Download or read book Farm Size and Resource Use Efficiency in Wheat Production written by Subodh Chandra Barman and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Farm Size Resource use Efficiency and Income Distribution written by G. R. Saini and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Resource Use Efficiency in Wheat Production written by Mohammad Hadi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cost and Production Functions written by R.W. Shephard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is the result of an interest in the economic theory of production intermittently pursued during the past three years. Over this period I have received substantial support from the Office of Naval Research, first from a personal service consulting contract directly with the Mathematics Division of the Office of Naval Research and secondly from Project N6 onr-27009 at Princeton Univer sity under the direction of Professor Oskar Morgenstern. Grateful acknowledgement is made to the ·Office of Naval Research for this support and to Professor Morgenstern, in particular, for his interest in the puolication of this research. The responsibility for errors and omissions, how ever, rests entirely upon the author. Professor G. C. Evans has given in terms of a simple total cost function, depending solely upon output rate, a treatment of certain aspects of the economic theory of production which has inherent generality and convenience of formulation. The classical approach of expressing the technology of production by means of a production function is potentially less restrictive than the use of a simple total cost function, but it has not been applied in a more general form other than to derive the familiar conditions between marginal productivities of the factors of produc tion and their market prices.

Download or read book Prices of Fertilizers written by H. L. Trumbull and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Resources Use Efficiency in Agriculture written by Sandeep Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-18 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Achieving zero hunger and food security is a top priority in the United Nations Development Goals (UNDGs). In an era characterized by high population growth and increasing pressure on agricultural systems, efficiency in the use of natural resources has become central to sustainable agricultural practices. Fundamentally speaking, eco-efficiency is about maximizing agricultural outputs, in terms of quantity and quality, using less land, water, nutrients, energy, labor, or capital. The concept of eco-efficiency involves both the ecological and economic aspects of sustainable agriculture. It is therefore essential to understand the interaction of ecosystem constituents within the extensive agricultural landscape, as well as farmers’ economic needs. This book examines the latest eco-efficient practices used in agro-systems. Drawing upon research and examples from around the world, it offers an up-to-date overview, together with insights into directly applicable approaches for poly-cropping systems and landscape-scale management to improve the stability of agricultural production systems, helping achieve food security. The book will be of interest to educators, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders and policymakers alike. It can also be used as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate courses on agriculture, forestry, soil science, and the environmental sciences.

Download or read book Farming Systems and Poverty written by John A. Dixon and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.

Download or read book Resource Use Efficiency and Optimum Cropping Pattern in Rajasthan written by Dr. M. K. Jangid, Dr. (Mrs.) Latika Sharma, Dr. D. C. Pant and published by Nitya Publications. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First of all, I ordiently pay my obeisance to “Maa Saraswati and Lord Hanumana” with whose grace and blessings I could accomplish this task. It is a matter of pride and honour for me to express my sincere and deep sense of gratitude to my esteemed teacher and major advisor, Dr. (Mrs.) Latika Sharma, Assistant Professor & Officer Incharge (CCPC), Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur for stimulative guidance, incessant encouragement, constructive suggestions, painstalking, keen and sustained efforts throughtout the course of study without which it would not have been possible for me to complete this work.

Download or read book Water Productivity in Agriculture written by J. W. Kijne and published by CABI. This book was released on 2003 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First title in a major new seriesAddresses improving water productivity to relieve problems of scarcity and competition to provide for food and environmental securityDraws from scientists having a multitude of disciplines to approach this important problemIn a large number of developing countries, policy makers and researchers are increasingly aware of the conflicting demands on water, and look at agriculture to be more effective in its use of water. Focusing on both irrigated and rain-fed agriculture, this book gives a state of the art review of the limits and opportunities for improving water productivity in crop production. It demonstrates how efficiency of water use can be enhanced to maximize yields. The book represents the first in a new series of volumes resulting from the Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture, a research program conducted by the CGIAR's Future Harvest Centres, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and partners worldwide. It will be of significant interest to those working in areas of soil and crop science, water management, irrigation, and development studies.

