Download or read book Efficiency in Large Markets with Firm Heterogeneity written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Product Quality and Firm Heterogeneity in International Trade written by Antoine Gervais and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper quantifies the separate contributions of product quality and technical efficiency in explaining variation in export outcomes across U.S. manufacturing plants. Unlike previous plant-level studies that rely on unit values, I obtain direct measures of idiosyncratic demand from price and quantity information. I find substantial across-plant heterogeneity in demand and, consistent with the quality interpretation, demand is positively correlated with advertising expenditures, wage rate and material costs. I use this variation to explain across-plant heterogeneity in export outcomes. The results show that, in addition to productivity, idiosyncratic demand are important determinant of selection into exporting and foreign sales.

Download or read book On the Measurement of Efficiency and Productivity Under Firm Heterogeneity written by Magnus Kellermann and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Firm Heterogeneity Endogenous Entry and the Business Cycle written by Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the role that the entry and exit of heterogeneous firms plays in shaping aggregate fluctuations in economic activity. In so doing, it develops a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model in which procyclical entry and countercyclical exit along a real business cycle lead to endogenous cyclical movements in average firm productivity. These movements stem from a composition effect due to the reallocation of market shares among firms with different levels of efficiency and affect the propagation of exogenous technological shocks. Numerical analysis suggests that existing models with representative firms may overstate the actual role of procyclical entry and exit in imperfectly competitive markets as a propagation mechanism of exogenous technology shocks. The reason is that procyclical entry and countercyclical exit disproportionately involve less efficiency firms whose impact on aggregate economic activity is hampered by their smaller size -- National Bureau of Economic Research web site.

Download or read book Perspectives on the Sources of Heterogeneity in Indian Industry written by Somik V. Lall and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of variations in technical efficiency across four industrial sectors in India shows that managerial effectiveness significantly influences efficiency and that considerable benefits derive from location within established industrial clusters for particular industries. Liberalization and globalization are likely to bring significant productivity gains even in low-technology industries as managers gear up to meet the challenges of competition.Lall and Rodrigo examine technical efficiency variation across four industrial sectors in India, using a stochastic production frontier technique. The results are comparable to technical efficiency distribution patterns obtained in other countries. The authors examine heterogeneity in firm-level efficiency against internal, firm-level characteristics and against external characteristics (industry and location).The results suggest that managerial effectiveness significantly influences efficiency and that considerable benefits derive from location within established industrial clusters for particular industries. The methodology and findings indicate that the study of industry-specific technical efficiency patterns is a useful analytical tool for tracking domestic firms' response to liberalization and the advance of market forces.An important policy implication of Lall and Rodrigo's results: There is considerable room for efficiency gains through better organization and management of production processes and improved supply chain management, even in the highly organized corporate sector. These gains could be achieved by purely internal learning processes with no extra investment in physical plant or equipment, or with the help of outside consultants, or through business alliances with partners from industrial countries (a rising trend).The results also show that greater technical efficiency correlates with better energy use and higher investments in plant management. How firms can be induced to undertake such investments in the software of production is an important issue. Liberalization and globalization are likely to bring significant productivity gains even in low-technology industries as managers gear up to meet the challenges of competition.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the role of economic geography and urbanization in the development process.

Download or read book Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Firms written by Andrew B. Bernard and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how country, industry and firm characteristics interact in general equilibrium to determine nations' responses to trade liberalization. When firms possess heterogeneous productivity, countries differ in relative factor abundance and industries vary in factor intensity, falling trade costs induce reallocations of resources both within and across industries and countries. These reallocations generate substantial job turnover in all sectors, spur relatively more creative destruction in comparative advantage industries than comparative disadvantage industries, and magnify ex ante comparative advantage to create additional welfare gains from trade. The relative ascendance of high-productivity firms within industries boosts aggregate productivity and drives down consumer prices. In contrast with the neoclassical model, these price declines dampen and can even reverse the real wage losses of scarce factors as countries liberalize.

Download or read book Perspectives on the Sources of Heterogeneity in Indian Industry written by Somik V. Lall and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors examine technical efficiency variation across four industrial sectors in India, using a stochastic production frontier technique. The results are comparable to technical efficiency distribution patterns obtained in other countries. The authors examine heterogeneity in firm-level efficiency against internal, firm-level characteristics and against external characteristics (industry and location). The results suggest that managerial effectiveness significantly influences efficiency and that considerable benefits derive from location within established industrial clusters for particular industries. The methodology and findings indicate that the study of industry-specific technical efficiency patterns is a useful analytical tool for tracking domestic firms' response to liberalization and the advance of market forces. An important policy implication of the authors' results: There is considerable room for efficiency gains through better organization and management of production processes and improved supply chain management, even in the highly organized corporate sector. These gains could be achieved by purely internal learning processes with no extra investment in physical plant or equipment, or with the help of outside consultants, or through business alliances with partners from industrial countries (a rising trend). The results also show that greater technical efficiency correlates with better energy use and higher investments in plant management. How firms can be induced to undertake such investments in the "software" of production is an important issue. Liberalization and globalization are likely to bring significant productivity gains even in low-technology industries as managers gear up to meet the challenges of competition.

