Download or read book Fan Response to League Playoff Structure and Consecutive Season Competitive Balance in Professional Sports written by Ryan L. Spalding and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Competitive balance (the level of equality of playing talent across teams) is presumed to be a necessary element for league success due to the unique inter-dependent economic nature of professional sports which requires teams to have financially healthy rivals in order to field games (Rottenberg 1956). Underlying this notion is the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis, which suggests that a fan's interest in professional sports is dependent on various levels of uncertainty of outcome: individual game uncertainty (who will win the game), individual season uncertainty (who will win the championship), and consecutive season uncertainty (does the same team win the championship every year) (Cairns 1987). Although there is an expanding body of literature that empirically tests the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis, most of it focuses on attendance responses to within-game or within-season measures of competitive balance. In addition, nearly all previous studies focus on regular season outcomes only and completely ignore the playoffs (Longley and Lacey 2012). Filling in a notable gap in the literature, this dissertation thus uses a new metric of competitive balance that relies on inter-seasonal measures of qualification for and advancement in the playoffs. In addition to measuring fan response to this new measure of competitive balance that incorporates both playoff outcomes and consecutive season effects in a novel way, this dissertation also investigates the effects of league playoff rules on competitive balance. No previous study has analyzed how the number of teams that qualify for the playoffs affects fan interest in a league through competitive balance concerns. On the one hand, increasing the number of teams that qualify for the playoffs should increase fan interest by increasing the overall pool of teams that are competitive for a playoff spot. On the other hand, increasing the number of teams that qualify for the playoffs shifts the importance from the regular season to the playoffs, reducing fan interest in the regular season. This dissertation empirically investigates the issue of fan response (as measured by league-wide regular season attendance figures) to varying levels of inter-seasonal competitive balance as measured by the churn of playoff qualifying/advancing teams and as affected by league playoff structures that dictate the number of teams making the playoffs. The results show that small changes in league playoff structure can significantly affect attendance. It is predicted that if Major League Baseball were to further increase the number of teams that make the playoffs from 10 to 12, the average attendance per game would increase by over 4,300 (about 14% of the current average). In the National Hockey League, a reduction in the number of teams that make the playoffs from 16 to 14 is expected to increase the average attendance per game by over 700 (about 4% of the current average). These results highlight the importance of including playoff considerations when investigating the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis as well as the value of competitive balance to sport league success.
Download or read book Fans of the World Unite written by Stephen F. Ross and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2008-08-19 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fans of baseball, football, basketball, and hockey have long been exploited and oppressed by the monopolistic practices of team owners. The time has come for a revolution in the organization of major U.S. sports! Fans of the World, Unite! is a clarion call to sports fans. Appealing to anyone who is in despair due to the greed and incompetence of team owners, this book proposes a significant restructuring of sports leagues. It sets out a rational program for a revolution that will serve the best interests of the fans and of the sport itself. But Stephen F. Ross and Stefan Szymanski are no Marxists: they show how a revolution in the organization of sports might even benefit the owners. By harnessing the power of markets, sports leagues can be made both more responsive to the needs of the fans, and more efficient. Ross and Szymanski have spent many years evaluating the ways in which leagues work across the globe. Drawing on their extensive study of leagues, the authors boil down their plan to two major reforms. Borrowing from NASCAR, they propose that team owners should not own sports leagues as well. Rather, league ownership should be separate. Their second proposal is drawn from soccer: introduce competition through a promotion and relegation system. In this type of system, the worst teams in the league are kicked out at the end of the season and replaced by the best performing teams in the next division down. This gives poor performing teams incentive to step up their game, and allows fresh blood to enter the leagues if the poor performers fail to do so. The main goal of these reforms is to align the financial interest of those who own the league with the best interests of the fans and the sport. Having laid out the problem and the solution, the authors skillfully address practical implications of introducing their scheme, suggesting how leagues might at least make some changes, if not all of those suggested. The time for change has come! Armed with this book, and with fairness on their side, fans can set forth to begin a revolution.