Download or read book An Economic Efficiency Analysis of Crop Producing Farms in Uzbekistan written by Aziz Karimov and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kurzbeschreibung Während die landwirtschaftlichen Produktivitätsfortschritte von der Entwicklung der Gesamtwirtschaft eines Landes abhängen, spielt die effiziente Nutzung von landwirtschaftlichen Inputs eine wichtige Rolle für das Wachstum des Farmsektors. In Diskussionen über angemessene Politiken für Länder im Transformationsprozess ist auf diesen Unterschied oft hingewiesen worden. Dennoch gibt es bisher kaum quantitative Analysen der Effizienz der Ressourcennutzung während des Transformationsprozesses in den zentralasiatischen Ländern. Die vorliegende Studie ist eine der ersten, die für Usbekistan empirische Evidenz über die Effizienzniveaus bei der Produktion von Baumwolle, Weizen und Gemüse liefert. Auf der Basis von Querschnittsdaten des Landwirtschafts-Surveys von 2007 für die usbekischen Regionen Khorezm und Fergana wird die Ressourcennutzung der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe untersucht. Methodisch kommen sowohl parametrische als auch nicht-parametrische Verfahren der „Frontier Analysis“ zur Anwendung. Im Fall der Baumwollproduktion wurde ein theoretisch konsistentes Frontier-Modell entwickelt, um technische Effizienzniveaus zu messen und Gründe für Ineffizienz zu bestimmen. Die verwendete Analysetechnik erlaubt es, sowohl monotone als auch quasi-konkave Restriktionen in einem semiparametrischen Umfeld zu betrachten. Die empirischen Ergebnisse der Modelanalyse zeigen Effizienzniveaus von 85% bzw. 88% für Khorezm und Fergana. Sie belegen, dass es auch ohne die Einführung neuer Technologien Spielräume für eine Erhöhung der Baumwollproduktion gibt. Für die Weizen und Gemüse produzierenden landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe wurde eine erweiterte „Data Envelopment Analysis“ entwickelt, um für diese Betriebe fehler-korrigierte Effizienzniveaus zu schätzen. Die empirischen Ergebnisse belegen, dass erhebliche Spielräume zur Steigerung der technischen Effizienz bestehen. Zudem erreichten effiziente Betriebe höhere Ernteerträge in beiden Teilregionen. Diese Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass nicht nur Betriebsgrößen eine Rolle spielen sondern auch das Management der Produktion sowohl in kleinen als auch in größeren Betrieben. Hinsichtlich der Bestimmungsgründe für die Nutzung landwirtschaftlicher Inputs zeigen die Analysen, dass die Effizienz bei strategischen Erzeugnissen auf Böden mit niedrigem Bonitätsgrad und im Fall von Gemüse auf Böden mit höherem Bonitätsgrad höher ist. Ein ausreichender Zugang zu Bewässerung erhöht die technische Effizienz bei der Produktion aller untersuchter Erzeugnisse. Jedoch wurde ein statistisch signifikantes Ergebnis nur für die Produktion von Kartoffeln gefunden. Die Analyse nach Regionen zeigt, dass die Farmer in Khorezm bei allen Erzeugnissen weniger effizient sind als die in Fergana. Weitere statistisch signifikante Bestimmungsgründe für die technische Effizienz bei der Baumwollproduktion waren die nicht-landwirtschaftliche Beschäftigung von Farmern, ihr Ausbildungsgrad und ihre Erfahrung in der Landwirtschaft, ihre Zufriedenheit mit den Angeboten der Wasser-Nutzer-Vereinigungen sowie die Qualität ihrer Bewässerungsanlagen, der Zugang zu Krediten und schließlich die Verwendung von organischem Dünger. Für Getreide und Gemüse ergaben sich folgende statistisch signifikante Ergebnisse: Die Effizienz steigt mit der Größe der Farmen (Kartoffeln); sie ist ebenfalls größer in Gebieten mit ähnlicher Produktionsstruktur sowie in Farmen, die von den Märkten weit entfernt liegen (Weizen, Kartoffeln); und schließlich in Farmen mit einem besseren Bewässerungssystem (Weizen). Basierend auf der Dualität zwischen der direktionalen Distanz- und der Kostenfunktion ergibt sich allokative Ineffizienz in der Gemüseproduktion. Die Modelergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Gemüse produzierende Farmen ihre Inputkosten und mengen erheblich reduzieren könnten ohne ihr Output-Niveau zu senken. Dies bedeutet, dass alle Gemüseproduzenten Schwierigkeiten haben, einen optimalen Input-Output Mix zu erreichen. Und schließlich schätzt das Model Schattenpreise für Boden und Arbeit unter den Bedingungen ineffizienter Produktion, die sowohl für Politiker als auch für Wissenschaftler von Interesse sein können. Benchmarking kann ein nützlicher Ansatz sein, um die technische und die allokative Effizienz der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion in Usbekistan zu verbessern. Mit markt-orientierten Reformen der Agrarpolitik und besseren Anreizen für Farmer können ineffiziente Farmer von „best practices“ lernen und