced Lasers written by Oleksiy Shulika and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a blend of applied and fundamental research in highly interdisciplinary subjects of rapidly developing areas, this book contains contributions on the frontiers and hot topics of laser physics, laser technology and laser engineering, and covers a wide range of laser topics, from all-optical signal processing and chaotic optical communication to production of superwicking surfaces, correction of extremely high-power beams, and generation of ultrabroadband spectra. It presents both review-type contributions and well researched and documented case studies, and is intended for graduate students, young scientist, and emeritus scientist working/studying in laser physics, optoelectronics, optics, photonics, and adjacent areas. The book contains both experimental and theoretical studies, as well as combinations of these two, which is known to be a most useful and interesting form of reporting scientific results, allowing students to really learn from each contribution. The book contains over 130 illustrations.
Download or read book The Law Reform marriage and Divorce Act 1976 written by Nuraisyah Chua Abdullah and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Quality Beams written by S.I. Kurokawa and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2001-10-19 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of high quality beams reach many areas of science, such as high energy and nuclear physics, condensed matter and material science, biophysics and medical science. The proceedings of the joint accelerator school discuss the current technological limit of high quality beams.
Download or read book Freedom of Information in Malaysia written by Mohamad Ezam Mohd. Nor and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Nation in Making written by Sir Surendranath Banerjea and published by Rupa Publications. This book was released on 2016 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in the last years of Sir Surendranath Banerjea's life, A Nation in Making is not only the autobiography of a pioneering leader in Indian politics but also a commentary on public life. In the pages of this book, we are offered insights into the life of the founder of the Indian National Association and twice president of the Indian National Congress. We grasp the vision motivating his landmark appeals-including one to the British to modify the 1905 Partition of Bengal, reinstitute habeas corpus and grant India a Constitution based on the Canadian model. Most of all, we understand the mind of a phenomenal leader-a trailblazer with the refrain, 'agitate, agitate'; a moderate with a quarrel with B. G. Tilak and Mahatma Gandhi; and an ardent exponent of nationalism and a representative form of government. Insightful, honest and sincere, this book immortalizes the work of those who, like Banerjea, 'placed India firmly on the road to constitutional freedom...by constitutional means'
Download or read book The International Journal of Learning written by Mary Kalantzis and published by Common Ground Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ** Contents available at http://ijl.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.30/prod.1847 ** The International Journal of Learning sets out to foster inquiry, invite dialogue and build a body of knowledge on the nature and future of learning. In do doing, the journal provides a forum for any person with an interest in, and concern for, education at any of its levels and in any of its forms, from early childhood, to schools, to higher education and lifelong learning - and in any of its sites, from home to school to university to workplace. The journal is relevant for academics, researchers, teachers, higher degree students, educators and educational managers and administrators. The International Journal of Learning is peer-reviewed, supported by rigorous processes of criterion-referenced article ranking and qualitative commentary, ensuring that only intellectual work of the greatest substance and highest significance is published.
Download or read book Renewal theory written by D. R. Cox and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamentals models; The distributions of the number of renewals; The moments of the number of renewals; Recurrence times; The superposition of renewal processes; Alternating renewal processes; Cumulative processes; Some other generalizations; Probabilistic models of failure; Strategies of replacement.