Download or read book Governance and Competition in Professional Sports Leagues written by Plácido Rodríguez and published by Universidad de Oviedo. This book was released on 2007 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is the result of the II Congress of Sports Economics (Gijón, Spain, May 3-5, 2007) devoted to League Governance and Competition. It is organized in three different parts. The first one deals with governance in leagues and in professional sports in general. The second part analyses the consequences of different changes in the competition system at the European level. The third part has an institutional approach and different cases of governance in football leagues around the world are analysed.
Download or read book Organization Control and the Single Entity Defense in Antitrust written by Dean V. Williamson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scorecasting written by Tobias Moskowitz and published by Crown. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Scorecasting, University of Chicago behavioral economist Tobias Moskowitz teams up with veteran Sports Illustrated writer L. Jon Wertheim to overturn some of the most cherished truisms of sports, and reveal the hidden forces that shape how basketball, baseball, football, and hockey games are played, won and lost. Drawing from Moskowitz's original research, as well as studies from fellow economists such as bestselling author Richard Thaler, the authors look at: the influence home-field advantage has on the outcomes of games in all sports and why it exists; the surprising truth about the universally accepted axiom that defense wins championships; the subtle biases that umpires exhibit in calling balls and strikes in key situations; the unintended consequences of referees' tendencies in every sport to "swallow the whistle," and more. Among the insights that Scorecasting reveals: • Why Tiger Woods is prone to the same mistake in high-pressure putting situations that you and I are • Why professional teams routinely overvalue draft picks • The myth of momentum or the "hot hand" in sports, and why so many fans, coaches, and broadcasters fervently subscribe to it • Why NFL coaches rarely go for a first down on fourth-down situations--even when their reluctance to do so reduces their chances of winning. In an engaging narrative that takes us from the putting greens of Augusta to the grid iron of a small parochial high school in Arkansas, Scorecasting will forever change how you view the game, whatever your favorite sport might be.
Download or read book Competitive Balance in Football written by Jonathan Michie and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Money Pitch written by Roger Abrams and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 2000-05-05 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professional baseball players have always been well paid. In 1869, Harry Wright paid his Cincinnati Red Stockings about seven times what an average working-man earned. Today, on average, players earn more than fifty times the average worker's salary. In fact, on December 12, 1998, pitcher Kevin Brown agreed to a seven-year, $105,000,000 contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers, the first nine-figure contract in baseball history. Brown will be earning over $400,000 per game; more than 17,000 fans have to show up at Dodger Stadium every night just to pay his salary. Why are baseball players paid so much money? In this insightful book, legal scholar and salary arbitrator Roger Abrams tells the story of how a few thousand very talented young men obtain their extraordinary riches. Juggling personal experience and business economics, game theory and baseball history, he explains how agents negotiate compensation, how salary arbitration works, and how the free agency "auction" operates. In addition, he looks at the context in which these systems operate: the players' collective bargaining agreement, the distribution of quality players among the clubs, even the costs of other forms of entertainment with which baseball competes. Throughout, Dean Abrams illustrates his explanations with stories and quotations -- even an occasional statistic, though following the dictum of star pitcher, club owner, and sporting goods tycoon Albert Spalding, he has kept the book as free of these as possible. He explains supply and demand by the cost of a bar of soap for Christy Mathewson's shower. He illustrates salary negotiation with an imaginary case based on Roy Hobbs, star of The National. He leads the reader through the breath-taking successes of agent Scott Boras to explain the intricacies of free agent negotiating. Although studies have shown that increases in admissions prices precede rather than follow the rise in player salaries, fans are understandably bemused by skyrocketing salaries. Dean Abrams does not shy away from the question of whether it is "fair" for an athlete to earn more than $10,000,000 a year. He looks at issues of player (and team) loyalty and player attitudes, both today and historically, and at what increased salaries have meant for the national pastime, financially and in the eyes of its fans. The Money Pitch concludes that "the money pitch is a story of good fortune, good timing, and great leadership, all resulting from playing a child's game -- a story that is uniquely American."