Download or read book Benchmarking and Firm Heterogeneity in Electricity Distribution a Latent Class Analysis of Germany written by Astrid Cullmann and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Firm Heterogeneity in Macroeconomics written by Allen Tran and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macroeconomic models are often estimated with aggregate data, aligning the aggregated behavior of firms and households in models to the data. However, using aggregate data alone can overlook important details of firm behavior that are crucial for understanding issues in macroeconomics. In this dissertation, I use data on firms at the micro-level to more accurately capture firms behavior and their interactions with one another. This approach is applied to answer questions that relate to the monetary policy transmission mechanism, economic growth from new entrants and welfare gains from new technology. A substantial literature exists which suggests that imperfect information across firms is capable of generating large monetary non-neutralities. In Chapter One, the level of imperfect information is taken from micro-data and used to discipline a standard menu cost model augmented with information frictions. In the model, imperfect information has a negligible effect and real responses to a monetary shock are small and transient in contrast to the bulk of the imperfect information literature. The selection effect dominates the effects of imperfect information as the level of dispersion in inflation expectations in the data is tiny. This result still holds even when the level of dispersion is set to that of the maximal observed levels of dispersion. Chapter Two presents data that suggests new entering establishments compete for customers, rather than inputs in order to grow. Consistent with the data, I present a model where customers satisfice in forming relationships with establishments in the presence of search frictions. The extent of these search frictions is a new margin that affects selection and allocative efficiency. As search becomes less random and more directed, customers are less willing to satisfice, improving allocative efficiency and inducing exit of slower growing firms. When search frictions in product markets are increased to match establishment dynamics in Chile, output falls by roughly 14 per cent relative to the model calibrated to the US, reflecting decreased allocative efficiency. Chapter Three studies the impact of online retail on aggregate welfare. I develop a new measure of store level retail productivity and with a spatial model, calculate each store's equilibrium response to increased competitive pressure from online retailers. From counterfactual exercises mimicking improvements in shipping and increased internet access, I estimate that improvements in online retail increased aggregate welfare from retail activities by 13.4 per cent. Roughly two-thirds of the increase can be attributed to welfare improvements holding fixed market shares, with the remainder due to reallocation. Surprisingly, 8.2 percent of firms actually benefit as they absorb market share from closed stores. Finally, I estimate that the proposed Marketplace Fairness Act would claw back roughly one-third of sales that would otherwise have gone to online retailers between 2007-12.

Download or read book What is Firm Heterogeneity in Trade Models written by Colin Hottman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimate a structural model of heterogeneous multiproduct firms to examine the sources of firm heterogeneity emphasized in the recent trade and macro literatures. Using Nielsen barcode data on prices and sales, we estimate elasticities of substitution within and between firms, and use the estimated model to recover unobserved qualities, marginal costs and markups. We find that variation in firm quality and product scope explains at least four fifths of the variation in firm sales. Most firms are well approximated by the monopolistic competition benchmark of constant markups, but the largest firms that account for most of aggregate sales depart substantially from this benchmark. Although the output of multiproduct firms is differentiated, cannibalization is quantitatively important for the largest firms. This imperfect substitutability of products within firms, and the fact that larger firms supply more products than smaller firms, implies that standard productivity measures are not independent of demand system assumptions and probably dramatically understate the relative productivity of the largest firms.