innovative und kosteneffiziente Methoden der landwirschaftlichen Produktion im gegebenen institutionellen Rahmen anwenden. Description While increasing agricultural crop productivity depends on the performance of a country's entire economy, the efficient use of farm inputs plays an important role in the growth of the farming sector. This issue has often been mentioned in policy debates of transition countries. However, quantitative assessment of resource use efficiency studies has been very limited in the case of Central Asian (CA) countries in their ongoing transition period. This study is one of the first to provide empirical evidence on the efficiency levels in the production of cotton, wheat, and vegetables in Uzbekistan. It uses cross-sectional farm survey data for 2007 from the Khorezm and Fergana regions of Uzbekistan to study farm performance in resource utilization. Both parametric and nonparametric frontier techniques were used in the efficiency analysis. In the case of cotton production, a theoretically consistent stochastic frontier model (SFM) was developed to estimate technical efficiency (TE) levels and determine factors that are responsible for inefficiency. The analytical technique applied considered monotonicity and quasiconcavity restrictions in the semi-parametric setting. Model findings report TE scores of 85% and 88% in the Khorezm and Fergana regions. These results show the existence of potential enhancements in cotton production even before the introduction of new technologies. The study methodologically extended Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to provide bias corrected efficiency scores on wheat and vegetable producing farms. Model findings show that these farms could increase their TE considerably. Moreover, efficient farms achieved higher crop yields in both regions. Farmers were more scale-efficient but not technically efficient in the case of all crops. This suggests that attention has to be paid not only to the scale of operations but also to better management of crop production both on small and large farms. Interesting findings from SFM and DEA show that efficiency is greater in arable lands with lower bonitet scores in the cultivation of strategic crops and larger in lands with higher bonitet scores in the case of vegetables. Access to adequate irrigation is critical in the production of all crops as it substantially increases TE. Crop diversification seems to improve farm TE in the production of all crops. However, a statistically significant result is found only in the case of potato production. Regional differences show a geographical divide in terms of resource-use efficiency, with farmers in Khorezm being less efficient in the production of all crops. Other variables which showed positive significant result with TE in the case of cotton were farmers who were not involved in off-farm work; farmers with educational background and experience in agriculture; those satisfied with the services of the Water User Association (WUA) and who had a renovated drainage system; farmers with easier access to credit; and those who applied organic manure to cotton fields. In the case of wheat and vegetables, significant results were as follows: farmers with larger farm size only for potato producing farms); those who reported potential to work in larger crop growing areas (wheat and potato); those with farm fields far away from markets (wheat and potato); farmers using less chemicals in production (melon); and those with better canal systems (wheat). Using the duality between the directional distance function and the cost function, the study also finds allocative inefficiency (AI) in the vegetable farming system. Model results suggest that it is possible for vegetable-producing farms to substantially reduce input costs and quantities and still maintain current output levels. Model estimates show that vegetable producing farms cannot allocate their resources cost effectively. This implies that all producers have struggled to attain optimum input–output mixes. Finally, the model shows estimates of shadow prices of land and labor in the existence of inefficiencies which could be of great interest to policy makers and researchers. A benchmarking approach to set up frontier farms can be a useful analytical tool in identifying better performing farms with the purpose of improving technical and allocative efficiency (AE) of crop production in Uzbekistan. Insofar as market-based reforms could take place in the country and better incentives are provided to the farmers, inefficient farmers could learn from farming best practices and adopt explicit agronomic, innovative, and cost-effective ways of cultivating crops under the current institutional setting.