Download or read book Pay Dirt written by James P. Quirk and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why would a Japanese millionaire want to buy the Seattle Mariners baseball team, when he has admitted that he has never played in or even seen a baseball game? Cash is the answer: major league baseball, like professional football, basketball, and hockey, is now big business with the potential to bring millions of dollars in profits to owners. Not very long ago, however, buying a sports franchise was a hazardous investment risked only by die-hard fans wealthy enough to lose parts of fortunes made in other businesses. What forces have changed team ownership from sports-fan folly to big-business savvy? Why has The Wall Street Journal become popular reading in pro sports locker rooms? And why are sports pages now dominated by economic clashes between owners and players, cities with franchises and cities without them, leagues and players' unions, and team lawyers and players' lawyers? In answering these questions, James Quirk and Rodney Fort have written the most complete book on the business and economics of professional sports, past and present. Pay Dirt offers a wealth of information and analysis on the reserve clause, salary determination, competitive balance in sports leagues, the market for franchises, tax sheltering, arenas and stadiums, and rival leagues. The authors present an abundance of historical material, much of it new, including team ownership histories and data on attendance, TV revenue, stadium and arena contracts, and revenues and costs. League histories, team statistics, stories about players and owners, and sports lore of all kinds embellish the work. Quirk and Fort are writing for anyone interested in sports in the 1990s: players, players' agents, general managers, sportswriters, and, most of all, sports fans.
Download or read book May the Best Team Win written by Andrew Zimbalist and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economics Uncertainty and European Football written by Loek Groot and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2008-01-25 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Always wanted to know which European football league offers the most exciting competition? Or, when defensive play and erratic referees enhance the suspense? Interested to find out how a return to the situation of the non-commercial 1950s can prevent a collapse of the top leagues? If you also want to learn how to do your own football statistics, then this book by Mr. Loek Groot is the football book you have been waiting for all these years.' - Harrie Verbon, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Download or read book The Economics of Sports Betting written by Plácido Rodríguez and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book delves into a number of intriguing issues and addresses several pertinent questions including, should gambling markets be privatized? Is the ‘hot hand’ hypothesis real or a myth? Are the ‘many’ smarter than the ‘few’ in estimating betting odds? How are prices set in fixed odds betting markets? The book also explores the informational efficiency of betting markets and the prevalence of corruption and illegal betting in sports.
Download or read book Moneyball The Art of Winning an Unfair Game written by Michael Lewis and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2004-03-17 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael Lewis’s instant classic may be “the most influential book on sports ever written” (People), but “you need know absolutely nothing about baseball to appreciate the wit, snap, economy and incisiveness of [Lewis’s] thoughts about it” (Janet Maslin, New York Times). One of GQ's 50 Best Books of Literary Journalism of the 21st Century Just before the 2002 season opens, the Oakland Athletics must relinquish its three most prominent (and expensive) players and is written off by just about everyone—but then comes roaring back to challenge the American League record for consecutive wins. How did one of the poorest teams in baseball win so many games? In a quest to discover the answer, Michael Lewis delivers not only “the single most influential baseball book ever” (Rob Neyer, Slate) but also what “may be the best book ever written on business” (Weekly Standard). Lewis first looks to all the logical places—the front offices of major league teams, the coaches, the minds of brilliant players—but discovers the real jackpot is a cache of numbers?numbers!?collected over the years by a strange brotherhood of amateur baseball enthusiasts: software engineers, statisticians, Wall Street analysts, lawyers, and physics professors. What these numbers prove is that the traditional yardsticks of success for players and teams are fatally flawed. Even the box score misleads us by ignoring the crucial importance of the humble base-on-balls. This information had been around for years, and nobody inside Major League Baseball paid it any mind. And then came Billy Beane, general manager of the Oakland Athletics. He paid attention to those numbers?with the second-lowest payroll in baseball at his disposal he had to?to conduct an astonishing experiment in finding and fielding a team that nobody else wanted. In a narrative full of fabulous characters and brilliant excursions into the unexpected, Michael Lewis shows us how and why the new baseball knowledge works. He also sets up a sly and hilarious morality tale: Big Money, like Goliath, is always supposed to win . . . how can we not cheer for David?
