Download or read book Too Many Children Left Behind written by Bruce Bradbury and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2015-06-30 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The belief that with hard work and determination, all children have the opportunity to succeed in life is a cherished part of the American Dream. Yet, increased inequality in America has made that dream more difficult for many to obtain. In Too Many Children Left Behind, an international team of social scientists assesses how social mobility varies in the United States compared with Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Bruce Bradbury, Miles Corak, Jane Waldfogel, and Elizabeth Washbrook show that the academic achievement gap between disadvantaged American children and their more advantaged peers is far greater than in other wealthy countries, with serious consequences for their future life outcomes. With education the key to expanding opportunities for those born into low socioeconomic status families, Too Many Children Left Behind helps us better understand educational disparities and how to reduce them. Analyzing data on 8,000 school children in the United States, the authors demonstrate that disadvantages that begin early in life have long lasting effects on academic performance. The social inequalities that children experience before they start school contribute to a large gap in test scores between low- and high-SES students later in life. Many children from low-SES backgrounds lack critical resources, including books, high-quality child care, and other goods and services that foster the stimulating environment necessary for cognitive development. The authors find that not only is a child’s academic success deeply tied to his or her family background, but that this class-based achievement gap does not narrow as the child proceeds through school. The authors compare test score gaps from the United States with those from three other countries and find smaller achievement gaps and greater social mobility in all three, particularly in Canada. The wider availability of public resources for disadvantaged children in those countries facilitates the early child development that is fundamental for academic success. All three countries provide stronger social services than the United States, including universal health insurance, universal preschool, paid parental leave, and other supports. The authors conclude that the United States could narrow its achievement gap by adopting public policies that expand support for children in the form of tax credits, parenting programs, and pre-K. With economic inequalities limiting the futures of millions of children, Too Many Children Left Behind is a timely study that uses global evidence to show how the United States can do more to level the playing field.

Download or read book Family Size and Achievement written by Judith Blake and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2022-07-15 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The children born since the end of the postwar baby boom are the first in American history to come primarily from small families—families of three or fewer children. Judith Blake calls this momentous change the sibsize revolution, and this book focuses on the cognitive and educational consequences to children of families of different sizes. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1989.

Download or read book Primary and Secondary Education During Covid 19 written by Fernando M. Reimers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access edited volume is a comparative effort to discern the short-term educational impact of the covid-19 pandemic on students, teachers and systems in Brazil, Chile, Finland, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, Spain, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. One of the first academic comparative studies of the educational impact of the pandemic, the book explains how the interruption of in person instruction and the variable efficacy of alternative forms of education caused learning loss and disengagement with learning, especially for disadvantaged students. Other direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic diminished the ability of families to support children and youth in their education. For students, as well as for teachers and school staff, these included the economic shocks experienced by families, in some cases leading to food insecurity and in many more causing stress and anxiety and impacting mental health. Opportunity to learn was also diminished by the shocks and trauma experienced by those with a close relative infected by the virus, and by the constrains on learning resulting from students having to learn at home, where the demands of schoolwork had to be negotiated with other family necessities, often sharing limited space. Furthermore, the prolonged stress caused by the uncertainty over the resolution of the pandemic and resulting from the knowledge that anyone could be infected and potentially lose their lives, created a traumatic context for many that undermined the necessary focus and dedication to schoolwork. These individual effects were reinforced by community effects, particularly for students and teachers living in communities where the multifaceted negative impacts resulting from the pandemic were pervasive. This is an open access book.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Engaging Immigrant Families and Promoting Academic Success for English Language Learners written by Onchwari, Grace and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few years, there has been an influx of immigrant children into the school system, many with a limited understanding of English. Successfully teaching these students requires educators to understand their characteristics and to learn how to engage immigrant families to support their children’s academic achievements. The Handbook of Research on Engaging Immigrant Families and Promoting Academic Success for English Language Learners is a collection of innovative research that utilizes teacher professional development models, assessment practices, teaching strategies, and parental involvement strategies to develop ways for communities and educators to create social and academic conditions that promote the academic success of immigrant and English language learners. While highlighting topics including bilingual learners, family engagement, and teacher development, this book is ideally designed for early childhood, elementary, middle, K-12, and secondary school teachers; school administrators; faculty; academicians; and researchers.

