Download or read book Fair Value Accounting Transparency and Financial Stability written by Lucas Mahieux and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prudential regulation of financial institutions relies on asset values measured based on accounting standards. This paper examines how this regulation affects financial institutions' incentives to use Level 2 versus Level 3 fair value reporting and how their endogenous choice affects systemic risk and the informativeness of financial institutions' financial statements. Crucially, Level 3 reporting allows financial institutions to use their private information, whereas Level 2 fair values are measured using publicly observable inputs. My analysis of the Level 3 reporting externalities highlights an interesting tradeoff between transparency and financial stability. Relative to Level 2 reporting, Level 3 reporting reduces the consistency and comparability of financial statements but can decrease systemic risk. Furthermore, manipulation makes Level 3 reporting less desirable, which may in turn increase systemic risk. The model reconciles the conflicting empirical evidence on the role of fair value accounting during the 2007-08 financial crisis, and provides new policy implications.

Download or read book Fair Value Accounting written by E. Menicucci and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2008 financial crisis has turned a spotlight on the role of financial reporting in periods of economic downturn. In analysing the financial crisis, many commentators have attributed blame to fair value accounting (FVA) because of the pro-cyclical effect it potentially introduces in banks' financial statements. This book discusses how FVA affects financial reporting during a financial crisis. It provides an in-depth analysis of the key benefits and negatives of FVA, and discusses the controversial practice of trade-offs with historical cost accounting (HCA). It provides an overview of the principles and applications of FVA, and explains its impact on banks' financial statements. Investigating the effect of FVA on the volatility of earnings and regulatory capital in European banks, the book asks whether incremental volatility is indeed reflected in bank share prices. It examines empirical evidence to quantify the role that FVA may have played in times of stress in the banking sector, both in Europe and elsewhere. Fair Value Accounting explores the criticism FVA has received despite its perceived merits, and summarizes the various opposing views of parties in this major policy debate, which has involved banking and accounting regulators from across the globe.

Download or read book Fair Value Accounting in Distressed Markets written by Amir Amel-Zadeh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we review the existing evidence on the role of fair value accounting in transforming what started as a liquidity shock at the beginning of the Financial Crisis of 2007-08 into a solvency crisis and ultimately systemic bank failures. The paper discusses the academic evidence on the conflict in the interaction of accounting measurements - intended to increase transparency - and bank solvency regulation, whose aim is to ensure financial stability. It focuses on fair value accounting in distressed markets with the purpose to stimulate further research in this area.

Download or read book Economic Consequences of Fair Value Reclassifications of Financial Assets According to IAS 39 written by Meryem Önüt and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 2,0, University of Hohenheim, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to provide direct empirical evidence on the use of the Amendment according to IAS 39 regarding the reclassification of financial instruments. It therefore reviews what happened when the accounting policies were switched from fair value accounting to historical accounting during the financial crisis in 2008. Using a sample of manually collected data from Western European banks, the thesis empiri-cally examines which banks used this reclassification option to deal with problematic financial assets and how these reclassification activities are correlated with other firm characteristics. Furthermore, the thesis shows the influence of the amount of assets in each fair value level on the fair value hierarchy and the impact of the banks’ regulatory capital during the height of the financial crises on the use of the relaxation option. The final aim is to analyze the economic consequences of this option and to determine how beneficial it is for the global financial system, considering that banks will again make use of this sort of permission in other, future crises. After the development of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) in 2001, the European Union (EU) decided to unify the jurisdictions for all listed corporations and therefore decreed a mandatory adoption of IFRS in the EU. The EU reasoned that common ac-counting standards improve capital market efficiency and reduce information processing and auditing costs. However, the decisive reason for the adoption of IFRS was that today’s global economy requires global standards to ensure transparency, accountability and comparability of financial accounts. IFRS was preferred because of its focus on a fair value-based method of accounting compared to historical cost accounting, and the EU claimed that adopting IFRS would bring financial stability while serving the interests of the public.

Download or read book Effects of Fair Value Relaxation During a Crisis written by Oana Maria Georgescu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fair value accounting (FVA) rules were relaxed through an ad-hoc amendment of IAS 39 at the height of the financial crisis in October 2008. The extent to which the trade-off between financial stability and transparency implied by this measure was reflected in the reaction of bond and equity markets is analyzed in an event study setting. For credit markets, there is at most inconclusive evidence that transparency concerns dominated potential financial stability benefits implied by the reclassification option. For equity markets, the evidence that the October announcement implied financial stability gains for a subset of regulatory constrained banks is weak. Overall, the results suggest that the financial stability benefits of the introduction of the reclassification option are contained.