Download or read book Sport Finance written by Gil Fried and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2024-03-26 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The burgeoning global sport industry is a $500 billion business with no signs of slowing down. For the upper-undergraduate and graduate sport management student exhibiting a penchant for finances and a passion for sports, the field of sport finance presents tremendous career opportunities. No other textbook connects financial principles with real-world sport finance strategies as effectively as Sport Finance, Fifth Edition With HKPropel Access. Emphasizing a more practical approach, the fifth edition goes beyond the what and how of sport finance and dives deeper into the why—the reasoning behind the principles of sport finance—providing students with an even more comprehensive perspective on what drives the financial success or failure of any sport entity. The text is organized into five areas, focused on the hard skills tomorrow’s sport financiers must master to perform their role: increasing revenues and decreasing expenses, developing budgets, understanding financial statements and ratios, obtaining funding and managing cash, and building a financial strategy. Each section features an insightful introduction by a renowned industry professional, providing a real-world perspective that’s sure to pique readers’ interest. Chapters addressing revenues and expenses include budgets from the sporting goods industry, intercollegiate athletics, and professional sports. The sport industry landscape has changed significantly since the previous edition was published, and the fifth edition reflects the new realities affecting today’s sport organizations. Addressed are name, image, and likeness (NIL) rule changes; esports; cryptocurrencies; non-fungible tokens (NFTs); sport gambling; the proliferation of broadcasting rights and the sneaker market; and the impacts of COVID-19 on the sport industry. The fifth edition’s practical takeaways are especially prominent with the addition of related online resources available to students and assignable by instructors via HKPropel. One highlight is “Two-Dollar Team,” an Excel-based simulation that introduces students to assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, budgeting, cash management, and borrowing and reveals how these specialties work together in developing financial strategies. Three other assignable class projects involve personal budgeting, expenditures, and a stock market game. Other new features include five brand-new case studies and a profile of a typical health club, “Mike’s Gym,” in which students are challenged to put their learning to the test by reading and understanding financial statements, setting budgets, and identifying strengths, weaknesses, and growth opportunities for the fictional facility. Sport Finance provides students with a thorough understanding of the financial and economic aspects of the sport industry. By analyzing sport business entities and structures, financial statements, and funding sources, students will acquire the skills to make more informed and effective financial decisions, better manage the risks, and recognize opportunities in the world of sport. Note: A code for accessing HKPropel is not included with this ebook but may be purchased separately.
Download or read book Brand Fans written by Aaron C.T. Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining the latest branding research with a diverse range of powerful case examples, this book reveals the cutting edge techniques of value co-creation, personalisation and customer engagement employed by sport’s leading brands. Based on the transferable lessons that emanate from these practices, Brand Fans explores and illuminates how firms can cultivate connected fans and lifelong advocates, while building brand equity exponentially in the process. This is a book that will appeal to scholars and practitioners alike, as well as anyone fascinated by modern marketing, consumer relationships and branding.
Download or read book Basketball Sports Medicine and Science written by Lior Laver and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-05 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed as a comprehensive educational resource not only for basketball medical caregivers and scientists but for all basketball personnel. Written by a multidisciplinary team of leading experts in their fields, it provides information and guidance on injury prevention, injury management, and rehabilitation for physicians, physical therapists, athletic trainers, rehabilitation specialists, conditioning trainers, and coaches. All commonly encountered injuries and a variety of situations and scenarios specific to basketball are covered with the aid of more than 200 color photos and illustrations. Basketball Sports Medicine and Science is published in collaboration with ESSKA and will represent a superb, comprehensive educational resource. It is further hoped that the book will serve as a link between the different disciplines and modalities involved in basketball care, creating a common language and improving communication within the team staff and environment.
Download or read book Big Time Sports in American Universities written by Charles T. Clotfelter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-21 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book expands on the argument that spectator sports, despite their problems, have become a central function of American universities.
Download or read book The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia written by Gary Gillette and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 1880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details statistics from United States baseball teams and players from before 1900 through the previous season, including draft information, and provides lists of award winners and world champion teams.