Download or read book Consequences of Growing Up Poor written by Greg J. Duncan and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1997-06-19 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in five American children now live in families with incomes below the povertyline, and their prospects are not bright. Low income is statistically linked with a variety of poor outcomes for children, from low birth weight and poor nutrition in infancy to increased chances of academic failure, emotional distress, and unwed childbirth in adolescence. To address these problems it is not enough to know that money makes a difference; we need to understand how. Consequences of Growing Up Poor is an extensive and illuminating examination of the paths through which economic deprivation damages children at all stages of their development. In Consequences of Growing Up Poor, developmental psychologists, economists, and sociologists revisit a large body of studies to answer specific questions about how low income puts children at risk intellectually, emotionally, and physically. Many of their investigations demonstrate that although income clearly creates disadvantages, it does so selectively and in a wide variety of ways. Low-income preschoolers exhibit poorer cognitive and verbal skills because they are generally exposed to fewer toys, books, and other stimulating experiences in the home. Poor parents also tend to rely on home-based child care, where the quality and amount of attention children receive is inferior to that of professional facilities. In later years, conflict between economically stressed parents increases anxiety and weakens self-esteem in their teenaged children. Although they share economic hardships, the home lives of poor children are not homogenous. Consequences of Growing Up Poor investigates whether such family conditions as the marital status, education, and involvement of parents mitigate the ill effects of poverty. Consequences of Growing Up Poor also looks at the importance of timing: Does being poor have a different impact on preschoolers, children, and adolescents? When are children most vulnerable to poverty? Some contributors find that poverty in the prenatal or early childhood years appears to be particularly detrimental to cognitive development and physical health. Others offer evidence that lower income has a stronger negative effect during adolescence than in childhood or adulthood. Based on their findings, the editors and contributors to Consequences of Growing Up Poor recommend more sharply focused child welfare policies targeted to specific eras and conditions of poor children's lives. They also weigh the relative need for income supplements, child care subsidies, and home interventions. Consequences of Growing Up Poor describes the extent and causes of hardships for poor children, defines the interaction between income and family, and offers solutions to improve young lives. JEANNE BROOKS-GUNN is Virginia and Leonard Marx Professor of Child Development at Teachers College, Columbia University. She is also director of the Center for Young Children and Families, and co-directs the Adolescent Study Program at Teachers College.

Download or read book The Economic Consequences of Health Shocks written by Adam Wagstaff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "While there is a great deal of anecdotal evidence on the economic effects of adverse health shocks, there is relatively little hard empirical evidence. The author builds on recent empirical work to explore in the context of postreform Vietnam two related issues: (1) how far household income and medical care spending responds to health shocks, and (2) how far household consumption is protected against health shocks. The results suggest that adverse health shocks - captured by negative changes in body mass index (BMI) - are associated with reductions in earned income. This appears to be only partly - if at all - due to a reverse feedback from income changes to BMI changes. By contrast, there is a hint - the relevant coefficient is not significant - that adverse BMI shocks may result in increases in unearned income. This may reflect additional gifts, remittances, and so on, from family and friends following the health shock. Medical spending is found to increase following an adverse health shock, but not among those with health insurance. The impact for the uninsured is large, equal in absolute size to the income loss associated with a BMI shock. The lack of impact for the insured points to complete insurance against the medical care costs associated with health shocks, and is consistent with the very generous coverage of Vietnam's health insurance program in this period. The question arises: have Vietnamese households been able to hold their food and nonfood consumption constant in the face of these income reductions and extra medical care outlays? The results suggest not. For the sample as a whole, both food and nonfood consumption are found to be responsive to health shocks, indicating an inability to smooth nonmedical consumption in the face of health shocks. Further analysis reveals some interesting differences across different groups within the sample. Households with insurance come no closer to smoothing nonmedical consumption than uninsured households. Furthermore, and somewhat counterintuitively, better-off households - including insured households - fare worse than poorer households in smoothing their nonmedical consumption in the face of health shocks, despite the fact that in the case of insured households there are no medical bills associated with an adverse health event. Why the poor rely on dissaving and borrowing to such an extent, and do not apparently reduce their food and nonfood consumption following an adverse health shock while the better-off do, may be because the levels of food and nonfood consumption of the poor are simply too low relative to basic needs to enable them to cut back in the face of an adverse BMI shock."--World Bank web site.