Download or read book Frontier Production Functions Technical Efficiency and Panel Data written by George Edward Battese and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Efficiency Analysis written by Subal Kumbhakar and published by Now Publishers. This book was released on 2014-12-19 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efficiency Analysis details the important econometric area of efficiency estimation, both past approaches as well as new methodology. There are two main camps in efficiency analysis: that which estimates maximal output and attributes all departures from this as inefficiency, known as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and that which allows for both unobserved variation in output due to shocks and measurement error as well as inefficiency, known as Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). This volume focuses exclusively on SFA. The econometric study of efficiency analysis typically begins by constructing a convoluted error term that is composed on noise, shocks, measurement error, and a one-sided shock called inefficiency. Early in the development of these methods, attention focused on the proposal of distributional assumptions which yielded a likelihood function whereby the parameters of the distributional components of the convoluted error could be recovered. The field evolved to the study of individual specific efficiency scores and the extension of these methods to panel data. Recently, attention has focused on relaxing the stringent distributional assumptions that are commonly imposed, relaxing the functional form assumptions commonly placed on the underlying technology, or some combination of both. All told exciting and seminal breakthroughs have occurred in this literature, and reviews of these methods are needed to effectively detail the state of the art. The generality of SFA is such that the study of efficiency has gone beyond simple application of frontier methods to study firms and appears across a diverse set of applied milieus. This review should appeal to those outside of the efficiency literature seeking to learn about new methods which might assist them in uncovering phenomena in their applied area of interest.

Download or read book Productivity and Efficiency Analysis written by William H. Greene and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume examines the state-of-the art of productivity and efficiency analysis and adds to the existing research by bringing together a selection of the best papers from the 8th North American Productivity Workshop (NAPW). It also aims to analyze world-wide perspectives on challenges that local economies and institutions may face when changes in productivity are observed. The volume comprises of seventeen papers that deal with productivity measurement, productivity growth, dynamics of productivity change, measures of labor productivity, measures of technical efficiency in different sectors, frontier analysis, measures of performance, industry instability and spillover effects. These papers are relevant to academia, but also to public and private sectors in terms of the challenges firms, financial institutions, governments and individuals may face when dealing with economic and education related activities that lead to increase or decrease of productivity. The North American Productivity Workshop brings together academic scholars and practitioners in the field of productivity and efficiency analysis from all over the world. It is a four day conference exploring topics related to productivity, production theory and efficiency measurement in economics, management science, operations research, public administration, and related fields. The papers in this volume also address general topics as health, energy, finance, agriculture, utilities, and economic dev elopment, among others. The editors are comprised of the 2014 local organizers, program committee members, and celebrated guest conference speakers.

Download or read book More Similar Firms More Similar Regions On the Role of Firm Heterogeneity for Agglomeration written by Maximilian Von Ehrlich and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Faraway So Close Technology Diffusion and Firm Heterogeneity in the Medium Term Cycle of Advanced Economies written by Mónica Correa-López and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Las grandes empresas de Estados Unidos, al difundir tecnología a través del comercio de intermedios, parecen ser clave para la producción de Europa en el medio plazo. De cara a explicar esta evidencia, el presente trabajo desarrolla un modelo de dos países con crecimiento endógeno en variedades, heterogeneidad empresarial y comercio. Una desaceleración de la productividad total de los factores en Estados Unidos provoca una marcada recesión en Europa, mientras que un shock negativo específico a la inversión también da lugar a una recesión prolongada en Estados Unidos, dado que el PIB y la productividad a nivel de empresa permanecen por debajo de su tendencia más de una década. Las empresas heterogéneas, con cambios endógenos de productividad, y las respuestas de innovadores y adoptadores determinan el ajuste en el medio plazo, a la vez que se despliegan los procesos de sustitución de importaciones.

Download or read book Unobserved Heterogeneity in Productivity Analysis of Panel Data Applications to Meat Chain Firms and Global Growth in Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Production analysis matters in agricultural economics because technology shapes developments in agriculture as well as in related sectors, such as the food industry. Pro- ductivity and technical efficiency (TE) are key aspects in this context. In empirical analysis, inefficiency can be confounded with unmeasured attributes. As panel data are used to analyse productivity trends, it is possible to account for unobserved hetero- geneity. However, in the context of efficiency analysis, estimation of the corresponding stochastic frontier (SF) model is a challenge. Several econometric methods hav...

Download or read book The Measurement of Productive Efficiency and Productivity Growth written by Harold O. Fried and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Harold Fried, et al. published The Measurement of Productive Efficiency: Techniques and Applications with OUP in 1993, the book received a great deal of professional interest for its accessible treatment of the rapidly growing field of efficiency and productivity analysis. The first several chapters, providing the background, motivation, and theoretical foundations for this topic, were the most widely recognized. In this tight, direct update, these same editors have compiled over ten years of the most recent research in this changing field, and expanded on those seminal chapters. The book will guide readers from the basic models to the latest, cutting-edge extensions, and will be reinforced by references to classic and current theoretical and applied research. It is intended for professors and graduate students in a variety of fields, ranging from economics to agricultural economics, business administration, management science, and public administration. It should also appeal to public servants and policy makers engaged in business performance analysis or regulation.