Download or read book Accounting discretion of banks during a financial crisis written by Mr.Luc Laeven and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper shows that banks use accounting discretion to overstate the value of distressed assets. Banks' balance sheets overvalue real estate-related assets compared to the market value of these assets, especially during the U.S. mortgage crisis. Share prices of banks with large exposure to mortgage-backed securities also react favorably to recent changes in accounting rules that relax fair-value accounting, and these banks provision less for bad loans. Furthermore, distressed banks use discretion in the classification of mortgage-backed securities to inflate their books. Our results indicate that banks' balance sheets offer a distorted view of the financial health of the banks.

Download or read book The Economic Trade Offs in the Fair Value Debate written by Haresh Sapra and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, I provide two general insights that are useful in evaluating the economic trade-offs of alternative accounting measurement rules. First, when there are multiple imperfections in the world, restricting a strict subset of it need not always improve welfare. Second, a firm is not a black box that operates independently of the measurement environment. Measuring a firm's operations affects the firm's actions which, in turn, affect the underlying distribution of cash flows that is being measured. Using these two insights, I discuss the economic consequences of accounting measurement rules that strive for greater transparency. In particular, I focus on the costs and benefits of fair value accounting and its implications for financial stability.

Download or read book Fair Value Accounting and Financial Stability written by Andrea Enria and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fair Value Accounting and Procyclicality Implications for Regulation and Financial Stability written by Oana-Maria Georgescu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Restoring Financial Stability written by New York University Stern School of Business and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-23 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insightful look at how to reform our broken financial system The financial crisis that unfolded in September 2008 transformed the United States and world economies. As each day's headlines brought stories of bank failures and rescues, government policies drawn and redrawn against the backdrop of an historic Presidential election, and solutions that seemed to be discarded almost as soon as they were proposed, a group of thirty-three academics at New York University Stern School of Business began tackling the hard questions behind the headlines. Representing fields of finance, economics, and accounting, these professors-led by Dean Thomas Cooley and Vice Dean Ingo Walter-shaped eighteen independent policy papers that proposed market-focused solutions to the problems within a common framework. In December, with great urgency, they sent hand-bound copies to Washington. Restoring Financial Stability is the culmination of their work. Proposes bold, yet principled approaches-including financial policy alternatives and specific courses of action-to deal with this unprecedented, systemic financial crisis Created by the contributions of various academics from New York University's Stern School of Business Provides important perspectives on both the causes of the global financial crisis as well as proposed solutions to ensure it doesn't happen again Contains detailed evaluations and analyses covering many spectrums of the marketplace Edited by Matthew Richardson and Viral Acharya, this reliable resource brings together the best thinking of finance and economics from the faculty of one of the top universities in world.

Download or read book Accounting Standards written by C. Padmavathi and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accounting and reporting practices vary from one country to another, leading to differences in information revealed in financial statements. But with globalization, accounting is fast becoming redundant due to a lack of similar accounting rules. This book

Download or read book Did Basel III Miss the Point The Role of IFRS s Other Comprehensive Income During the Financial Crisis written by Kenneth Born and published by Anchor Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2017 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The broad consensus before the recent financial crisis was that the so called fair value accounting (FVA) improves transparency contrary to the historical cost model. Since 2008, the discussion has been on the root cause of the crisis, which lessons can be gleaned from it and how making the same mistakes again can be avoided. Basel III was implemented in order to improve the regulatory environment and was the response of regulators and politicians to public pressure and suspicions raised by the bail out programmes for banks. Consequently, an until then inconceivable number of new regulations and regulatory bodies were introduced. FVA was also blamed as part of the cause of the recent financial crisis. Available-for Sales (AfS) securities represent a major component of bank balance sheet asset. Gains and losses of AfS-positions are recorded within the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). The OCI includes items which are not recognized (IAS 1.7) in income statements but increase or decrease a bank’s equity. The items also include income and expenses from Available-for-Sale positions (AfS) in accordance with IAS 39. On October 13th, 2008, an amendment to IAS 39 was published by IASB. This amendment did authorize the reclassification of assets. This amendment clearly demonstrates the influence of FVA on the value of assets of banks that apply IFRS. The main objective of this book is to verify the influence of OCI and whether the new regulations sufficiently capture this critical factor. Regulators should ensure that unrealized profits do not result in a capital drain. One way to assure this is to make OCI subject to a prudential filter and to deduct it from regulatory capital, which was the case until CRR became effective on January 1st, 2014 (CEBS guideline 2004). Basel III is even less strict than Basel II in that regard. Article 26(1) CRR clearly states that CET1 items must be recognized only in case they are really available to the financial institution for “unrestricted and immediate use to cover risks or losses as soon as these occur”. Nevertheless, with the introduction of the CRR, the prudential filter for positions that caused the financial crisis and led to poor capitalization of banks was not strengthened but actually removed. At present, CRR does not envisage any filter for unrealized gains parked in OCI.