Download or read book Education and the Family written by Leon Feinstein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why it is that success, deprivation or disadvantage are so often passed down intergenerationally? What part does education play? The educational achievement of parents is often reflected in that of their children and there are many underlying causes for such a relationship. Education and the Family argues that government policy has an important role to play in addressing this inequality even though many of the causes lie within the home. Although each child should be supported to achieve his or her objectives, differences in the willingness or capabilities of families to take advantage of educational opportunities exacerbate social class differences and limit actual equality of opportunity for many. Understanding the causes of this transmission is key to tackling both social class inequality and to expanding the skill base of the economy. By providing an overview of academic and policy thinking in relation to the role of the family, this book explores the educational success of children. It focuses on the education of the parents but also considers how the family - compared to wider, external influences such as schools - is a driver of differences in educational outcomes. It concludes with a consideration of what policy-makers are attempting to do about this key issue and why, and how this will impact on schools and teachers. This book will interest researchers and academics in education and social policy, as well as teachers and other education and social policy practitioners.

Download or read book Family Shock written by Gary R. Collins and published by Tyndale House Publishers. This book was released on 1995 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gary Collins' Family Shock gives sound Biblical advice to help build strong families in the midst of change and negative cultural forces. Family Shock explores the effects of change, looks at families in the midst of crises, examines the influence of government and community on the family, and helps families prepare for the transition into the twenty-first century. Also included are charts highlighting recent family trends and statistics, and fifty articles by family experts such as Jill and Stuart Briscoe, Larry Crabb, Frank Minirth, Paul Meier, and Steve Arterburn. - Midwest Book Review.

Download or read book Family Engagement in Black Students Academic Success written by Vilma Seeberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-15 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume presents powerful stories told by Black families and students who have successfully negotiated a racially fraught, affluent, and diverse suburban school district in America, to illustrate how they have strategically contested sanctioned racist practices and forged a path for students to achieve a high-quality education. Drawing on rich qualitative data collected through interviews and interactions with parents and kin, students, community activists, and educators, Family Engagement in Black Students’ Academic Success chronicles how pride in Black American family history and values, students’ personal capabilities, and their often collective, proactive challenges to systemic and personal racism shape students’ academic engagement. Familial and collective cultural wealth of the Black community emerges as a central driver in students’ successful achievement. Finally, the text puts forward key recommendations to demonstrate how incorporating the knowledge and voices of Black families in school decision making, remaining critically conscious of race and racial history in everyday actions and longer term policy, and pursuing collective strategies for social justice in education, will help eliminate current opportunity gaps, and will counteract the master narrative of underachievement ever-present in America. This volume will be of interest to students, scholars, and academics with an interest in matters of social justice, equity, and equality of opportunity in education for Black Americans. In addition, the text offers key insights for school authorities in building effective working relationships with Black American families to support the high achievement of Black students in K-12 education.

Download or read book Handbook of Family Resilience written by Dorothy S. Becvar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-24 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resilience is a topic that is currently receiving increased attention. In general, resilience refers to the capacity of those who, even under the most stressful circumstances, are able to cope, to rebound, and to go on and thrive. Resilient families are able to regain their balance following crises that arise as a function of either nature or nurture, and to continue to encourage and support their members as they deal with the necessary requirements for accommodation, adaptation and, ultimately, healthy survival. Handbook of Family Resilience provides a broad body of knowledge regarding the traits and patterns found to characterize resilient individuals and well-functioning families, including those with diverse structures, various ethnic backgrounds and a variety of non-traditional forms. This Handbook brings together a variety of perspectives aimed at understanding and helping to facilitate resilience in families relative to a full range of challenges.

Download or read book Digital Shock Seven Shocks that are Shaping the Future written by Dr. Jagdish Sheth and published by Vibrant Publishers. This book was released on 2025-01-22 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world where technology shapes every aspect of our lives, “Digital Shock: Seven Shocks That Are Shaping the Future” delves into the profound disruptions we face today—and those still to come. Digital technologies like the Internet and social media have thrust us into unforeseen and new ways of life. We are also witnessing rapid advancements in fields such as Codifying Trust, Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Computing, and others. In this digital age, technology has transformed mobility and agriculture, but it has also led to resource depletion and health issues. How did we manage these shifts in the past, and how will we cope with even greater changes in the present and future? Will we survive in the current world of the Internet, mobile phones, eCommerce, and social media? Or, are we in for a rude shock? Will we adapt or become a lonely ‘Society of One’? “Digital Shock,” written by prominent global thought leaders and some of the most published authors of our time, identifies seven shocks we are all experiencing in the 21st century. These include coping with digital addiction, families living like roommates, the emergence of virtual communities, the borderless world of social media, lack of governance, and the need to adaptively reuse physical assets like factories and malls. Contrary to doomsday thinkers, we believe humanity will not only absorb each shock but also consider it as an opportunity for more discoveries and innovations. We foresee that with our cognitive capabilities, and some proactive planning by each individual and society, we will once again embrace the future not only to survive but also to thrive. Hence, this book is neither academic nor prescriptive, nor is it a treatise on technology. It differs in its execution and engagement of this critical subject that impacts all our lives.