Download or read book Sustainable Intensification written by Jules N. Pretty and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continued population growth, rapidly changing consumption patterns and the impacts of climate change and environmental degradation are driving limited resources of food, energy, water and materials towards critical thresholds worldwide. These pressures are likely to be substantial across Africa, where countries will have to find innovative ways to boost crop and livestock production to avoid becoming more reliant on imports and food aid. Sustainable agricultural intensification - producing more output from the same area of land while reducing the negative environmental impacts - represents a solution for millions of African farmers. This volume presents the lessons learned from 40 sustainable agricultural intensification programmes in 20 countries across Africa, commissioned as part of the UK Government's Foresight project. Through detailed case studies, the authors of each chapter examine how to develop productive and sustainable agricultural systems and how to scale up these systems to reach many more millions of people in the future. Themes covered include crop improvements, agroforestry and soil conservation, conservation agriculture, integrated pest management, horticulture, livestock and fodder crops, aquaculture, and novel policies and partnerships.

Download or read book Agricultural Systems Agroecology and Rural Innovation for Development written by Sieglinde Snapp and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural Systems, Second Edition, is a comprehensive text for developing sustainable farming systems. It presents a synthetic overview of the emerging area of agroecology applications to transforming farming systems and supporting rural innovation, with particular emphasis on how research can be harnessed for sustainable agriculture. The inclusion of research theory and examples using the principles of cropping system design allows students to gain a unique understanding of the technical, biological, ecological, economic and sociological aspects of farming systems science for rural livelihoods. This book explores topics such as: re-inventing farming systems; principles and practice of agroecology; agricultural change and low-input technology; ecologically-based nutrient management; participatory breeding for developing improved and relevant crops; participatory livestock research for development; gender and agrarian inequality at the local scale; the nature of agricultural innovation; and outreach to support rural innovation. The extensive coverage of subjects is complemented with integrated references and a companion website, making this book essential reading for courses in international agricultural systems and management, sustainable agricultural management, and cropping systems. This book will be a valuable resource for students of agricultural science, environmental engineering, and rural planning; researchers and scientists in agricultural development agencies; and practitioners of agricultural development in government extension programs, development agencies, and NGOs. Provides students with an enhanced understanding of how research can be harnessed for sustainable agriculture Incorporates social, biological, chemical, and geographical aspects important to agroecology Addresses social and development issues related to farming systems

Download or read book Economics of Large Wheat Farms in the Great Plains written by Ronald D. Krenz and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Sustainability Challenge written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Research Council's Science and Technology for Sustainability Program hosted two workshops in 2011 addressing the sustainability challenges associated with food security for all. The first workshop, Measuring Food Insecurity and Assessing the Sustainability of Global Food Systems, explored the availability and quality of commonly used indicators for food security and malnutrition; poverty; and natural resources and agricultural productivity. It was organized around the three broad dimensions of sustainable food security: (1) availability, (2) access, and (3) utilization. The workshop reviewed the existing data to encourage action and identify knowledge gaps. The second workshop, Exploring Sustainable Solutions for Increasing Global Food Supplies, focused specifically on assuring the availability of adequate food supplies. How can food production be increased to meet the needs of a population expected to reach over 9 billion by 2050? Workshop objectives included identifying the major challenges and opportunities associated with achieving sustainable food security and identifying needed policy, science, and governance interventions. Workshop participants discussed long term natural resource constraints, specifically water, land and forests, soils, biodiversity and fisheries. They also examined the role of knowledge, technology, modern production practices, and infrastructure in supporting expanded agricultural production and the significant risks to future productivity posed by climate change. This is a report of two workshops.

Download or read book Water Resources in Mexico written by Úrsula Oswald Spring and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-26 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water resources in Mexico are threatened by scarcity, pollution and climate change. In two decades water consumption doubled, producing water stress in dry seasons and semi-arid and arid regions. Water stress rises due to physical and economic stress. In seven parts a multidisciplinary team analyzes hydrological processes in basins and their interaction with climate, soil and biota. Competing water use in agriculture, industry and domestic needs require savings, decontamination processes and desalination to satisfy the growing demand. Water quality affects health and ecosystems. This creates conflicts and cooperation that may be enhanced by public policy, institution building and social organization.

Download or read book Characteristics and Production Costs of U S Wheat Farms 1989 written by Dargan H. Glaze and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Save and Grow written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-06-22 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers a rich toolkit of relevant, adoptable ecosystem-based practices that can help the world's 500 million smallholder farm families achieve higher productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency while enhancing natural capital.