Download or read book Fair Value Accounting Historical Cost Accounting and Systemic Risk written by Michael D. Greenberg and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the relationship between fair value accounting and historical cost accounting and systemic risk to the financial system, including the role that the accounting approaches played in the 2008 financial crisis.

Download or read book Bank Regulation written by Anna-Karin Stockenstrand and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bank Regulation: Effects on Strategy, Financial Accounting and Management Control discusses and problematizes how regulation is affecting bank strategies as well as their financial accounting and management control systems. Following a period of bank de-regulation, the new millennium brought a drastic change, with many new regulations. Some of these are the result of the financial crisis of 2008-2009. Other regulations, such as the introduction in 2005 of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for quoted companies in the EU, can be related to the introduction of a new global accounting regime. It is evident from annual reports of banks that the number of new regulations in recent years is high and that they cover many different functional areas. The objectives of these regulations are also ambitious; to improve governance and control, contributing to a high level of financial stability for banks. These objectives are obviously of great concern for an industry that directly and indirectly affects the financial situation not only of individuals and organizations but also nation states. Considering the importance of banks in society, it is of little surprise that the attention of both scholars and practitioners has been directed towards how banks comply with new regulations and if the intended objectives of the regulations are met. This book will be of great value to all those interested in financial stability matters (practitioners, policy-makers, students, academics), as well as to accounting and finance scholars.

Download or read book The Global Financial Crisis written by Hal S. Scott and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book offers a cutting-edge view of the global financial crisis by exploring the various statutory, regulatory, and policy responses to it. It focuses on the most recent developments and underlying policy issues. It is a valuable tool for anyone looking to understand the legal and regulatory factors implicated in the ongoing global credit crisis.

Download or read book Essays in Financial Accounting and Auditing written by Lucas Mahieux and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on financial reporting. The main objective of the first chapter is to understand the role of fair value accounting, taking into account the possibility for banks to use their private information (Level 3 reporting) to compute fair values. Namely, I analyze a model of prudential regulation to shed some light on banks' incentives to use Level 3 reporting. I bring in accounting measures as the primary inputs into capital requirements set by a regulator to efficiently allocate control rights within a bank and to provide managerial discipline. My analysis of the Level 3 reporting externalities highlights an interesting tradeoff between transparency and financial stability. On the one hand, Level 3 reporting reduces the ability for a bank's stakeholders to extract information from financial statements of similar banks. On the other hand, Level 3 reporting decreases systemic risk caused by mark-to-market accounting. Further, manipulation makes Level 3 reporting less desirable, which may in turn increase systemic risk. I believe that the framework of this chapter offers other opportunities to study the real-effects of fair value accounting that have not yet been explored. The second chapter of this thesis is co-authored with Jeremy Bertomeu of the University of California San Diego and Haresh Sapra of the University of Chicago. In this chapter, we tackle the question of the optimal loan loss provisioning system for banks. In particular, we develop first a framework to study how accounting measurement and prudential regulation interact to affect a bank's incentives to originate credit. Our main result is that the accounting measurement system and bank leverage are policy tools that should be used in tandem, generating more value than systems that rely either on accounting regulation or on prudential regulation. Then, we use our results to shed some light on the current debate on the appropriate loan loss provisioning model for banks. We show that while banks engage in excessive risk-taking under an incurred loss model, an expected loss model can lead to excessive liquidations. The third chapter of this thesis moves away from financial reporting for banks to focus on the analysis of auditors' incentives to deliver high audit quality. In particular, I try to understand the impact of the provision of non-audit services (NAS) on audit firms' incentives, in order to conclude on the best way to regulate this industry. I believe that a better understanding of auditors' incentives is necessary to design better regulations. To that end, I develop a framework that provides new insights into the incentive effects of NAS on auditors. I show that it can be optimal for the investors of a client firm to let the external auditor provide NAS because of an incentive externality. Indeed, the possibility of providing NAS contingent on detecting financial misstatements increases the auditor's incentives to exert audit effort. However, despite this positive externality, the provision of NAS may decrease perceived audit quality, which may in turn render the provision of NAS by auditors undesirable. Thus, my analysis uncovers an interesting tradeoff for regulators between the positive incentive effect and the decrease in audit quality. Removing the current restriction on contingent audit fees may offset this ex post decrease in audit quality while preserving the ex ante incentives.

Download or read book Security Analysis The Classic 1934 Edition written by Benjamin Graham and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 1934 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains financial analysis techniques, shows how to interpret financial statements, and discusses the analysis of fixed-income securities and the valuation of stocks.