Download or read book Teacher Shocks and Student Learning written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A large literature examines the link between shocks to households and the educational attainment of children. The authors use new data to estimate the impact of shocks to teachers on student learning in mathematics and English. Using absenteeism in the 30 days preceding the survey as a measure of these shocks they find large impacts: A 5 percent increase in the teacher's absence rate reduces learning by 4 to 8 percent of average gains over the year. This reduction in learning achievement likely reflects both the direct effect of increased absenteeism and the indirect effects of less lesson preparation and lower teaching quality when in class. The authors document that health problems-primarily teachers' own illness and the illnesses of their family members-account for more than 60 percent of teacher absences; not surprising in a country struggling with an HIV/AIDS epidemic. The relationship between shocks to teachers and student learning suggests that households are unable to substitute adequately for teaching inputs. Excess teaching capacity that allows for the greater use of substitute teachers could lead to larger gains in student learning. "--World Bank web site.

Download or read book Childcare Early Education and Social Inequality written by Hans-Peter Blossfeld and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognising that social change over recent decades has strengthened the need for early childhood education and care, this book seeks to answer what role this plays in creating and compensating for social inequalities in educational attainment.

Download or read book What Money Can t Buy written by Susan E. Mayer and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children from poor families generally do a lot worse than children from affluent families. They are more likely to develop behavior problems, to score lower on standardized tests, and to become adults in need of public assistance. Susan Mayer asks whether income directly affects children's life chances, as many experts believe, or if the factors that cause parents to have low incomes also impede their children's life chances. She explores the question of causation with remarkable ingenuity. First, she compares the value of income from different sources to determine, for instance, if a dollar from welfare is as valuable as a dollar from wages. She then investigates whether parents' income after an event, such as teenage childbearing, can predict that event. If it can, this suggests that income is a proxy for unmeasured characteristics that affect both income and the event. Next she compares children living in states that pay high welfare benefits with children living in states with low benefits. Finally, she examines whether national income trends have the expected impact on children. Regardless of the research technique, the author finds that the effect of income on children's outcomes is smaller than many experts have thought. Mayer then shows that the things families purchase as their income increases, such as cars and restaurant meals, seldom help children succeed. On the other hand, many of the things that do benefit children, such as books and educational outings, cost so little that their consumption depends on taste rather than income. Money alone, Mayer concludes, does not buy either the material or the psychological well-being that children require to succeed.

Download or read book Myth Or Reality written by Henry T. Trueba and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the reality of Asian successes and problems and challenges faced by immigrants in the USA. Case studies and episodes are presented and the book shows data that calibrates the differential success of various Asian populations and the need to assist those who are less successful.

Download or read book Emergent Bilingual Students and Their Academic Performance written by John R. Slate and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-07 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emergent Bilinguals, formerly known as English Language Learners, are one of the fastest growing subgroups in the United States. Their educational needs are not well met by the educational system. In this book, we report results of empirical, multiyear studies about their reading and mathematics performance, both at the elementary school and high school levels. Given that state education agencies collect enormous amounts of information that are typically not well analyzed, this book serves as an exemplar of secondary data analyses. Educational leaders, educational researchers, and legislators and policymakers, will find the chapters in this book useful. Findings from these statewide analyses can provide readers with baselines of the performance of Emergent Bilingual students, prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, in reading and in mathematics. Changes in instructional practices and in educational programming could be made based upon the numerous statistical results present in this book.

Download or read book After the Bell written by Karen Albright and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-06-19 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the social and economic factors of schooling and will prove an intriguing read for sociologists, social economists and policy-makers alike.